Etica ed estetica per l’anoressia / Ethics and aesthetics for anorexia

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-436
Author(s):  
Paolo Marino Cattorini

L’anoressia nervosa rischia di venir fraintesa, etichettandola come mero disturbo neurobiologico e affrontandola con tattiche assistenziali, che mirano semplicemente alla rapida correzione del peso. Un approccio fenomenologico coglie invece nel disturbo alimentare una strategia di liberazione, per quanto rischiosa e piena di contraddizioni. Nel presente articolo abbiamo indicato tre dimensioni etiche ed estetiche di questa pericolosa trasformazione di sé. L’anoressica scolpisce il corpo in forme dissonanti, al modo di una body artist; ella scrive nella carne la propria storia alla luce di un mito affettivo, che la guida come un racconto esemplare di formazione; infine l’anoressica prova per il cibo il disgusto che ella vive nei confronti di relazioni mancate di cui ha ancora disperata fame. La persona che soffre tenta di dirigere perfezionisticamente, attraverso la malattia, una trasformazione individuale, imbattendosi in un mondo di oggetti trasfigurati (fra cui i cibi, le sostanze alimentari), un mondo simile a quello istituito dall’arte contemporanea. Per questi motivi, il lavoro medico-psicologico condotto sui disturbi alimentari è più efficace quando si posseggono competenze in ambito umanistico, particolarmente di ordine etico ed estetico. ---------- Anorexia nervosa risks being misunderstood by labelling it merely as a neurobiological disorder or by tackling it only with behavioral advice, in order to rapidly achieve some weight gain. On the contrary, a phenomenological approach recognizes in an eating disorder also an ethical strategy of liberation, although it may well be risky and full of contradictions. This article indicates three ethical and aesthetic dimensions of this dangerous transformation of self-image. Anorexia sculpts the body in dissonant forms, in the way of a body artist; it writes in the flesh a suffering story in the light of an affective myth, which guides the patient towards an ideal of mature development. Finally, sick people feel the same disgust for food that they experience with regard to missed or damaged relationships of which they still desperately hunger for. Through the illness, an attempt is made to manage in a perfectionist way the bodily transformation, but the result is that they come upon a disquieting world of transfigured objects, a world similar to that established by some contemporary art movements. For these reasons, the medical-psychological work carried out on eating disorders requires competence in the field of medical humanities and particularly in the sphere of ethical and aesthetic education.

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 469-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford W. Sharp

A woman aged 58 who has been blind since the age of nine months presented with major depression and a 40 year history of an eating disorder characterized by a restriction of food intake and body disparagement. The case is additional evidence that a specifically visual body image is not essential for the development of anorexia nervosa and supports the view that the concept of body image is unnecessary and unproductive in eating disorders. Greater emphasis should be placed on attitudes and feelings toward the body, and the possibility of an eating disorder should be considered in cases of older women with an atypical presentation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Sudo

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN), an eating disorder, is characterized by extreme weight loss and fear of weight gain. Psychosocial factors are thought to play important roles in the development and progression of AN; however, biological factors also presumably contribute to eating disorders. Recent evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders including AN. In this article, we describe the possible role of the gut microbiota in the development and persistence of AN, based on the latest research works, including those of our group.


Author(s):  
Kalam Sutandar

The chapter on eating disorders in the postpartum addresses the issues of mothers who have anorexia nervosa or binge eating disorders. Women with anorexia nervosa may become particularly upset about the weight gain that comes with pregnancy. Extreme dieting may make them weak and have problems focusing on the baby’s needs. Warning signs include dieting that is associated with decreasing weight goals, increase in criticism of one’s body, social isolation, amenorrhea, and purging. They may also restrict the nutrition of their baby. Women with binge eating disorder may suffer secretly as they may not have abnormal weights. Hiding away to binge may interfere with care of the infant.


Author(s):  
Susan McElroy ◽  
Anna I. Guerdjikova ◽  
Nicole Mori ◽  
Paul E. Keck

This chapter addresses the pharmacotherapy of the eating disorders (EDs). Many persons with EDs receive pharmacotherapy, but pharmacotherapy research for EDs has lagged behind that for other major mental disorders. This chapter first provides a brief rationale for using medications in the treatment of EDs. It then reviews the data supporting the effectiveness of specific medications or medication classes in treating patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other potentially important EDs, such as night eating syndrome (NES). It concludes by summarizing these data and suggesting future areas for research in the pharmacotherapy of EDs.


