scholarly journals Behavioural responses of juvenile Daphnia magna to two organophosphorus insecticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Di Nica ◽  
Cristiana Rizzi ◽  
Antonio Finizio ◽  
Lorenzo Ferraro ◽  
Sara Villa
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Time Response ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Active Time ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Average Acceleration

In this study, the behaviour of Daphnia magna was studied under equipotent and sub-lethal concentrations of two pesticides congeners: chlorpyrifos (CPF; 5 ng L-1 to 50 ng L-1) and chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPF-m; 30 ng L-1 to 300 ng L-1) with aims to assess and compare the behavioural swimming responses (BSRs) of the cladocerans elicited by both compounds at different concentrations and exposure times. A video tracking analysis after 24 h and 48 h of exposure allowed us to evaluate different behavioural responses (distance moved, average velocity, active time, and average acceleration). The results indicate that BSRs are sensitive indicators of sub-lethal stress. Highly concentration- and time-response changes for both compounds were observed during the experiments. In particular, in the first 24 h of exposure, both compounds elicited a similar decreasing trend in swimming behaviour, in which CPF induced the highest decline. Further, hypoactivity was associated with the narcotic effects of both compounds. Conversely, after 48 h of exposure, we observed an increasing tendency in the swimming parameters, particularly at the highest tested concentrations. However, the compounds did not exhibit the same trend. Rather, CPF-m induced high variations from the control groups. This reversal trend could be due to the activation of compensatory mechanisms, such as feeding, searching, or avoidance behaviours. These results suggest that BSRs are measurable active responses of organisms, which are controlled by time.

scholarly journals Effects of a treated sewage effluent on behavioural traits in Diamesa cinerella and Daphnia magna

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Villa ◽  
Valeria Di Nica ◽  
Francesco Bellamoli ◽  
Tanita Pescatore ◽  
Claudia Ferrario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Cumulative Distance ◽  
Treated Effluent

Recently, the use of Daphnia magna has been proposed in on-line and real-time biomonitoring programmes as an early warning system for evaluating the effluent quality of sewage treatment plants (STPs). These systems are based on recording behavioural changes in the test organism resulting from the stress caused by the effluents. Indeed, altered behavioural signals could be induced at sublethal concentrations that are significantly lower than the corresponding EC50. However, at present, it is unknown whether the sensitivity of D. magna can be representative of that of other aquatic organisms, particularly benthic macroinvertebrates. An experiment was designed to verify whether D. magna can be employed in biomonitoring programmes for STPs located in alpine areas as a surrogate for cold freshwater best-adapted species. The responses of survival and behaviour alteration to exposure to the effluent of the Tonale Pass plant (Trentino, Italian Alps, 46°N, 10°E; 1799 m a.s.l.) were compared in a laboratory population of D. magna and a wild population of the chironomid Diamesa cinerella. These larvae were collected from the Vermigliana stream 50 metres upstream of the effluent input. Both organisms were exposed for 24 and 48 hrs to the effluent as it is and to three dilutions (/10, /100, /1000). The mortality rate and behavioural responses (using video tracking systems) were recorded. No significant mortality or change in behaviour was observed in the two species when exposed to the undiluted effluent. Exposure to serial dilutions of the treated effluent did not affect the survival of either species but notably altered their behaviour at both exposure times (e.g., the time spent in activity in D. magna and the average speed of movement and the cumulative distance travelled in both), especially when exposed to the ten-times-diluted effluent. Overall, the findings of this study emphasize that even though D. magna and D. cinerella use different behavioural strategies to cope with adverse environmental conditions, their overall sensitivity to treated effluents is similar. Accordingly, the use of D. magna in biological early warning systems protocols seems to also be sufficiently protective for local, cold-adapted species of alpine freshwater ecosystems.

Oculomotor Control in Amputee Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Wojciech Jedziniak ◽  
Piotr Lesiakowski ◽  
Teresa Zwierko
Keyword(s):  
Average Velocity ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Average Acceleration ◽  
Saccade Duration ◽  
Extensive Practice

The authors investigated the dynamics of saccadic parameters during a stationary oculomotor target task in amputee soccer players (n = 16), able-bodied soccer players (n = 16), and nonathletic control subjects (n = 16). Eye movements during the visual-search tasks were recorded binocularly using a mobile eye-tracking system, and the gaze parameters were analyzed (fixation duration, saccade duration, saccade amplitude, saccade average acceleration, saccade peak deceleration, saccade average velocity, and ocular mobility index). The average saccade acceleration in the amputee soccer players was significantly lower than in the able-bodied players (p = .021). Other saccade characteristics in disabled athletes were comparable to those of the able-bodied groups. Moreover, the able-bodied soccer players presented faster saccadic parameters than nonathletes in terms of saccade acceleration (p = .002), deceleration (p = .015), and velocity (p = .009). The modification of oculomotor functions may result from extensive practice and participation in ball games. The authors’ hypothesis that oculomotor functions in amputee soccer players may be impaired was not fully confirmed.

