Shedding New Light on the Process of “Licensing” for Pathogenicity by Th Lymphocytes

Abstract Strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmitted between individuals use the CCR5 coreceptor, but no preferential depletion of particular Th-lymphocyte subpopulations has been reported during primary HIV infection (PHI). In contrast, gut-associated Th lymphocytes are preferentially depleted in macaques recently infected by simian immunodeficiency virus. The expression of CCR5 and the intestinal homing receptor integrin α4β7 on subpopulations of Th lymphocytes was studied in 12 patients with PHI. There was a profound decrease of circulating α4β7+ Th lymphocytes and CCR5+ memory Th lymphocytes with nonlymphoid homing potential (CD62L−CD45RO+). Unlike other Th lymphocytes, this cell population remained depleted despite early control of viral replication under antiretroviral treatment. Therefore, HIV preferentially targets a specific CCR5+ subpopulation of Th lymphocytes early during infection, inducing its persistent depletion despite treatment. Protective immunity in vivo depends on Th lymphocytes carrying homing capacity to nonlymphoid tissue, and therefore these data may explain the persistent abnormalities of immune functions in patients infected with HIV.

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Subsets and Function Changes of Th Cells in the Bone Marrow of Patients with Immune Related Pancytopenia.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v106.11.3762.3762 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 3762-3762

Author(s):

Guangsheng He ◽

Xiuli Wang ◽

De Pei Wu ◽

Aining Sun ◽

Zhengming Jin

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Th2 Cells ◽

Th1 Cells ◽

T Helper ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

And Function ◽

Normal Controls ◽

Th Lymphocytes

Abstract Objectives To explore the subsets and function of T helper (Th) in bone marrow of the patients with immune related pancytopenia(IRP). Methods The CD4+ cells producing IFN-γ or IL-4 in cytoplasm were defined as Th1 or Th2 cells respectively. All these cells in bone marrow were measured from 16 normal controls, 25 untreated IRP patients; The mRNA expressions of IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-2 genes in unstimulated bone marrow mononuclear cells(BMMNC)from 25 untreated IRP patients, 10 normal controls were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The percentage of Th1 cells, Th2 cells and ratio of Th1/Th2 in bone marrow of normal controls was: 0.42%, 0.24%, 1.57 respectively, and the percentage of Th1 cells in untreated patients with IRP was 0.58%, which was not markedly different from the that of normal controls(t=0.903, P>0.05). But the percentage of Th2 cells of the patients with IRP was significantly higher than that of normal controls(t=4.673, P<0.01), and the balance of Th1/Th2 shifted to Th2 more significantly by comparing to that of normal controls (t=4.880, P<0.01). The mRNA expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 in the Th2 cells of the untreated IRP patients were significantly higher than those of the normal controls, however difference of the expressions of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the Th1 cells were not significantly. Conclusions The percentage of Th2 cells increased in the patients with IRP, and the balance of Th1/Th2 shifted to Th2. And the expression of Th2 type cytokines was more frequent in IRP. The imbalance of subtypes of Th lymphocytes and hyperfunction of Th2 lymphocytes might play important roles in the pathogenic mechanism of IRP, which lead to more B lymphocytes and producing autoantibodies consistenly.

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T-helper and humoral responses to Puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein: identification of T-helper epitopes in a mouse model

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/0022-1317-82-1-129 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 129-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Cristina de Carvalho Nicacio ◽

Matti Sällberg ◽

Catharina Hultgren ◽

Åke Lundkvist

Keyword(s):

Protein Identification ◽

Inbred Mice ◽

T Helper ◽

Th2 Response ◽

N Protein ◽

Amino Terminal ◽

Recognition Sites ◽

Humoral Responses ◽

Lymphocyte Responses ◽

Th Lymphocytes

Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) is a rodent-borne agent causing nephropathia epidemica in humans, a milder form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome occurring in Fennoscandia, central Europe and western Russia. In this study we characterized the immunogenicity of an E. coli-expressed nucleocapsid (N) protein of PUUV (strain Kazan-E6) in inbred mice (BALB/c, CBA and C57/BL6). The recombinant N (rN) protein raised PUUV-specific antibodies in all three tested murine haplotypes, and all IgG subclasses were detected. Epitope mapping using peptides spanning the N protein revealed that the B-cell recognition sites were mainly located at the amino-terminal part of the protein. Proliferative T-helper (Th) lymphocyte responses were detected in all haplotypes after a single immunization with rN. Several Th-recognition sites, spanning amino acids 6–27, 96–117, 211–232 and 256–277, were identified using overlapping peptides. Peptides representing the identified sites could also prime Th-lymphocytes to proliferate in response to recall with rN protein, thereby confirming the authenticity of the identified sites. The rN-primed Th-lymphocytes produced predominantly interleukin (IL)-2 and gamma interferon, together with lower levels of IL-4 and IL-6, indicating a mixed Th1/Th2 response.

