scholarly journals Prolonged Rest, Long-Term Dynamic Balance, and Gait in a Mouse Ankle-Sprain Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 801-807
Author(s):  
Erik A. Wikstrom ◽  
Tricia Hubbard-Turner ◽  
Ashley Duncan ◽  
Jason Cline ◽  
Michael J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Short And Long Term

Context Lateral ankle sprains (LASs) result in short- and long-term adaptations in the sensorimotor system that are thought to contribute to the development of chronic ankle instability and posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis. Debate continues as to the appropriateness of rapid return to sport after LASs given the prevalence of long-term consequences. Objective To examine the short- and long-term effects of prolonged rest, as a model of immobilization, on dynamic balance and gait outcomes after a severe LAS in a mouse model. Design Controlled laboratory study. Setting Research laboratory. Intervention(s) At 7 weeks of age, 18 male mice (CBA/J) had their right anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments transected. Mice were then randomized to 1 of 3 groups representing when access to a running wheel postsurgery was gained: at 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks. Main Outcome Measure(s) Dynamic balance and spatial gait characteristics were quantified before surgery (baseline) and at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, and 54 weeks postinjury. Results Relative to prolonged rest, resting for only 3 days resulted in worse dynamic balance during the later assessment points (42–54 weeks postinjury, P < .01). Mice that underwent a prolonged rest period of 2 weeks crossed the balance beam faster than the group that rested for only 3 days when averaged across all time points (P < .012). Spatial gait characteristics did not differ among the groups (P > .05). Conclusions Relative to 3 days of rest, prolonged rest (1 and 2 weeks) after a severe LAS in mice positively affected balance. The apparent benefit of prolonged rest was noted on both dynamic-balance outcomes and performance. Stride length was not altered by the duration of rest after a surgically induced severe LAS in mice. Future research is needed to determine if these results translate to a human model.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Sustainable Energy Development: Agendas for Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Kevin Lo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Development Agendas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Key Questions

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a massive impact on and may fundamentally change the pathways and trajectories of sustainable energy development. This article examines the impact of COVID-19 on Asia’s sustainable energy development and proposes agendas for future energy research in response to the pandemic. The review and research agendas are oriented towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. The following three key questions need to be addressed by researchers: (1) In what ways does COVID-19 make sustainable energy development more important than ever? (2) What are the short- and long-term effects of COVID-19 on sustainable energy development? (3) How can responses to COVID-19 meet the objectives of sustainable energy development?

scholarly journals The short and long-term implications of warming and increased sea water pCO2  on the physiological response of a temperate neogastropod species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Loreto Mardones ◽  
Sven Thatje ◽  
Phillip Fenberg ◽  
Chris Hauton
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Global average temperatures and sea water pCO2 have rapidly increased due to the oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide producing severe consequences for a broad range of species. The impacts on marine ectotherms have been largely reported at short-term scales (i.e. from days to weeks); however, the prolonged effects on long-term processes such as reproduction have received little attention. The gastropod Ocenebra erinaceus is a key predator structuring communities on rocky shores of the French and UK coasts. Even though rocky shore species are regarded as being very tolerant to changes in temperature and pH, many of them are living near their upper tolerance limits, making them susceptible to rapid environmental changes. Here, we report that future mean sea water conditions (RCP8.5, + 3°C and ~ 900 µatm CO2) do not significantly affect the physiology and molecular response of O. erinaceus adults after 132 days. During the first fifty-days, there was a slight impact on oxygen consumption rates and body weight; however, after ninety-five days of exposure, gastropods relied on food resources to fully acclimate to the experimental condition. Despite this, it was after long-term exposure (~ 10 months) reproduction ceased in females exposed to these future sea water conditions. Therefore, in the short-term O. erinaceus appear to be capable of full compensation; however, in the long-term, they fail to invest in reproduction. Future research should take into account the combined results from both, short- and long-term effects to improve our projections of the ecological consequences of climate change.

Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Reduced Tire Pressure Initiative

1997 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Davies ◽  
Tami F. Wall ◽  
Allan Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Short And Long Term

After examination of the research carried out by other agencies, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) embarked on an initiative to adapt low tire pressure technologies to the province's needs and environment. The focus of the initiative was to explore several technical questions from SHT's perspective: (a) Can low tire pressures be used to increase truck weights from secondary to primary without increasing road maintenance costs on thin membrane surface roads? (b) What are the short- and long-term effects of tire heating under high-speed/high-deflection constant reduced pressure (CRP) operations in a Saskatchewan environment? (c) What effects do lower tire pressures have on vehicle stability at highway speeds? To date, significant opportunities have been noted on local hauls (less than 30 min loaded at highway speeds) for CRP operation and long primary highway hauls that begin or end in relatively short secondary highway sections that limit vehicle weight allowed for the whole trip for central tire inflation technology. The background and environment for the initiative and the investigations and demonstrations envisioned and undertaken are briefly outlined.

The Neurobiology of Pain

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-414
Author(s):  
Maria Fitzgerald ◽  
Michael W. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Age And Sex

The influence of development and sex on pain perception has long been recognized but only recently has it become clear that this is due to specific differences in underlying pain neurobiology. This chapter summarizes the evidence for mechanistic differences in male and female pain biology and for functional changes in pain pathways through infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. It describes how both developmental age and sex determine peripheral nociception, spinal and brainstem processing, brain networks, and neuroimmune pathways in pain. Finally, the chapter discusses emerging evidence for interactions between sex and development and the importance of sex in the short- and long-term effects of early life pain.

Capabilities of Bottom of the Pyramid Organizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000765032110018
Author(s):  
Farley Simon Nobre ◽  
Rodrigo L. Morais-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Responsible Management ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Short And Long Term

Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) organizations are the ones that develop a set of capabilities that contribute to create short- and long-term sustainability values inside and outside the boundaries of BoP ecosystems. Capabilities have an important role in BoP organizations’ strategies that aim to solve BoP issues. Notwithstanding its developments, BoP research still lacks theoretical contributions for the analysis of organizations. We suggest special attention to the need of advancing knowledge on capabilities of BoP organizations because this field is scattered and fragmented, misinterpreted, and still underdeveloped in the literature. We oriented our research formulating and seeking answers to our main question on what are the capabilities needed to enable organizations to create sustainability values in BoP ecosystems? We conducted an integrative review of BoP research for the period from 1998 to 2019, and we found 22 key capabilities of BoP organizations. We organized the capabilities into four major categories including BoP Responsible Consumption, BoP Responsible Business Model, BoP Responsible Management, and BoP Responsible Innovation. We advanced propositions and discussions regarding the capabilities and major categories’ popularity, interdependence and combination, short- and long-term temporal functions, sustainability roles, and effectiveness to address BoP issues. Our article organizes the field of capabilities of BoP organizations; advances contributions and implications for management, organizations, and policymaking; and opens fruitful avenues for future research.

Small-Scale Deliberation and Mass Democracy: A Systematic Review of the Spillover Effects of Deliberative Minipublics

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110072
Author(s):  
Ramon van der Does ◽  
Vincent Jacquet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mass Democracy

Deliberative minipublics are popular tools to address the current crisis in democracy. However, it remains ambiguous to what degree these small-scale forums matter for mass democracy. In this study, we ask the question to what extent minipublics have “spillover effects” on lay citizens—that is, long-term effects on participating citizens and effects on non-participating citizens. We answer this question by means of a systematic review of the empirical research on minipublics’ spillover effects published before 2019. We identify 60 eligible studies published between 1999 and 2018 and provide a synthesis of the empirical results. We show that the evidence for most spillover effects remains tentative because the relevant body of empirical evidence is still small. Based on the review, we discuss the implications for democratic theory and outline several trajectories for future research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document