scholarly journals Performance comparison of two malaria rapid diagnostic test with real time polymerase chain reaction and gold standard of microscopy detection method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspa Wardhani ◽  
Trieva Verawaty Butarbutar ◽  
Christophorus Oetama Adiatmaja ◽  
Amarensi Milka Betaubun ◽  
Nur Hamidah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: The diagnostic test for malaria is mostly based on Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and detection by microscopy. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is also a sensitive detection method that can be considered as a diagnostic tool. The outcome of malaria microscopy detection depends on the examiner's ability and experience. Some RDT has been distributed in Indonesia, which needs to be evaluated for their results. Objective: This study aimed to compare the performance of RightSign RDT and ScreenPlus RDT for detection of Plasmodium in human blood. We used specific real-time polymerase chain reaction abTESTMMalaria qPCRII) and gold standard of microscopy detection method to measure diagnostic efficiency. Methods: Blood specimens were evaluated using RightSign RDT, ScreenPlus RDT, Microscopy detection, and RT-PCR as the protocol described. The differences on specificity (Sp), sensitivity (Sn), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were analyzed using McNemar and Kruskal Wallis analysis. Results: A total of 105 subjects were recruited. Based on microscopy test, RightSign RDT had sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, 100%, 98%, 98.2%, 100%, respectively. ScreenPlus showed 100% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 98.2% PPV, 100% NPV. The sensitivity of both RDTs became lower (75%) and the specificity higher (100 %) when using real-time PCR. Both RDTs showed a 100% agreement. RT-PCR detected higher mix infection when compared to microscopy and RDTs. Conclusion: RightSign and ScreenPlus RDT have excellent performance when using microscopy detection as a gold standard. Real-time PCR method can be considered as a confirmation tool for malaria diagnosis.

scholarly journals The utility of real-time polymerase chain reaction in detecting Coccidioides immitis among clinical specimens in the Central California San Joaquin Valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Dizon ◽  
Marilyn Mitchell ◽  
Bernadette Dizon ◽  
Robert Libke ◽  
Michael W Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Acute Pneumonia ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractCoccidioidomycosis, the fungal infection caused by dimorphic Coccidioides species, is typically diagnosed by histopathologic identification of spherules, by culture, or by serology. These tests are reliable but time-intensive, delaying diagnosis and treatment. Rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be performed and was validated to identify Coccidioides immitis using an in-house developed assay for the Becton Dickinson molecular instrument (BD MAXTM). These studies were performed using patient samples that had been shown to be positive on previously set up fungal cultures. To evaluate this new RT-PCR test in the clinical setting, we conducted a retrospective chart review of patients (N = 1160) who underwent Coccidioides PCR (Cocci PCR) on clinical samples between March 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2016. We abstracted clinical, microbiologic, serologic, radiographic, treatment, and follow-up data. Specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), lung tissue biopsy (LTB), sputum, and pleural fluid were evaluated to determine sensitivity and specificity. Of the 113 specimens that tested positive for Cocci PCR, all had clinical disease defined by traditional clinical criteria, yielding 100% specificity. Overall sensitivity was 74% versus 46% for fungal culture and was available in 4 hours rather than 1–2 weeks. Sensitivities varied by source material and clinical setting. CSF had a sensitivity of 59%, BAL for acute pneumonia 91%, sputum for acute pneumonia 94%, pleural fluid 86%, but LTB for lung nodules only 44%. Overall positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, while negative predictive value (NPV) was 96%, but again this varied by specimen and clinical setting. Our experience with clinical testing of >1160 specimens over 2–3 years shows we can utilize this technology to improve our ability to diagnose disease but that the sensitivity varies by specimen source and clinical setting.

scholarly journals Deteksi Plasmodium falciparum dengan menggunakan metode real-time polymerase chain reaction di daerah Likupang dan Bitung

