Flaming to control weeds in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) turfgrass

Weed control is crucial to ensure that turfgrass is established effectively. Although herbicides are commonly used to control weeds in turfgrasses, environmental and public health concerns have led to limiting or banning the use of synthetic herbicides in urban areas. The species seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatumSw.) is susceptible to such herbicides. Flame weeding could be an alternative to the use of synthetic herbicides for selective weed control in seashore paspalum. In this study, five different liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) doses of flaming (0, 61, 91, 157 and 237 kg ha-1) were tested in order to find the optimal dose, in terms of weed control and costs. The aim was to maintain a seashore paspalum (cultivar ‘Salam’) turf free of weeds during spring green-up, and at the same time avoid damaging the turfgrass. Using a self-propelled machine designed and built at the University of Pisa, flaming was applied three times when weeds started growing and the turfgrass started green-up. Our results highlight that an LPG dose of 157 kg ha-1was the most economic dose that led to a significant reduction in initial weed cover and density, enabling the turfgrass to recover three weeks after the third application.

Download Full-text

Flaming to control weeds in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) turfgrass

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2019.904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 105-112

Author(s):

Luisa Martelloni ◽

Marco Fontanelli ◽

Lisa Caturegli ◽

Monica Gaetani ◽

Nicola Grossi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽

Seashore Paspalum ◽

The Third ◽

Paspalum Vaginatum ◽

Weed Cover ◽

The University ◽

Flame Weeding

Weed control is crucial to ensure that turfgrass is established effectively. Although herbicides are commonly used to control weeds in turfgrasses, environmental and public health concerns have led to limiting or banning the use of synthetic herbicides in urban areas. The species seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) is susceptible to such herbicides. Flame weeding could be an alternative to the use of synthetic herbicides for selective weed control in seashore paspalum. In this study, five different liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) doses of flaming (0, 61, 91, 157 and 237 kg ha–1) were tested in order to find the optimal dose, in terms of weed control and costs. The aim was to maintain a seashore paspalum (cultivar ‘Salam’) turf free of weeds during spring greenup, and at the same time avoid damaging the turfgrass. Using a self-propelled machine designed and built at the University of Pisa, flaming was applied three times when weeds started growing and the turfgrass started green-up. Our results highlight that an LPG dose of 157 kg ha–1 was the most economic dose that led to a significant reduction in initial weed cover and density, enabling the turfgrass to recover three weeks after the third application.

Download Full-text

Preface

UIC Research Journal ◽

10.17158/495 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Renan P. Limjuco ◽

Fe Monique M. Tagaytay ◽

Fe Monique M. Tagaytay

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

School Effectiveness ◽

Tap Water ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Higher Educational Institutions ◽

The Third ◽

Immaculate Conception ◽

Higher Educational ◽

The University

The UIC Research Journal Volume 20 Number 2 features 14 articles written by faculty and student researchers from the University of the Immaculate Conception and other Higher Educational Institutions in Davao City. The journal contains five sections of the publication format of research papers, theses and dissertations from various disciplines and fields of study that have been completed in the college and graduate level.The first section comprised studies from the field Education. This issue features a variety of studies that look at a diverse array of topics in the educational spectrum. The work of Sagarino, Baucan & Habla sheds light on the various perspectives on artistry and art appreciation of paintings of Dabawenyo Artists from the view of artists and viewers. The study of Palarca, Victorino, España & Velez, examines the dynamism and richness of the female archetypes in “The Woman with Two Novels” which is the work of National Artist for Literature, Nick Joaquin. The section also features the study of Aguisando, Arguilla & Parba which examines the connection between reading proficiency and the writing skills of college students. The section finishes with the study of Musni- Tagaytay, Geonzon, Gerasmio, Lanos & Salvan which examines institutional culture as reflected in the popular Facebook trend known as university “confession” pages. The Engineering & Technology section showcases two studies into improving the quality of life through applications of engineering concepts and various developmental technology. The work of Ozoa, Limjuco & Pacabis inquires into the utilization of matrix controls in response to the growing traffic problems in various urban areas while the work of Limjuco, Quinamot, Guy-ab Jr., Cabañero, Tarongoy III, Bruno & Ybañez, Jr. investigate and compare tap water vis a vis rainwater on the quality of plant growth. The third study, which is the work of Relacion & Naval address the continuous need for the development of better learning materials and techniques by revisiting the proving of the derivative formula involving trigonometric function. The third section features Higher Education Research featuring the works of Sagayno and Limjuco which delves into The Motivational Drives and School Effectiveness Efforts of Secondary School Academicians and their Attitudinal Level towards K to 12 Implementation. The study of Laya on Modeling Turnover Intention of Faculty Members among Higher Educational institutions in Davao City, tackles human resource and educational management. The fourth section of this issue features scholarly works in the field of Health and Wellness. Babiera and Almanzor take a closer look at perceptions on Masculinity and the Acceptability of Male Dancers; newly emerging sports are given focus by Limjuco, Canono, Ramos, & Manapol in their study The Popularity and Acceptability of Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) among Aficionados and Sports Enthusiasts. Lastly, Determinants of Music Type Preference of University Students in Davao City is investigated by Limjuco, Pregua and Ticudo. The fifth and last section, Institutional/Action Researches, presents the study of Pia, Matunding & Salvador which is a tracer study of Bachelor of Science in Nursing Students in Davao Doctors College. The section also presents the study of Baradillo on the Oral Communicative Competence of Second Year Hotel and Restaurant Management Students in the University of the Immaculate Conception.