Author(s):  
Pamela Keel

The epidemiology of eating disorders holds important clues for understanding factors that may contribute to their etiology. In addition, epidemiological findings speak to the public health significance of these deleterious syndromes. Information on course and outcome are important for clinicians to understand the prognosis associated with different disorders of eating and for treatment planning. This chapter reviews information on the epidemiology and course of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and two forms of eating disorder not otherwise specified, binge eating disorder and purging disorder.


Author(s):  
Susan L. McElroy ◽  
Anna I. Guerdjikova ◽  
Anne M. O’Melia ◽  
Nicole Mori ◽  
Paul E. Keck

Many persons with eating disorders (EDs) receive pharmacotherapy, but pharmacotherapy research for EDs has lagged behind that for other major mental disorders. In this chapter, we first provide a brief rationale for using medications in the treatment of EDs. We then review the data supporting the effectiveness of specific medications or medication classes in treating patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder (BED), and other potentially important EDs, such as night eating syndrome (NES) and sleep-related eating disorder (SRED). We conclude by summarizing these data and suggesting future areas for research in the pharmacotherapy of EDs.


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Steward ◽  
Gemma Mestre-Bach ◽  
Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz ◽  
Zaida Agüera ◽  
Susana Jiménez-Murcia ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Tate ◽  
Shengxin Liu ◽  
Ruyue Zhang ◽  
Zeynep Yilmaz ◽  
Janne T. Larsen ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE <p>To ascertain the association and co-aggregation of eating disorders and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in families. </p> <p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</p> <p>Using population samples from national registers in Sweden (n= 2 517 277) and Demark (n= 1 825 920) we investigated the within-individual association between type 1 diabetes and EDs, and their familial co-aggregation among full siblings, half-siblings, full cousins, and half-cousins. Based on clinical diagnoses we classified eating disorders (EDs) into: any eating disorder (AED), anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa (AN), and other eating disorder (OED). Associations were determined with hazard ratios (HR) with confidence intervals (CI) from Cox regressions. </p> <p>RESULTS</p> <pre>Swedish and Danish individuals with a type 1 diabetes diagnosis had a greater risk of receiving an ED diagnosis (HR [95% CI] Sweden: AED 2.02 [1.80 – 2.27], AN 1.63 [1.36 – 1.96], OED 2.34 [2.07 – 2.63]; Denmark: AED 2.19 [1.84 – 2.61], AN 1.78 [1.36 – 2.33], OED 2.65 [2.20 – 3.21]). We also meta-analyzed the results: AED 2.07 [1.88 – 2.28], AN 1.68 [1.44 – 1.95], OED 2.44 [2.17 – 2.72]. There was an increased risk of receiving an ED diagnosis in full siblings in the Swedish cohort (AED 1.25 [1.07 – 1.46], AN 1.28 [1.04 – 1.57], OED 1.28 [1.07 – 1.52]), these results were non-significant in the Danish cohort.</pre> <p>CONCLUSION</p> <p>Patients with 1 diabetes are at a higher risk of subsequent EDs; however, there is conflicting support for the relationship between having a sibling with type 1 diabetes and ED diagnosis. Diabetes healthcare teams should be vigilant for disordered eating behaviors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. </p>


Author(s):  
Marco La Marra ◽  
Walter Sapuppo ◽  
Giorgio Caviglia

The aim of this study has been to investigate the dissociative phenomena and the difficulties related to perceive, understand and describe the proper ones and other people's emotional states in a sample of 53 patients with Eating Disorders. The recruited sample is made by 14 Anorexia Nervosa (AN) patients, 15 with Bulimia Nervosa (BN), 12 with Eating Disorder Non Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) and 12 with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). To all subjects was administred the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Scala Alessitimica Romana. In according with literature, we confirme the relationships among Eating Disorders, the dissociative phenomena and Alexithymia.


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