scholarly journals Nitrogen sediment fluxes in an upwelling system off central Chile (Concepción Bay and adjacent shelf) during the 1997-1998 El Niño

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
PRAXEDES MUÑOZ ◽  
MARCO A SALAMANCA ◽  
CARLOS NEIRA ◽  
JAVIER SELLANES
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Sediment Fluxes ◽  
Upwelling System

scholarly journals Inter-annual variability of the Pelagic-Benthic coupling in the upwelling system off central Chile

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Graco ◽  
D. Gutiérrez ◽  
L. Farías
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Upwelling System ◽  
Benthic Coupling

Abstract. The coastal region of central Chile (36° S) is one of the most productive coastal systems, characterized by a marked seasonality in the upwelling regime, that brings subsurface waters rich in nutrient and poor in oxygen (ESSW) into the euphotic zone. This oceanographic condition depends basically on the equatorward wind strength and is modified on different time scales, with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon as the main source of interannual variability in the Pacific Ocean. Here we present an effort to integrate physical and biogeochemical variability associated with in situ information and experiments at coastal stations off central Chile (36° S) in order to improve the knowledge on the pelagic-benthic coupling in this upwelling system during the warm ENSO phase or El Niño. Carbon fluxes exported from the water column to the sediments and the ammonium exchange across the sediment-water interface are discussed together with oceanographic and benthic conditions. All measurements and estimations were carried out from May 1997 until April 2001 at two stations, one located inside Concepción Bay (~28 m depth), and the other on the continental shelf at ~36° S (~88 m depth). The results show that the pelagic and benthic systems are strongly coupled off central Chile (36° S). Oceanographic variability associated with upwelling events (seasonal scale) and an El Niño event (interannual scale) was observed. The carbon fluxes exported to the sediments, the benthic conditions (i.e., quantity and quality of the sediment organic matter), and the ammonium exchange across the sediment-water interface, responded to the seasonal regime of upwelling during non El Niño years as well as to the ENSO related oceanographic variability.

scholarly journals A first shallow firn-core record from Glaciar La Ollada, Cerro Mercedario, central Argentine Andes

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bolius ◽  
Margit Schwikowski ◽  
Theo Jenk ◽  
Heinz W. Gäggeler ◽  
Gino Casassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Southern Oscillation Index ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Paleoclimate Reconstruction ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Annual Layer ◽  
Firn Core

AbstractIn January 2003, shallow firn cores were recovered from Glaciar Esmeralda on Cerro del Plomo (33°14’S, 70°13’W; 5300 ma.s.l.), central Chile, and from Glaciar La Ollada on Cerro Mercedario (31°58’S, 70°07’W; 6070 ma.s.l.), Argentina, in order to find a suitable archive for paleoclimate reconstruction in a region strongly influenced by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. In the area between 28°S and 35°S, the amount of winter precipitation is significantly correlated to the Southern Oscillation Index, with higher values during El Nino years. Glaciochemical analysis indicates that the paleo-record at Glaciar La Ollada is well preserved, whereas at Glaciar Esmeralda the record is strongly influenced by meltwater formation and percolation. A preliminary dating of the Mercedario core by annual-layer counting results in a time-span of 17 years (1986-2002), yielding an average annual net accumulation of 0.45 m w.e.

scholarly journals Regional-scale changes in diatom distribution in the Humboldt upwelling system as revealed by remote sensing: implications for fisheries

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Jackson ◽  
Heather A. Bouman ◽  
Shubha Sathyendranath ◽  
Emmanuel Devred
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Upwelling System ◽  
Diatom Population ◽  
Engraulis Ringens ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Abstract Jackson, T., Bouman, H. A., Sathyendranath, S., and Devred, E. 2011. Regional-scale changes in diatom distribution in the Humboldt upwelling system as revealed by remote sensing: implications for fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 729–736. A diatom-detection algorithm was parametrized for the Humboldt upwelling system using local cruise data that were first validated, then used to create monthly composites of diatom distribution from 0 to 40°S and 90 to 70°W for both normal and El Niño conditions. There was a 50% reduction in the areal extent of diatom-dominated waters during the peak of the 1997 El Niño. The extent of the coastward contraction in the diatom-dominated area varied along the South American coastline. These regional shifts in phyto- and zooplankton communities would have increased food stress on local anchovy (Engraulis ringens) populations and could have contributed to diminished larval survival and landings the following year. A region of strong upwelling over the wide Peruvian continental shelf around 15°S was the only area that maintained a strong diatom population throughout the El Niño; the area may require special protection from fishing pressure in years following an El Niño event.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of the intensification of the upwelling-favorable winds during El Niño 1997–1998 in the Peruvian upwelling system

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 3717-3733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Chamorro ◽  
Vincent Echevin ◽  
François Colas ◽  
Vera Oerder ◽  
Jorge Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Upwelling System

Inorganic carbon in the central California upwelling system during the 1997–1999 El Niño–La Niña event

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 185-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E Friederich ◽  
P.M Walz ◽  
M.G Burczynski ◽  
F.P Chavez
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Central California ◽  
Upwelling System ◽  
La Nina ◽  
La Nina Event

scholarly journals Meiofauna and sedimentary organic matter off Central Chile: response to changes caused by the 1997–1998 El Niño

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos NEIRA ◽  
Javier SELLANES ◽  
Aldo SOTO ◽  
Dimitri GUTIÉRREZ ◽  
Víctor A GALLARDO
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Sedimentary Organic Matter ◽  
Central Chile

scholarly journals The effects of El Niño and La Niña on snow and avalanche patterns in British Columbia, Canada, and central Chile

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (216) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. McClung
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Snow Avalanche ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Precipitation Patterns ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Climate Analysis

AbstractEl Niño and La Niña affect global climate and atmospheric circulation to determine winter temperature and precipitation patterns. Both winter temperatures and the associated precipitation patterns have effects on mountain snow deposition and snow avalanche occurrences. Approximately 25 000 slab avalanches from 30 winters were analyzed in relation to snowfall patterns contrasted for El Niño and La Niña winters for two avalanche areas with different snow climates in British Columbia (BC), Canada. La Niña winters were shown to produce more snow, more avalanches and a higher percentage of dry avalanches than wet avalanches. The data and analysis show that the avalanche patterns depend on the altitude and snow climate. Analysis of snowfall and accident data from the Andes of Chile suggests behavior opposite to BC. El Niño winters in central Chile produced the most snow and, by inference, the most avalanches. This paper is the first to show the links of El Niño and La Niña to snow avalanche activity.

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