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Tooy ◽  
Janno B. Bernadus ◽  
Angle Sorisi
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract: Malaria is one of the most important parasitic disease which is caused by Plasmodium spp. There are approximately 1,2 billion people in the world with high risk of getting malaria. Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) is the cause of tropical malaria or falciparum malaria, and is responsible for most of the mortality rate. Currently, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is being studied as an alterative of conventional malarian examination. Mangold et al reported that RT-PCR have 94.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to microscopic examination in detecting P. falciparum. The aim of this research is to detect the presence of P. falciparum using RT-PCR in Likupang and Bitung region. This research were using descriptive design to find out the capability of real-time PCR method to detect P. falciparum in Likupang dan Bitung region. The researcher have examined 71 samples which are fulfill the research sample’s criteria. Postive results of P. falciparum found in 18 samples (25,3%) and negative results in 53 samples (74,6%) of total 71 samples with using RT-PCR. No positive results were found in samples from Likupang. There are positive result of P. falciparum in samples from Bitung. It is concluded that RT-PCR method can detect the presence of P. falciparum from the samples obtained from Likupang and Bitung based on the presence of its DNA. This detection efford is done by using 18S rRNA as target gene and ajust specific temperature on the RT-PCR instrument.Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), DetectionAbstrak: Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium spp. Kira-kira 1,2 miliar penduduk dunia memiliki risiko tinggi untuk mendapat malaria. Di Indonesia sendiri, terdapat 343.527 kasus terkonfirmasi dan 45 kematian karena malaria. Plasmodium falciparum (P. Falciparum) merupakan penyebab dari malaria tropika atau malaria falsiparum, dan bertanggung jawab atas sebagian besar angka mortalitas. Saat ini Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) telah banyak diteliti sebagai alternatif dari pemeriksaan malaria. Mangold dkk melaporkan bahwa real-time PCR memiliki nilai sensitivitas 94,1% dan nilai spesifisitas 100% terhadap pemeriksaan mikroskopis dalam mendeteksi P. falciparum. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeteksi P. falciparum dengan menggunakan RT-PCR di daerah Likupang dan Bitung. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif untuk mengetahui kemampuan metode real-time PCR dalam mendeteksi P. falciparum di daerah Likupang dan Bitung. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeteksi keberadaan P. falciparum dengan menggunakan metode real-time PCR di daerah Likupang dan Bitung. Peneliti memeriksa 71 sampel darah yang memenuhi kriteria sampel penelitian. Hasil positif P. falciparum ditemukan pada 18 sampel (25,3 %) dan hasil negatif pada 53 sampel (74,6 %) dari total 71 sampel dengan menggunakan RT-PCR. Tidak ditemukannya hasil positif P. falciparum pada sampel dari Likupang. Ditemukan hasil positif P. falciparum pada sampel dari Bitung. Simpulan: Metode RT-PCR dapat mendeteksi P. falciparum berdasarkan keberadaan DNA-nya pada sampel yang diperoleh dari daerah Likupang dan Bitung. Deteksi ini berhasil dilakukan dengan menggunakan 18S rRNA sebagai gen target dan pengaturan suhu tertentu pada instrument RT-PCR.Kata kunci: P. falciparum, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Detection

scholarly journals Evaluation of SARS-CoV2 antibody Rapid Diagnostic Test kits (RDTs) and Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (Rt-PCR) for COVID-19 Diagnosis in Kaduna, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Ige ◽  
Ayuba Sunday Buru ◽  
Tanko Zainab Lamido ◽  
Tahir Mohammed ◽  
Livingstone Dogara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Real ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractThe emergence of the RNA virus SARS-CoV2, the causative agent of COVID-19 and its declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic has disrupted the delicate balance in health indices globally. Its attendant immune dysregulation and pathobiology is still evolving. Currently, real time PCR is the gold standard diagnostic test, however there are several invalidated antibody-based tests available for possible community screening. With ongoing community transmission in Nigeria, neither the true burden of COVID-19 nor the performance of these kits is presently known. This study therefore, compared the performance of the SARS CoV2 antibody test and the real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Rt-PCR) in the diagnosis of COVID-19. For the purpose of this evaluation, we used the diagnostic test kit by Innovita® Biological Technology CO., LTD China, a total of 521 venous blood samples were collected from consenting patients for the SARS COVID-19 rapid diagnostic kit and Oral and Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and analyzed using the real time Polymerase chain reaction technique for nucleic acid detection and quantification.