scholarly journals Using a new high-throughput video-tracking platform to assess behavioural changes in Daphnia magna exposed to neuro-active drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima C.P. Simão ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo ◽  
Victor Blasco ◽  
Francesc Moreno ◽  
Josep M. Porta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Behavioural Changes

Basic Beijing Twenty-Four Forms of T'ai Chi Exercise and Average Velocity of Sway

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiping Shih
Keyword(s):  
Average Velocity ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
T'ai Chi ◽  
T’Ai Chi

To examine the effect of 16 weeks of T'ai Chi exercise on the average velocity of sway 11 subjects were pre- and posttested by using the AMTI force platform. Analysis indicated that T'ai Chi exercise was associated with substantial changes in the sway velocities in anterior and posterior directions for the group but was not assessed against any control groups' performance. That remains to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Analisis Pergerakan Vertikal Titik Pantau Jembatan Penggaron, Kabupaten Semarang, Propinsi Jawa Tengah

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Yacob Victor Hayer ◽  
T Aris Sunantyo ◽  
Nurrohmat Widjajanti
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Bridge Monitoring ◽  
Average Acceleration ◽  
Two Parameter

Penggaron bridge toll highway is located in road Semarang-Ungaran, 20th kilometer in the Susukan region, East Ungaran, Semarang regency, Central Java province. Penggaron bridge has a 400 m length and nine pillars that support the weight of the bridge. This bridge has began operation since 2010. The bridge visually deformed as indicated by small cracks in the pillars of the bridge. Natural factors such as unstable soil conditions are suspected as the cause of deformation. To minimize and prevent damage that may occur on the bridge then the Penggaron bridge deformation monitoring should be performed. Therefore, this study analyze the vertical movement on the Penggaron bridge using height difference observation data by waterpass in 2014 s.d. 2015.  This study used  four epoch height different observation data on the 18 bridge monitoring points. The 18 monitoring bridges points was tied to two reference points around the bridge. These observation data is processed by Least Squares Adjustment parameter method to get the height and its standard deviation, vertical movement and its standard deviation, vertical movement velocity and its standard deviation as well as average velocity and average acceleration on every bridge monitoring points on each epoch. The next step includes the computation and analysis of vertical movement, as well as the significance of two parameter different test. The results of this study are the vertical movement vector of the 18 monitoring points with magnitude from 3,1 mm to 170,3 mm with the majority down direction. The vertical movement velocity has a range between 3,05 mm/month to  89,35 mm/month with the movement direction tends to downward. The average velocity of vertical movement for epoch I and II is 7,08 mm/month, epoch II and III is 4,93 mm/month, epoch I and  III is 6,00 mm/month, epoch III and IV is 6,03 mm/month, epoch I and IV is 1,29 mm/month with the movement direction tends to downward. The average  acceleration of vertical movement for epoch I and II is 7,08 mm/month2, epoch II and III is 4,93 mm/month2, epoch I and III is 3,00 mm/month2, epoch III and IV is 6,03 mm/month2. The majority of the significance of two parameter different test parameters is rejected, it means that monitoring points had a significant movement.  

Hepatocyte Alterations in Guinea Pigs FED Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Dibenzodioxins (PCDD), AND DIBENZOFURANS (PCDF)

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
J. N. Turner ◽  
D. N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cooling Fluid

A fire involving an electric service transformer and its cooling fluid, a mixture of PCBs and chlorinated benzenes, contaminated an office building with a fine soot. Chemical analysis showed PCDDs and PCDFs including the highly toxic tetra isomers. Guinea pigs were chosen as an experimental animal to test the soot's toxicity because of their sensitivity to these compounds, and the liver was examined because it is a target organ. The soot was suspended in 0.75% methyl cellulose and administered in a single dose by gavage at levels of 1,10,100, and 500mgm soot/kgm body weight. Each dose group was composed of 6 males and 6 females. Control groups included 12 (6 male, 6 female) animals fed activated carbon in methyl cellulose, 6 males fed methyl cellulose, and 16 males and 10 females untreated. The guinea pigs were sacrificed at 42 days by suffocation in CO2. Liver samples were immediately immersed and minced in 2% gluteraldehyde in cacadylate buffer at pH 7.4 and 4°C. After overnight fixation, samples were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in cacodylate for 1 hr at room temperature, embedded in epon, sectioned and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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