Download Full-text

Effects of Flame Weeding on Organic Garlic Production

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04081-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 502-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lara Abou Chehade ◽

Marco Fontanelli ◽

Luisa Martelloni ◽

Christian Frasconi ◽

Michele Raffaelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Crop Production ◽

Control Program ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽

Additional Tool ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Physical Weed Control ◽

Flame Weeding

A lack of efficient machines and strategies for cropping practices are still problems on small farms and in difficult landscapes, especially in organic crop production. The aim of this study was to develop a new weed control strategy for a typical organic garlic (Allium sativum) grown in Liguria, Italy. Flaming was proposed as an additional tool for the physical weed control program. A field experiment was conducted to test the effects of different flaming doses and timing on weed control and garlic production. The treatments consisted of a broadcast flaming at 16, 22, 37, and 112 kg·ha−1 of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at three different crop growth stages—emergence (BBCH 9), three to four leaves (BBCH 13) and six to seven leaves (BBCH 16)—once (at each growth stage separately), twice (at BBCH 9 and BBCH 13, BBCH 9 and BBCH 16, and BBCH 13 and BBCH 16 stages) or three times (all stages combined). Treatments were compared with a weedy control and hand weeding. One flaming treatment was effective in controlling weeds during the growing season. Frequent flaming treatments did not further reduce the weed biomass measured at harvest. A higher production than the weedy control, in terms of the number of marketable bulbs and yield, was obtained for all the flaming interventions carried out at more than 16-kg·ha−1 LPG dose. Garlic flamed once at BBCH 13 at any LPG dose or three times at more than 16 kg·ha−1 led to a comparable number of bulbs as hand weeding. Three flamings at an LPG dose of 22 kg·ha−1 also gave a statistically similar yield to hand weeding. In general, garlic was shown to tolerate up to three flaming treatments without a decline in the production. The decline in yield compared with hand weeding could be offset by the economical savings of the mechanization process and by integrating flaming with other mechanical tools used for weed management.

Download Full-text

Mechanical weed control on small-size dry bean and its response to cross-flaming

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2016141-7976 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. e0203 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luisa Martelloni ◽

Christian Frasconi ◽

Marco Fontanelli ◽

Michele Raffaelli ◽

Andrea Peruzzi

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Row Space ◽

Flame Weeding ◽

Mechanical Weed Control ◽

Similar Yield

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can be a profitable crop for farmers; however controlling weeds effectively without a decrease in yield remains a problem. An example where mechanical weed control is difficult to conduct is dry bean ‘Toscanello’, which is a small sized high-income niche product growing low to the ground. Concerning intra-row weed control, also flame weeding could be an opportunity but the dry bean heat tolerance needs to be studied. The aims of this research were to study the weed control efficacy of a spring-tine harrow and an inter-row cultivator in this bean variety, and to test the tolerance of dry bean cultivated under weed-free conditions to cross-flaming applied with different liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) doses. Flame weeding was applied at BBCH 13 and BBCH 14 bean growth stages by pairs of burners producing direct double flame acting into the intra-row space, with bean plants placed in the middle. The results suggest that the spring-tine harrow used two times at BBCH 13 and 14, respectively, lead to a yield similar to that of the weedy control. The inter-row cultivator could be an opportunity for small-sized dry bean crops producers, enabling them to obtain a similar yield compared to the hand-weeded control. Concerning the bean tolerance to cross-flaming the results showed that bean flamed at BBCH 13 stage had little tolerance to cross-flaming. Bean flamed at BBCH 14 stage was tolerant until an LPG dose of 39 kg/ha, giving yield responses similar to those observed in the non-flamed control.

