scholarly journals Perinatal Stem Cells - Biology, Manufacturing and Translational Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Monti
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Translational Medicine ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Fetal Membranes

This book focuses on a new category of stem cells derived from perinatal tissue, including amniotic fluid, fetal membranes, umbilical cord, and placental tissue....

scholarly journals Isolation, characterization and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood and Wharton's jelly in the horse

Reproduction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Iacono ◽  
Lara Brunori ◽  
Alessandro Pirrone ◽  
Pasquale Paolo Pagliaro ◽  
Francesca Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Wharton's Jelly

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been derived from multiple sources of the horse including umbilical cord blood (UCB) and amnion. This work aimed to identify and characterize stem cells from equine amniotic fluid (AF), CB and Wharton's Jelly (WJ). Samples were obtained from 13 mares at labour. AF and CB cells were isolated by centrifugation, while WJ was prepared by incubating with an enzymatic solution for 2 h. All cell lines were cultured in DMEM/TCM199 plus fetal bovine serum. Fibroblast-like cells were observed in 7/10 (70%) AF, 6/8 (75%) CB and 8/12 (66.7%) WJ samples. Statistically significant differences were found between cell-doubling times (DTs): cells isolated from WJ expanded more rapidly (2.0±0.6 days) than those isolated from CB (2.6±1.3 days) and AF (2.3±1.0 days) (P<0.05). Positive von Kossa and Alizarin Red S staining confirmed osteogenesis. Alcian Blue staining of matrix glycosaminoglycans illustrated chondrogenesis and positive Oil Red O lipid droplets staining suggested adipogenesis. All cell lines isolated were positive for CD90, CD44, CD105; and negative for CD34, CD14 and CD45. These findings suggest that equine MSCs from AF, UCB and WJ appeared to be a readily obtainable and highly proliferative cell lines from a uninvasive source that may represent a good model system for stem cell biology and cellular therapy applications in horses. However, to assess their use as an allogenic cell source, further studies are needed for evaluating the expression of markers related to cell immunogenicity.

scholarly journals Spare Parts from Discarded Materials: Fetal Annexes in Regenerative Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Gaggi ◽  
Pascal Izzicupo ◽  
Andrea Di Credico ◽  
Silvia Sancilio ◽  
Angela Di Baldassarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Suitable Environment

One of the main aims in regenerative medicine is to find stem cells that are easy to obtain and are safe and efficient in either an autologous or allogenic host when transplanted. This review provides an overview of the potential use of the fetal annexes in regenerative medicine: we described the formation of the annexes, their immunological features, the new advances in the phenotypical characterization of fetal annexes-derived stem cells, the progressions obtained in the analysis of both their differentiative potential and their secretoma, and finally, the potential use of decellularized fetal membranes. Normally discarded as medical waste, the umbilical cord and perinatal tissue not only represent a rich source of stem cells but can also be used as a scaffold for regenerative medicine, providing a suitable environment for the growth and differentiation of stem cells.

scholarly journals In Vitro Differentiation Potential of Human Placenta Derived Cells into Skin Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhma Mahmood ◽  
Mahmood S. Choudhery ◽  
Azra Mehmood ◽  
Shaheen N. Khan ◽  
Sheikh Riazuddin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Umbilical Cord Tissue

Skin autografting is the most viable and aesthetic technique for treatment of extensive burns; however, this practice has potential limitations. Harvesting cells from neonatal sources (such as placental tissue) is a simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive procedure. In the current study authors sought to evaluate in vitro potential of human placenta derived stem cells to develop into skin-like cells. After extensive washing, amniotic membrane and umbilical cord tissue were separated to harvest amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), respectively. Both types of cells were characterized for the expression of embryonic lineage markers and their growth characteristics were determined. AECs and UC-MSCs were induced to differentiate into keratinocytes-like and dermal fibroblasts-like cells, respectively. After induction, morphological changes were detected by microscopy. The differentiation potential was further assessed using immunostaining and RT-PCR analyses. AECs were positive for cytokeratins and E-Cadherin while UC-MSCs were positive for fibroblast specific makers. AECs differentiated into keratinocytes-like cells showed positive expression of keratinocyte specific cytokeratins, involucrin, and loricrin. UC-MSCs differentiated into dermal fibroblast-like cells indicated expression of collagen type 3, desmin, FGF-7, fibroblast activation protein alpha, procollagen-1, and vimentin. In conclusion, placenta is a potential source of cells to develop into skin-like cells.

