The head of Pavia

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Harari ◽  
Roberto Zacco ◽  
Enrico Cappellini ◽  
David Caramelli ◽  
Riccardo Benozzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
X Rays ◽  
North African ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
High Social Class ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Computerized Axial Tomography ◽  
The University

The excellent conservation and remarkable accuracy of the embalming of an Egyptian mummy’s head, kept from 1818 at the Museum of the Institute of Archaeology at the University of Pavia, prompted further study using medical and anthropological analyses. Standard X-rays, computerized axial tomography, 14C analysis, sex attribution using aDNA from bone, and human biological typification through microscopic analysis of hair were performed. Based on our research, the mummy does not show evidence of pathological alterations. It appears to be an adolescent male. It is likely that he lived before the 18th dynasty and belonged to a North African area of Caucasian population, and to a high social class.

Paleopathological study of the Egyptian mummies collected in Italy: the Anubis project

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Ciranni ◽  
Donata Pangoli ◽  
Valentina Giuffra ◽  
DAvide Caramella ◽  
Edda Bresciani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Computed Axial Tomography ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

Eighty-five Egyptian mummies belonging to different dynastic periods and collected in a number of Italian museums, have been censed and submitted for paleopathological research. In most cases the presence of bandages required the application of X- rays and computed axial tomography (CAT). Fifty-two mummies have been studied in situ with Xrays; twelve with CAT scanning. Technical problems kept us from investigating eleven of the censed mummies. In a few cases it was possible to perform autopsies, endoscopy, or histological studies. The mummies submitted for X- rays were divided into two groups: The first group thirty-six mummies studied by the team of Paleopathology-Egyptology of the University of Pisa were studied for the first time. The second group was composed of twenty-six mummies studied elsewhere in Italy. Those results also have been included in the Anubi Project database.

scholarly journals Detection of Artifacts and Its Effects in the Clinical Evaluation of Diagnostic and Therapy CT Images

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Sadiq R Malik ◽  
Shohel Reza ◽  
Shaikh Shofiur Rahman ◽  
Motiur Rahman ◽  
Parvin Akhter Banu
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Cat Scan ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Computerized Axial Tomography

Importance of imaging in all clinical or medical research, and especially, of Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT scan), has demonstrated a unique place in diagnostic or radiation therapy. Two-dimensional images of internal structures of the body are examined and reported. This process of imaging, any anatomical location, viz. head and neck, thorax, pelvis, etc. takes about 30 seconds to perform with a minimal dose of less than 1.6- 2.0 mGy. The images are constructed by the hardware with software algorithm, using the attenuation and absorption of X rays of tissues, of varying electron densities of the anatomical structures. Sometimes a contrast dye is injected to a patient intravenously, rectally or orally, to make hollow or fluid-filled structures such as blood vessels more visible. Radiologists and radiation oncologists are confronted with a task to delineate the information of the CT images to a meaningful diagnosis. The images are, therefore, valuable for diagnostic reports, some of these may relate to cancerous tumors and tissues. Cancer treatment, radiation therapy or else, from such observations may start. But an artifact and distortion on such images will contribute to erroneous and/or unusable interpretations in offering a clinical report to provide wrong clinical decisions. The implications of the presence of distortion in CT images is, for a patient, described here so as to instruct the experts, in medical and clinical fields, to rectify the situation in acquiring a sharp and flawless image or in reaching the correct clinical goal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v2i1.17789 Delta Med Col J. Jan 2014; 2(1): 3-8

Computerized Axial Tomography in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-404
Author(s):  
Kunimitsu Yamamoto ◽  
Tadahiro Mihara ◽  
Eiki Kobayashi ◽  
Kenji Yamashita ◽  
Tetsuhiko Asakura
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Computerized Axial Tomography

Computerized axial tomography for the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lamas ◽  
J. Estevez ◽  
M. Soto ◽  
S. Obrador
Keyword(s):  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Computerized Axial Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Cysticercosis

scholarly journals Psittacosis in a highly endemic area in Italy

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maffei ◽  
A. Marracino ◽  
F. Di Stanislao ◽  
P. Pauri ◽  
M. Clementi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
The University ◽  
Microimmunofluorescence Test

SUMMARYIn one locality in Italy where the incidence of psittacosis has increased rapidly since 1980, a hospital-based study and a seroepidemiological survey were carried out in order to define the clinical and epidemiological features of psittacosis in that area.Registers of the Virology Unit of the University of Ancona, Italy, were reviewed and all hospitalized patients with a serological diagnosis of psittacosis were identified. A total of 76 cases were found and studied. A presumptive bird source was identified in 80% of 62 patients, on whom a detailed investigation had been possible. Poultry represented the most frequent probable source of infection. Clinically, the predominant pattern of illness was a moderately severe lower respiratory tract infection, with chest X-rays showing pulmonary shadowings in 68 patients (89%).In the seroepidemiological study, 51 out of 143 subjects were exposed to birds (35·7%), but only 7 out of 90 urban adult blood donors (7·3%) were positive for chlamydial antibodies using the microimmunofluorescence test.

scholarly journals USE OF COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY OF THE HEAD AND NECK REGION

1977 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo V. Gould ◽  
Charles W. Cummings ◽  
Daniel D. Rabuzzi ◽  
George F. Reed ◽  
Chung T. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Computerized Axial Tomography

Development of Standard X-Ray Beams for Calibration of Radiobiology Cabinet and Conformal Irradiators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. King ◽  
Natalie N. Viscariello ◽  
Larry A. DeWerd
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Dose Determination ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Accurate Dose ◽  
The University

This work seeks to develop standard X-ray beams that are matched to radiobiology X-ray irradiators. The calibration of detectors used for dose determination of these irradiators is performed with a set of standard X rays that are more heavily filtered and/or lower energy, which leads to a higher uncertainty in the dose measurement. Models of the XRad320, SARRP, and the X-ray tube at the University of Wisconsin Medical Radiation Research Center (UWMRRC) were created using the BEAMnrc user code of the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code system. These models were validated against measurements, and the resultant modeled spectra were used to determine the amount of added filtration needed to match the X-ray beams at the UWMRRC to those of the XRad320 and SARRP. The depth profiles and half-value layer (HVL) simulations performed using BEAMnrc agreed to measurements within 3% and 3.6%, respectively. A primary measurement device, a free-air chamber, was developed to measure air kerma in the medium energy range of X rays. The resultant spectra of the matched beams had HVL's that matched the HVL's of the radiobiology irradiators well within the 3% criteria recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the average energies agreed within 2.4%. In conclusion, three standard X-ray beams were developed at the UWMRRC with spectra that more closely match the spectra of the XRad320 and SARRP radiobiology irradiators, which will aid in a more accurate dose determination during calibration of these irradiators.

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