scholarly journals Chorion laeve trophoblasts of preeclamptic fetal membranes: histochemically detectable enzyme activities do not change at a subcellular level

10.4081/1631 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Matsubara ◽  
T Takayama ◽  
R Iwasaki ◽  
A Izumi ◽  
T Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Chorion Laeve ◽  
Subcellular Level

Studies on the action of interleukin-1 on term human fetal membranes and decidua

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Alnaif ◽  
R. J. Benzie ◽  
W. Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Human Amnion ◽  
Chorion Laeve ◽  
Interleukin 1Α ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dispersed Cells

Recent studies have indicated the possible importance of cytokines in the onset of term and preterm labor. To examine this further, the effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on prostaglandin output by dispersed cells from human amnion, chorion laeve, and decidua obtained at term (38–40 weeks gestation) was examined. During the first or second 24 h of culture no significant effect of these interleukins on prostaglandin output was observed. The reason for this apparent refractoriness was further investigated by studying the distribution of IL-1 receptors in frozen sections of undisrupted fetal membranes and decidua at term. Whole-tissue autoradiography indicated that receptors were present in chorion–decidua but not in amnion. By using emulsion autoradiography, IL-1 receptors were found in high concentrations in chorion laeve and were absent in amnion and at low levels in the decidua. These studies indicate that under normal circumstances in human pregnancy at term IL-1 did not stimulate prostaglandin production by dispersed cells. In the case of amnion, this may be due to the absence of receptors, and therefore it would appear that the IL-1 receptor must first be induced in this tissue before it can respond to this cytokine. Furthermore, although chorion laeve expresses the IL-1 receptor, dispersed cells from this tissue did not respond to the cytokine by increasing prostaglandin output.Key words: labor, prostaglandins, interleukin-1, interleukin-1 receptor, fetal membranes, decidua.

scholarly journals Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in Human Placenta and Fetal Membranes in Relation to Preterm and Term Labor

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Xu ◽  
Nadia Alfaidy ◽  
John R. G. Challis
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Fetal Membrane ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Membrane Rupture ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chorion Laeve ◽  
Term Labor

Extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is found in many processes during human parturition at term and preterm. These include cervical ripening, fetal membrane rupture, and placental detachment from the maternal uterus. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the main mediators of ECM degradation. The present study was designed to investigate the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human fetal membranes (FMs) and placental (PL) tissues with or without labor at preterm and term parturition. Both zymography and Western blot analysis showed that MMP-9 was significantly (P < 0.01) increased in preterm and term labor FM, compared with nonlabor. Term labor PL also had a much higher (P < 0.05) level of MMP-9 than that of term nonlabor. No significant difference in MMP-2 expression was found between labor and nonlabor tissues. Immunolocalization studies revealed a specific distribution pattern for MMP-2 and MMP-9. MMP-2 was localized to the amnion mesenchyme, chorion laeve trophoblast, decidua parietalis, and blood vessels in PL villi. MMP-9 was localized mainly to amnion epithelia, chorion laeve trophoblast, decidua parietalis, and PL syncytiotrophoblasts. Separate cell culture from different layers of FM and culture of purified PL trophoblast cells showed that PL syncytiotrophoblast and amnion epithelial cells exclusively produced MMP-9; chorion trophoblast cells secreted both MMP-2 and MMP-9, but amnion mesenchymal cells produced only MMP-2. We concluded that MMP-2 and MMP-9 exhibited cell-specific expression in the human PL. An increase in MMP-9 expression may contribute to degradation of the ECM in the FM and PL, thereby facilitating FM rupture and PL detachment from the maternal uterus at labor, both preterm and term.

Localization of prostaglandin H synthase type 2 protein and mRNA in term human fetal membranes and decidua

1996 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Gibb ◽  
M Sun
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Prostaglandin H Synthase ◽  
Membrane Rupture ◽  
Chorion Laeve ◽  
Prostaglandin H ◽  
Amnion Epithelial Cells

Abstract Prostaglandin (PG) production by human fetal membranes (amnion and chorion laeve) may be important in the onset and progression of labour, cervical ripening and membrane rupture. Prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) is a key enzyme in PG formation and has two isoforms, a constitutive form (PGHS-1) and an inducible form (PGHS-2). The present study examined the cellular distribution of the PGHS-2 enzyme and PGHS-2 mRNA in term human fetal membranes and decidua prior to and following labour, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization with an 35S-labelled oligonucleotide probe. The PGHS-2 protein was found to be localized in amnion epithelial cells and chorion laeve trophoblast, but was absent or at low levels in the decidual stroma in most tissues, although cells surrounding some of the blood vessels in the decidua did express PGHS-2. In situ hybridization demonstrated that PGHS-2 mRNA had a similar distribution and was localized to amnion epithelial cells, cells in the amnion-chorion mesenchyme, chorion laeve trophoblast and, occasionally, to cells surrounding blood vessels in the decidua. Of particular note was the high mRNA expression in some cells and low expression in other cells, particularly in the chorion, and the low level of PGHS-2 mRNA in decidua. There was no observable difference in the cellular localization of PGHS-2 protein or PGHS-2 mRNA in tissues obtained prior to and following labour. The studies indicate that, at term, the inducible form of PGHS, PGHS-2, is expressed at a high level in fetal tissues in a number of different cell types rather than in the maternal decidua. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 150, 497–503

scholarly journals Secretion of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases by human fetal membranes, decidua and placenta at parturition