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Analysis of subpopulation composition of Th-lymphocytes in peripheral blood in women with miscarriage

Российский иммунологический журнал ◽

10.31857/s102872210002409-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12(21) (3) ◽

pp. 354-357

Author(s):

Yu. Loginova ◽

◽

O. Abramovskikh ◽

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Th Lymphocytes

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Direct cross-priming by th lymphocytes generates memory cytotoxic T cell responses.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1026362.325057 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Rescigno

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Cytotoxic T Cell ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Direct Cross ◽

Cytotoxic T Cell Responses ◽

Th Lymphocytes

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Age-Related Differences in Percentages of Regulatory and Effector T Lymphocytes and Their Subsets in Healthy Individuals and Characteristic STAT1/STAT5 Signalling Response in Helper T Lymphocytes

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2015/352934 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Marija Holcar ◽

Aleš Goropevšek ◽

Alojz Ihan ◽

Tadej Avčin

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Lymphocyte Subsets ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Helper T Lymphocytes ◽

Age Related ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Age Related Changes ◽

Th Lymphocytes

The dynamic process of the development of the immune system can in itself result in age-related immune malfunctions. In this study, we analysed lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 60 healthy donors, divided into groups of children, adolescents, and adults, focusing on effector (Teff) and regulatory (Treg) T lymphocytes and STAT1/STAT5 signalling response in helper T lymphocytes (Th) in adults, using flow cytometry. Our results demonstrate a decrease in the percentage of total Tregs and an increase in the percentage of total Teffs with age and a consequential immense increase in the Teff/Treg ratio. The increase of Teffs was most apparent in Th1, Th1Th17, and Th17CD161− subsets. Significant Th lymphocyte STAT1 expression differences were observed between children and adolescents, which were associated with the decrease in activated Tregs. Higher expression of STAT1 was found in FoxP3hi than in FoxP3low Th lymphocytes, while significant IL-2 induced STAT5 phosphorylation differences were found among the subsets of Th lymphocytes in adults. Our study demonstrates age-related changes in circulating Teff and Treg, as well as significant differences in STAT5/STAT1 signalling among FoxP3+ Th lymphocytes, providing new advances in the understanding of immunosenescence.

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Soluble Egg Antigen-Stimulated T Helper Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Evidence for Cell Death Mediated by FasL+ T and B Cells during Murine Schistosoma mansoni Infection

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.69.1.271-280.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 271-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Steven K. Lundy ◽

Stephen P. Lerman ◽

Dov L. Boros

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Cell Death ◽

T Cell ◽

B Cells ◽

Cell Apoptosis ◽

Granuloma Formation ◽

Fasl Expression ◽

T Cell Apoptosis ◽

Th Cell ◽

Th Lymphocytes

ABSTRACT Granuloma formation around schistosomal eggs is induced by soluble egg antigens (SEA) and mediated by the activity of CD4+ Th lymphocytes and their cytokines. Regulation of the inflammatory Th cell response during infection is still insufficiently understood. The hypothesis of this study was that activation-induced cell death (AICD) of CD4+ T cells is involved in the immune inflammatory response. This study investigated the dynamics of splenic and granuloma CD4+ Th cell apoptosis and Fas ligand (FasL) expression during the acute and chronic stages of murine schistosomal infection. Enhanced apoptosis of freshly isolated CD4+ Th lymphocytes commenced after egg deposition and persisted during the peak and modulated phases of granuloma formation. After oviposition, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ splenocytes and granuloma cells expressed elevated levels of FasL but FasL expression declined during the downmodulated stage of infection. In culture, SEA induced splenic and granuloma CD4+ T-cell apoptosis and stimulated expression of FasL on splenic but not granuloma CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells. SEA-stimulated splenocytes and granuloma cells preferentially lysed a Fas-transfected target cell line. Depletion of B cells from SEA-stimulated splenic cultures decreased CD4+ T cell apoptosis. Coculture of purified splenic B cells with CD4+ T cells and adoptive transfer of purified B cells indicated that antigen-stimulated B cells can kill CD4+ Th cells. However, CD4+ T cells were the dominant mediators of apoptosis in the granuloma. This study indicates that AICD is involved in the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells during schistosomal infection.

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