scholarly journals Perbandingan deteksi Plasmodium falciparum dengan metode pemeriksaan mikroskopik dan teknik real-time polymerase chain reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elril T. Langi ◽  
Janno B. B. Bernadus ◽  
Greta J. P. Wahongan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract: Plasmodium falciparum is one of the species of parasites causing tropical malaria disease. Plasmodium falciparum was reported as often being the major source of pain and even death in most cases. The data released by WHO shows that, globally, 198 millions of malaria cases occurred in 2013 with 548 thousands as cause of death. Microscopic examination is a gold standard for detecting Plasmodium falciparum. Although this method has certain limitations in diagnosing complication infection, phases of parasitemia, and also the capability of laboratory's medical staff factor. Nowadays, there has been innovation in biomolecular department, that is examination using PCR which can accurately detect the plasmodium, due to the DNA amplification. This method however, has not often used by doctors in diagnose malaria disease. The aim of this research is to determine the comparison of malaria detection using microscopic verification of plasmodium falciparum with real-time PCR verification. The method used in this research is diagnostic with 35 blood samples of patient suffering malaria disease. The blood samples from patient's vena were then divided into thick and thin microscopic sample, and some were putted into EDTA tube for DNA extraction in the laboratory using real-time PCR verification. The result of this research shown that sensitivity and specificity rate of PCR is 100% accurate. Conclusion: detection result of plasmodium falciparum using real-time PCR verification produced equal result as microscopic verification.Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, Microscopic method, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)Abstrak: Plasmodium falciparum adalah salah satu spesies parasit penyebab penyakit malaria, yaitu malaria tropika. Plasmodium falciparum dilaporkan sebagai spesies yang paling banyak menyebabkan angka kesakitan dan kematian pada manusia akibat penyakit malaria. World Health Organization (WHO) melaporkan secara global, diperkirakan 198 juta kasus malaria terjadi secara keseluruhan pada tahun 2013 dan menyebabkan 584 ribu kematian. Pemeriksaan mikroskopik adalah pemeriksaan gold standard untuk mendeteksi Plasmodium falciparum. Namun pemeriksaan ini memiliki keterbatasan dalam hal mendiagnosis infeksi campuran, infeksi dengan keadaan parasitemia, dan tidak terlatihnya tenaga kesehatan laboratorium. Saat ini dalam bidang biomolekuler telah dikembangkan pemeriksaan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yang akurat untuk mendeteksi plasmodium, karena didasarkan pada amplifikasi DNA plasmodium, namun pemeriksaan ini belum rutin digunakan untuk mendiagnosis malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan deteksi Plasmodium falciparum dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopik dan pemeriksaan real-time PCR. Metode penelitian ini ialah uji diagnostik. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu 35 sampel darah pasien suspek malaria. Sampel darah vena yang diambil langsung dibuat sedian darah tipis dan sediaan darah tebal untuk diperiksa di mikroskop, sedangkan darah yang tersisa dimasukkan dalam tabung EDTA, dan dibawa ke Laboratorium untuk dibuat ekstraksi DNA dan dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan real-time PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkatsensitivitas dan spesifisitas real-time PCR sebesar 100%. Simpulan: Hasil deteksi Plasmodium falciparum dengan pemeriksaan real-time PCR memiliki efektivitas yang setara dengan metode pemeriksaan mikroskopik sebagai gold standart.Kata kunci: Plasmodium falciparum, Pemeriksaan Mikroskopik, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT PCR (POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION) ĐỂ PHÁT HIỆN NHIỄM SẮC THỂ PHILADELPHIA TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ BẠCH CẦU MÃN TÍNH DÒNG HẠT (CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Đình Điền ◽  
Phạm Hùng Vân ◽  
Nguyễn Thái Sơn
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mau Mau ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Sáu mươi mẫu máu của bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán bệnh ung thư bạch cầu mạn tính dòng hạt (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia-CML) được nghiên cứu để phát hiện nhiễm sắc thể Philadelphia mang gen tổ hợp BCR-ABL bằng kỹ thuật RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction) và real-time PCR. Kết quả cho thấy có đến 59 bệnh nhân (98,33%) mang gen tổ hợp này trong máu ngoại biên, trong đó, dạng BCR-ABLb2a2 chiếm 32,20%, dạng BCR-ABLb3a2 chiếm 44,07% và dạng kết hợp BCR-ABLb2a2+b3a2 chiếm 23,73%. Kết quả này cho thấy có thể dùng kỹ thuật PCR để phát hiện nhiễm sắc thể Philadelphia. Việc so sánh đối chiếu kết quả này với các tác giả khác trong và ngoài nước cũng được bàn luận để khẳng định giá trị của kỹ thuật.

scholarly journals The Performance of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in Patients with Scanty Positive Acid-Fast Bacilli Sputum Smear in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: 5-Year Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Siripen Kanchanasuwan ◽  
Narongdet Kositpantawong
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Culture Positive

Objective: To assess the performance of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to diagnosis pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with scanty positive acid-fast bacilli sputum smears, in a single hospital.Materials and Methods: All patients, who had scanty positive AFB sputum smears in Songklanagarind Hospital; between 2015 and 2019 were included. Demographic data, clinical data, radiographic findings, RT-PCR and mycobacterial culture results were reviewed.  Results: From a total of 269 patients reporting scanty AFB smears, 116 patients (43.1%) had cultures confirmed as M. tuberculosis. From overall, samples from 92 patients with scanty AFB smear were processed for RT-PCR. There were 26 (28.3%) isolates having positive RT-PCR test results. Of these 26 isolates that RT-PCR positive, 25 (96.2%) were culture positive, while only 1 (3.8%) were culture negative. A remaining 66 samples that RT-PCR negative, 15 (22.7%) were culture positive for tuberculosis. Using mycobacterial cultures as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of RT-PCR were 62.5%, 98.1%, 96.2%, and 77.3%, respectively. Pulmonary consolidation and cavity on chest radiograph were associated with the growth of M. tuberculosis, with an OR of 2.3 (95% C.I. 0.26-0.73) and 3.4 (95% C.I. 1.2-9.9), respectively.Conclusion: Less than half of the patients with scanty smears had culture-confirmed tuberculosis; RT-PCR also has low sensitivity. Consequently, a negative RT-PCR does not exclude tuberculosis; especially in cases of a high index for clinical suspicion. Radiographic findings; including pulmonary consolidation and cavities, are helpful predictors for supporting this diagnosis.