Download Full-text

Tolerance of Seashore Paspalum Cultivars to Preemergence Herbicides

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-16.2.76 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 76-78

Author(s):

B. Jack Johnson ◽

Ronny R. Duncan

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Early Spring ◽

Normal Rate ◽

Seashore Paspalum ◽

Water Dispersible ◽

Paspalum Vaginatum ◽

Trade Names ◽

Preemergence Herbicides

Abstract The efficacy of preemergence herbicides among seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) cultivars used for summer annual weed control is limited. No differences were found in turfgrass tolerance among four paspalum cultivars from preemergence herbicides during 1996 and 1997 at Griffin, GA. The tolerance of paspalum turfgrass was good when treated with Ronstar (oxadiazon) at rates ≤ 10.1 kg/ha (9.0 lb/A), pendimethalin (various trade names, water-dispersible granules) or Barricade (prodiamine) at recommended rates [3.4 kg/ha (3.0 lb/A) and 0.8 kg/ha (0.7 lb/A), respectively]. When rates of these herbicides were increased to three times recommended, 15% injury was noted. During May 1996, Dimension (dithiopyr) injured the turf 12% when applied at the normal rate [0.6 kg/ha (0.5 lb/A)], but the injury was 35% in plots treated with three times recommended. Dimension did not cause any injury in 1997. Surflan (oryzalin) at 3.4 kg/ha (3.0 lb/A) and XL (benefin + oryzalin) at 3.4 kg/ha (3.0 lb/A) caused a maximum of 26% and 20% injury, respectively, when applied at the recommended rates. Maximum injury ranged from 48% for Surflan and 38% for XL when applied to plots at the three times recommended. The quality of PI 509018-1, SIPV-2, and AP-10 was generally higher than Adalayd from early spring until late August both years.

Download Full-text

Thermal Weed Control in Photinia x fraseri “Red Robin” Container Nurseries

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.11529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 345-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christian Frasconi ◽

Luisa Martelloni ◽

Marco Fontanelli ◽

Michele Raffaelli ◽

Paolo Marzialetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Control Level ◽

Plant Production ◽

Thermal Treatments ◽

Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽

Two Phase ◽

Total Period ◽

Photinia X Fraseri ◽

Container Nurseries ◽

Flame Weeding

Abstract. A near-zero tolerance policy on weeds by markets for nursery crops calls for weed-free container-grown plants, and forces growers to frequently remove weeds. Thermal weed control could represent a novel method to control weeds in shrubs from container nurseries, thus avoiding the use of herbicides and mulches. The aims of this study were to develop custom-built machinery for thermal weed control in container nurseries and to test the weed control efficiency of flame weeding and steaming in Photinia x fraseri “Red Robin” containers. A liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fed flamer and a steamer with a dedicated diffuser were built. Four treatments were applied for a total period of 24 months: steaming once every four months, steaming once every two months, flame weeding once every two months or once a month. Temperature values measured at different depths in the substrate after thermal applications were recorded and analyzed. Photinia x fraseri features (height, diameter, and dry biomass) and aesthetic parameters as affected by thermal treatments were also evaluated. The trend in temperature values of the substrate over time followed a two-phase exponential decay. All the thermal treatments lead to a continuous near-100% weed control level, which is the level required by growers for aesthetic reasons. No damages caused by heat on Photinia x fraseri were observed. Container nursery producers could thus adopt thermal methods as a substitute for chemical solutions for weed control management. Keywords: Container nurseries, ornamental plant production, Thermal weed control, Flame weeding, Steaming, Photinia x fraseri “Red Robin”, Two-phase temperature decay model.

Download Full-text

Tolerance of Four Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) Cultivars to Postemergence Herbicides

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00043268 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 689-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. Jack Johnson ◽

Ronny R. Duncan

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Weed Control ◽

The Other ◽

Seashore Paspalum ◽

Paspalum Vaginatum ◽

Postemergence Herbicides

A field study was conducted on tolerance of four seashore paspalum cultivars to postemergence (POST) herbicides in Georgia during 1995 and 1996. Quinclorac (0.8 kg/ha) and MON 12000 (0.07 kg/ha) at recommended rates were the only POST herbicides that did not affect the performance of any seashore paspalum cultivar (≥ 89%). When the rates were increased to three times recommended, the quality of ‘AP 10’ (≥ 96%) and ‘PI 28960’ (93%) cultivars was not affected, but the quality of ‘HI 25’ (≥ 84%) and ‘K-7’ (77%) was lower when compared with respective untreated plots. HI 25 recovered within 4 wk, but K-7 required 6 wk or longer. Dicamba at 1.7 kg/ha affected the quality of K-7 (69%) more at 2 wk than the other cultivars (85 to 92%). Diclofop, imazaquin, and 2,4-D plus mecoprop plus dicamba significantly reduced the quality of all cultivars 2 wk after treatment (WAT). The quality of all cultivars was similar at 2 WAT with diclofop at 1.1 kg/ha (79 to 84%). However, when treated with imazaquin at 0.4 kg/ha, the quality of K-7 (65%) was lower than AP 10 (85%), HI 25 (77%), and PI 28960 (81%), and when treated with 2,4-D plus mecoprop plus dicamba at 1.1 + 0.6 + 0.1 kg/ha, the quality of AP 10 (75%), PI 28960 (72%), and K-7 (57%) was lower than HI 25 (87%). POST applications of quinclorac, dicamba, and MON 12000 were safe to use for weed control in paspalum cultivars, whereas the safety of diclofop and imazaquin was marginal, and 2,4-D plus mecoprop plus dicamba was unacceptable.