1999 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Riley ◽  
R Leask ◽  
FC Denison ◽  
K Wisely ◽  
AA Calder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors ◽  
Membrane Rupture ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Chorion Laeve

At parturition, breakdown of extracellular matrix in the fetal membranes may play a part in the rupture of the membranes and in the aetiology of premature rupture, in addition to having a regulatory role in the cell-cell interactions and signalling at the feto-maternal interface to stimulate myometrial contractility. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important enzymes for the breakdown of extracellular matrix and their activity is regulated by a family of endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). At parturition, alteration in the balance between MMPs and TIMPs may mediate this extracellular matrix breakdown during rupture of fetal membranes. The aims of this study were to determine if the intrauterine secretion of TIMPs changes at labour, and to characterise their cellular sources. A broad range of TIMP activities (27-30 kDa, 24 kDa and 21 kDa) were detected by reverse zymography in term amniotic fluid. There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the amount of TIMPs in amniotic fluid and their release with the onset of labour. The TIMPs were characterised by immunoblot as TIMPs-1, -2, -3 and -4. High levels of TIMPs were secreted by explants of chorio-decidua, decidua parietalis and placenta, with less being released by amnion. Immunolocalisation studies revealed a specific distribution pattern for each of the TIMP isoforms. Trophoblast cells of chorion laeve, decidua parietalis and placental syncytiotrophoblast demonstrated specific immunoreactivity for all four isoforms. TIMPs were also found bound to selective regions of extracellular matrix. The decrease in TIMPs during labour may permit increased breakdown of extracellular matrix in the fetal membranes and decidua at parturition, thus altering cell signalling at the feto-maternal interface and facilitating membrane rupture.

scholarly journals Apoptosis in the Chorion Laeve of Term Patients With Histologic Chorioamnionitis

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Murtha ◽  
R. Auten ◽  
W. N. P. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Membrane ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Histologic Chorioamnionitis ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Chorion Laeve ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Objective:The balance between cell survival and cell death (apoptosis) is critical during development and may affect organ function. Apoptosis is accelerated in the presence of infection and inflammation in a variety of organ systems. The objective of this investigation was to determine if apoptosis was increased in the chorion laeve of term patients with and without histologic chorioamnionitis.Methods:Records of placental pathology were reviewed with respect to the presence/absence of histologic chorioamnionitis. Sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fetal membrane rolls were stained using the TUNEL method. The proportion of apoptotic nuclei was calculated in seven high-powered fields/section. Those with and without histologic chorioamnionitis were compared. Datawere analyzed using the Mann—Whitney U test, with significance defined asp< 0.05.Results:There was no significant difference in demographic or clinical characteristics between the two groups. The chorion laeve from subjects with histologic chorioamnionitis had significantly more apoptotic nuclei when compared to those without chorioamnionitis (11.2% vs. 5%,p= 0.02).Conclusion:Apoptosis ismore prevalent in the chorion laeve of fetal membranes with histologic chorioamnionitis. This finding suggests that infection/inflammation may impact cell survivalwithin fetal membranes. The implications of these findings warrant further investigation.

Enzyme-histochemically detectable glucose-6-phosphatase is present in chorion laeve trophoblasts of human fetal membranes

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeki Matsubara ◽  
Ikuo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Chorion Laeve

Progressive in vitro apoptosis in the chorion laeve of human fetal membranes at late stage of pregnancy is suppressed by glucocorticoides

Placenta ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. A35
Author(s):  
K. Ohyama ◽  
K. Oka ◽  
H. Tamura ◽  
T. Suga ◽  
T. Bessho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Chorion Laeve

High time resolution enzyme cytochemistry of rod outer segment

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-879
Author(s):  
Takuma Saito ◽  
Toshihiro Takizawa
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Visual Cell ◽  
Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Rod Outer Segment ◽  
Enzymatic Cascades ◽  
Rapid Drop

Cells and tissues live on a number of dynamic metabolic pathways, which are made up of sequential enzymatic cascades.Recent biochemical and physiological studies of vision research showed the importance of cGMP metabolism in the rod outer segment of visual cell, indicat ing that the photon activated rhodopsin exerts activation effect on the GTP binding protein, transducin, and this act ivated transducin further activates phosphodiesterase (PDEase) to result in a rapid drop in cGMP concentration in the cytoplasm of rod outer segment. This rapid drop of cGMP concentration exerts to close the ion channel on the plasma membrane and to stop of inward current brings hyperpolarization and evokes an action potential.These sequential change of enzyme activities, known as cGMP cascade, proceeds quite rapidly within msec order. Such a rapid change of enzyme activities, such as PDEase in rod outer segment, was not a matter of conventional histochemical invest igations.

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