scholarly journals Revisión Sistemática de Literatura: Análisis de viabilidad para la detección y diagnóstico de Covid-19, aplicando modelos de Inteligencia Artificial (IA)

CEDAMAZ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ricardo Tillaguango Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Desde la declaración de la emergencia sanitaria provocada por el Covid-19 en marzo del 2020, hasta la fecha, existen aproximadamente 219 millones de contagiados, de los cuales 4,5 millones han muerto. En nuestro país, se estima que existen 508 mil casos confirmados y aproximadamente 32 mil muertes a causa de esta enfermedad. Pese a disponer de métodos verificados para diagnosticar Covid-19, las pruebas Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) o Real Time-PCR (RT-PCR), tienden a generar falsos positivos y negativos entre el 30\% y el 40\%. Por tal razón, ayudar a los métodos tradicionales a realizar un diagnóstico clínico preciso, usando como datos de entrada radiografías pulmonares, supone un cambio radical en la detección de Covid-19, puesto que, es una alternativa mucho más cómoda para el paciente y lo que es más importante, aumenta el nivel de precisión reduciendo a la vez, las tasas de falsos positivos y negativos. En la presente Revisión Sistemática de Literatura (RSL), la cual se ha basado en la metodología de Bárbara Kitchenham, busca sustentar la creación de un modelo basado en la arquitectura de Redes Neuronales Convolucionales (CNN), capaz de analizar radiografías pulmonares para el diagnóstico de Covid-19. Como resultado, se pudo dar contestación a las tres preguntas de investigación planteadas, mismas que sirvieron para delimitar el presente estudio, para ello se analizó 41 trabajos relacionados (TR), los cuales se enfocaban en diferentes métodos de diagnóstico basados en Inteligencia Artificial (IA), no obstante 16 de estos TR hacían referencia al uso de CNN para el diagnóstico de Covid-19 mediante el análisis de tomografías computarizadas (TC) y radiografías pulmonares (Rayos X), siendo esta última la opción más viable para aplicarlo en nuestro entorno, debido la disponibilidad de datos. Además, el uso de recursos por parte de estos métodos es asequible tanto a nivel local, usando la Unidad de Procesamiento Gráfico (GPU) Nvidia y memoria RAM superior a 8GB como base, o utilizar procesamiento en la nube usando Google Colab.

1504: Molecular Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer Using Clusterin in Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Sabarinath B. Nair ◽  
Christodoulos Pipinikas ◽  
Roger Kirby ◽  
Nick Carter ◽  
Christiane Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of accuracy and sensitivity of chest CT and RT-PCR in COVID-19 diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Khatami ◽  
Mohammad Saatchi ◽  
Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh ◽  
Zahra Sadat Aghamir ◽  
Alireza Namazi Shabestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

AbstractNowadays there is an ongoing acute respiratory outbreak caused by the novel highly contagious coronavirus (COVID-19). The diagnostic protocol is based on quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chests CT scan, with uncertain accuracy. This meta-analysis study determines the diagnostic value of an initial chest CT scan in patients with COVID-19 infection in comparison with RT-PCR. Three main databases; PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and EMBASE were systematically searched for all published literature from January 1st, 2019, to the 21st May 2020 with the keywords "COVID19 virus", "2019 novel coronavirus", "Wuhan coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "X-Ray Computed Tomography", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Reverse Transcriptase PCR", and "PCR Reverse Transcriptase". All relevant case-series, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were selected. Data extraction and analysis were performed using STATA v.14.0SE (College Station, TX, USA) and RevMan 5. Among 1022 articles, 60 studies were eligible for totalizing 5744 patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chest CT scan compared to RT-PCR were 87% (95% CI 85–90%), 46% (95% CI 29–63%), 69% (95% CI 56–72%), and 89% (95% CI 82–96%), respectively. It is important to rely on the repeated RT-PCR three times to give 99% accuracy, especially in negative samples. Regarding the overall diagnostic sensitivity of 87% for chest CT, the RT-PCR testing is essential and should be repeated to escape misdiagnosis.

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