scholarly journals Allergen-specific immunotherapy: an update on immunological mechanisms of action

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ciprandi ◽  
G.L. Marseglia ◽  
M.A. Tosca
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Igg4 ◽  
History Of

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only treatment able to modify the natural history of the allergic subjects. Several aspects of the immunopathological response modified by SIT have been investigated; the first parameter historically studied was the production of allergen-specific antibodies. An increase of allergen-specific IgG4 and a decrease of IgE appear after SIT. A shift from Th2-polarized immune response toward Th1-oriented pattern has been reported after SIT. More recently, a crucial role for a subpopulation of T cells has been evidenced: T regulatory cells (Treg). Allergic patients have a defect of Tregs. SIT is able of inducing a specific Treg response. Sublingual immunotherapy is an alternative route of administration for SIT. Recent evidence shows that SLIT is also able of inducing a Treg response as detected by IL- 10 production.

Mechanisms of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: T-Regulatory Cells and More

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Verhagen ◽  
Kurt Blaser ◽  
Cezmi A. Akdis ◽  
Mübeccel Akdis
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy

T Regulatory Cells in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 533-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Verhagen ◽  
Alison Taylor ◽  
Kurt Blaser ◽  
Mübeccel Akdis ◽  
Cezmi A. Akdis
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy

Immunotheraphy in Allergic Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1174-1194
Author(s):  
Albert Roger ◽  
Maria Basagana ◽  
Aina Teniente-Serra ◽  
Nathalie Depreux ◽  
Yanina Jurgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
World Population ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Special Case

The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing worldwide. It is estimated that more than 30% of the world population is now affected by one or more allergic conditions and a high proportion of this increase is in young people. The diagnosis of allergy is dependent on a history of symptoms on exposure to an allergen together with the detection of allergen-specific IgE. Accurate diagnosis of allergies opens up therapeutic options. Allergen specific immunotherapy is the only successful disease-modifying therapy for IgE-mediated allergic diseases. New therapeutic strategies have been developed or are currently under clinical trials. Besides new routes of administration, new types of allergens are being developed. The use of adjuvants may amplify the immune response towards tolerance to the antigens. In this review, we analyze different antigen-specific immunotherapies according to administration route, type of antigens and adjuvants, and we address the special case of food allergy.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SAFETY OF SUBLINGUAL AND PARENTERAL IMMUNOTHERAPY METHODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 736-744
Author(s):  
Ulbossyn SALTABAYEVA ◽  
Alexei YUMASHEV
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Hay Fever ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Good Substitute

Among a significant number of allergies, the most common among children and adults is pollen allergy. Pollen allergies primarily lead to irritation of the nose and eyes, but can also cause headaches, weakness, fatigue, and decreased attention span. In an acute allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock can occur, that is, a lifethreatening sharp drop in blood pressure. These and many other consequences of allergic reactions imply the need to create drugs that could cure a person of allergies or stop the manifestation of allergen reactions. The aim of the article was to study the safety of allergen-specific immunotherapy. The research methods included an analysis of the comparison of the effectiveness of two immunotherapy methods, a comparison of the safety of sublingual and parenteral methods of administering allergic vaccines, a comparative assessment of the safety of types of allergen-specific immunotherapy. The study involved 228 patients with varying severity of hay fever, among whom were children from 5 to 18 years old and an adult population (113 patients were men, 115 were women). The study revealed that sublingual immunotherapy increases the safety of treatment and is a good substitute for parenteral immunotherapy, especially in children. The studies have also confirmed well-known scientific evidence on the safety of sublingual immunotherapy in patients with hay fever. It was concluded that sublingual immunotherapy increases the safety of treatment and is a good substitute for the parenteral allergenspecific immunotherapy method, especially in pediatric patients, while having several advantages, such as a significant reduction in adverse reactions, high potency, and a convenient mode of administration, greater patient commitment and trust in treatment, and the elimination of infection transmission.

Regulatory cells in allergen-specific immunotherapy

Immunotherapy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B Soyka ◽  
David Holzmann ◽  
Cezmi A Akdis
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy

scholarly journals CD8+ T regulatory cells in lupus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Ram P. Singh ◽  
David S. Bischoff ◽  
Bevra H. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Self Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Phenotypes

Abstract T regulatory cells (Tregs) have a key role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the regulation of immune tolerance by preventing the inflammation and suppressing the autoimmune responses. Numerical and functional deficits of these cells have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and mouse models of SLE, where their imbalance and dysregulated activities have been reported to significantly influence the disease pathogenesis, progression and outcomes. Most studies in SLE have focused on CD4+ Tregs and it has become clear that a critical role in the control of immune tolerance after the breakdown of self-tolerance is provided by CD8+ Tregs. Here we review the role, cellular and molecular phenotypes, and mechanisms of action of CD8+ Tregs in SLE, including ways to induce these cells for immunotherapeutic modulation in SLE.

scholarly journals A comparison of different methods of the allergen-specific immunotherapy in patients with pollinosis: the results of open randomized study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
A Y Nasunova ◽  
N M Nenasheva
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis ◽  
Nasal Lavage ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Specific Igg4

Background. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is viewed as the only treatment that influences all patho-genetically significant parts of the allergic process in the initial and late phases of the IgE-mediated allergic reaction and modifies the abnormal immune reactivity to a specific allergen. Currently, sublingual (SLIT) and subcutaneous (SCIT) immunotherapy are most commonly used in clinical practice. Despite long experience of sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy application, questions remain about the preferred ASIT method and comparative effectiveness of different ASIT methods. This article evaluates the efficacy, benefits of SCIT and SLIT and highlights new findings related mechanisms and potential biomarkers. The aim of the study. To evaluate the comparative efficacy of different methods of ASIT (subcutaneous and sublingual) based on clinical data and biomarkers in the blood serum and other biological fluids in adult patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (with/without asthma). Materials and methods. 60 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (with/without asthma) aged 18 to 50 were randomly assigned to 3 groups treated by sublingual immunotherapy with extracts of allergens, subcutaneous immunotherapy with extracts of allergens and subcutaneous with modified allergens (allergoids) respectively. Results. The efficiency of the first course of preseason ASIT (SCIT and SLIT) with extracts of allergens and aller-goids in the control of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (with/without asthma) was demonstrated. After the end of the first year pre-season ASIT data analysis scales (Total Symptom Score -TSS, Medircation Score -MS) revealed the best performance in the group of patients receiving SCIT with allergoids compared with patients receiving the SLIT with extracts of allergens: the scales of the TSS (p=0.023), MS (p=0.002). In addition, at the end of the maintenance phase of ASIT in patients treated with SCIT with allergoids the level of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) in the nasal lavage decreased by 22% (p=0.012), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the nasal lavage increased by 70% (p=0.001), interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum increased by 126% (p=0.006), allergen-specific IgG4 increased by 42% (p=0.01) from the initial values, that correlates with a decrease in the severity of clinical manifestations. In pollen season ECP level in nasal lavage was significantly (p=0.007) lower in a group of patients who received SCIT with allergoids compared with patients who received the SLIT with extracts of allergens. The most significant changes of serum level of IL-10 in the pollen season occurred in a group of patients receiving SCIT with allergoids compared with patients who received SLIT (p=0.013) and SCIT (p=0.001) with extracts of allergens. Conclusion. The study results deepen the existing understanding of the mechanisms of SCIT and SLIT. They allow to develop a comprehensive assessment of the therapy efficacy scheme based on clinical parameters and on monitoring of local (ECP, sIgA) and systemic biomarkers (IL-10, allergen-specific IgG4) as well.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document