scholarly journals Novel Sources of Fetal Stem Cells for Future Regenerative Medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Yani Lina ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Fetal Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stromal cells are multipotent cells considered to be of great promise for use in regenerative medicine. However, the cell dose may be a critical factor in many clinical conditions and the yield resulting from the ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from bone marrow may be insufficient. Thus, alternative sources of mesenchymal stromal cells need to be explored.CONTENT: There are multiple extra-embryonic tissues emerging during gestation including umbilical cord blood (UCB), amniotic fluid (AF), Wharton’s jelly, the amniotic membrane and the placenta, which are all discarded following birth. Fetal stem cells from these sources actually represent a new class of stem cells developmentally and operationally located between the state of embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells, sharing and exhibiting features of pluripotency and multipotency, without necessarily implying that they can generate every type of tissue.SUMMARY: Fetal stem cells have been recently isolated from several tissues (amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, Wharton’s jelly, amnion and placenta). They are derived either from the fetus proper or from the supportive extra-embryonic structures. They represent ideal sources for regenerative medicine since they are easily accessible, exhibit high proliferation rates, do not form teratomas and present no ethical reservations like embryonic stem cells (ESC). Their functional features indicate that they actually represent intermediates between ESC and adult stem cells.KEYWORDS: mesenchymal stem cells, fetal stem cells, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, placenta, wharton’s jelly

407: Characterization of fetal mesenchymal stem cells isolated from umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid of the same donor

2009 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. S157
Author(s):  
Francesca Maria Russo ◽  
Patrizia Vergani ◽  
Francesca Gatto ◽  
Simona Marzorati ◽  
Ilaria Follesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood

312 ISOLATION, PROLIFERATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FROM AMNIOTIC FLUID, AMNION, AND UMBILICAL CORD MATRIX IN THE DOG

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Valentini ◽  
M. Filioli Uranio ◽  
A. Lange Consiglio ◽  
A. C. Guaricci ◽  
M. Caira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Umbilical Cord Matrix

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are defined as multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into various cell types in vivo and in vitro under controlled conditions. These cells express specific markers detectable by analysis at the mRNA or protein level. Important sources of MSC could be fetal adnexa, such as amniotic fluid (AF), amnion (AM), and umbilical cord matrix (UCM). Canine MSC should be of use for cell-based therapies and tissue engineering improving treatment of several diseases. Moreover, the dog has been considered an attractive animal model to study human diseases. In the present study, we successfully isolated and molecularly characterised AF-MSC, AM-MSC, and UCM-MSC from dogs. Chromosomal stability and telomerase activity were also investigated. Samples were recovered after elective ovariohysterectomy in 3 bitches 25 to 40 days of gestational age. After isolation, cells were maintained in culture (Bossolasco et al. 2006 Cell Res. 16, 329–336) for different passages to perform growth and doubling time (DT) studies. Expression analyses of embryonic (Oct-4, Nanog), mesenchymal (CD44, CD184, CD29), and haematopoietic (CD34, CD45) markers were carried out by RT-PCR. Karyotype analysis was performed by Q banding. Telomerase activity was analysed by TRAPeze Telomerase Detection Kit. In all 3 cell types, the morphology of proliferating cells appeared typically fibroblast-like. In the growth study, cells isolated from AF and AM were cultured until P3, and cells isolated from UCM were maintained until P7. The population DT in AF-MSC was significantly increased (Student’s t-test: P < 0.05) when comparing P1 v. P4. In AM-MSC, DT increased significantly in P1 v. P2 (P < 0.001), and in UCM-MSC, DT significantly increased in P1 v. P4 (P < 0.001). In AF-MSC, cell viability did not change with passages. In AM-MSC, cell viability significantly decreased (P < 0.001) between P1 and P4. In UCM-MSC, cell viability remained at approximately constant levels up to P6 and significantly decreased at P7 (P < 0.001). Amnion and UCM-MSC expressed Oct-4 and CD44, CD184, and CD29, whereas AF-MSC expressed only Oct-4 and CD44. Nanog, CD34, and CD45 were never found to be expressed in any cell line at any passage. In all cell lines, analysed metaphases at P4 showed normal chromosomal number and structure. Telomerase activity was observed in UCM-MSC, whereas tests on AF and AM-MSC are still on going. We first reported data on isolation, in vitro culture, and characterisation of MSC from AM and UCM in the dog. Cells expressed embryonic and MSC markers beginning at P1 and showed normal karyotype. These data indicated that canine MSC from fetal adnexa could be used to study stem cell biology and their application in therapeutic programs. Financial support was provided by Fondi di Ateneo 2009. University of Bari Aldo Moro (COD. ORBA09UDWX) (Resp. Sci. Maria Elena Dell’Aquila).

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