Download Full-text

A combined flamer-cultivator for weed control during the harvesting season of asparagus green spears

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2017152-10668 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. e0203 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luisa Martelloni ◽

Marco Fontanelli ◽

Christian Frasconi ◽

Michele Raffaelli ◽

Michel Pirchio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Lower Number ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽

Repeated Use ◽

The Mean ◽

Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽

Flame Weeding ◽

New Machine

Weed competition during spears harvesting reduces asparagus yields. The application of herbicides during this period is illegal, and alternative non-chemical practices are needed. This research tested the effectiveness and efficiency of a custom-built combined flamer-cultivator to control weeds (both in the inter- and intra- spears production bands) during the spears harvest season. It also analysed the effects of various liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) doses on total asparagus yield, mean spear weight, and total number of marketable spears. In both years, the asparagus spears were generally not damaged by flame weeding using LPG doses of between 43 to 87 kg/ha. The same LPG doses were effective in controlling weeds, showing the same total marketable yields as the weed-free control. At high LPG doses (e.g. 130 and 260 kg/ha), yields decreased as a consequence of the damage caused to the spears, resulting in a lower number of marketable spears. Flaming did not affect the mean spear weight, and can be applied repeatedly during harvesting to maintain the weeds at a level that does not lead to a yield reduction. The repeated use of the combined flamer-cultivator (every seven days) led to higher yields than plots where weed control was not conducted. The new machine can be used in a period when herbicides are not possible. Flaming could be introduced by asparagus producers as an alternative, or in addition to herbicides applied in the pre-emergence and post-harvest of spears.

Download Full-text

REHABILITATION OF LANDFILLS: DESIGN LAB AT THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON WASTE ARCHITECTURE 2019

Detritus ◽

10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13978 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Artuso ◽

Elena Cossu ◽

Stefanos Antoniadis

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Urban Areas ◽

International Workshop ◽

Actual Case ◽

The Third ◽

Practical Design ◽

The University ◽

Oral Presentations ◽

A Company

In 2019 Arcoplan Associates organised the third edition of the International Workshop on Waste Architecture / Waste Management in Landscape and Urban Areas conceived as a parallel event of Sardinia 2019, 17th International Waste Management and landfill Symposium. The first day of the event was devoted entirely to oral presentations, whilst the second was taken up by a practical design and planning workshop. The design lab was coordinated by Studio Arcoplan with the collaboration of Stefanos Antoniadis, research fellow at the University of Padova. During the lab participants had the opportunity to apply theoretical notions learnt during the oral sessions to an actual case study promoted by a company, and to exchange views and opinions with colleagues and experts as part of a working team.

Download Full-text

Doctoral Training of Psychology Students in France

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.8.1.3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christine Roland-Lévy

Keyword(s):

Doctoral Programs ◽

Psychology Students ◽

Doctoral Training ◽

University System ◽

The Third ◽

Conducting Research ◽

The University ◽

Psychology Doctoral ◽

Phd Programs ◽

Phd Program

Abstract: The aim of doctoral programs in psychology is to help students become competent psychologists, capable of conducting research and of finding suitable employment. Starting with a brief description of the basic organization of the French university system, this paper presents an overview of how the psychology doctoral training is organized in France. Since October 2000, the requisites and the training of PhD students are the same in all French universities, but what now differs is the openness to other disciplines according to the size and location of the university. Three main groups of doctoral programs are distinguished in this paper. The first group refers to small universities in which the Doctoral Schools are constructed around multidisciplinary seminars that combine various themes, sometimes rather distant from psychology. The second group covers larger universities, with a PhD program that includes psychology as well as other social sciences. The third group contains a few major universities that have doctoral programs that are clearly centered on psychology (clinical, social, and/or cognitive psychology). These descriptions are followed by comments on how PhD programs are presently structured and organized. In the third section, I suggest some concrete ways of improving this doctoral training in order to give French psychologists a more European dimension.

Download Full-text