scholarly journals Eccentric Hip Muscle Function in Females With and Without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Marche Baldon ◽  
Theresa Helissa Nakagawa ◽  
Thiago Batista Muniz ◽  
César Ferreira Amorim ◽  
Carlos Dias Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Torque Values

Abstract Context: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common knee condition in athletes. Recently, researchers have indicated that factors proximal to the knee, including hip muscle weakness and motor control impairment, contribute to the development of PFPS. However, no investigators have evaluated eccentric hip muscle function in people with PFPS. Objective: To compare the eccentric hip muscle function between females with PFPS and a female control group. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Musculoskeletal laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Two groups of females were studied: a group with PFPS (n  =  10) and a group with no history of lower extremity injury or surgery (n  =  10). Intervention(s): Eccentric torque of the hip musculature was evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer. Main Outcome Measure(s): Eccentric hip abduction, adduction, and external and internal rotation peak torque were measured and expressed as a percentage of body mass (Nm/kg × 100). We also evaluated eccentric hip adduction to abduction and internal to external rotation torque ratios. The peak torque value of 5 maximal eccentric contractions was used for calculation. Two-tailed, independent-samples t tests were used to compare torque results between groups. Results: Participants with PFPS exhibited much lower eccentric hip abduction (t18  =  −2.917, P  =  .008) and adduction (t18  =  −2.764, P  =  .009) peak torque values than did their healthy counterparts. No differences in eccentric hip external (t18  =  0.45, P  =  .96) or internal (t18  =  −0.742, P  =  .47) rotation peak torque values were detected between the groups. The eccentric hip adduction to abduction torque ratio was much higher in the PFPS group than in the control group (t18  =  2.113, P  =  .04), but we found no difference in the eccentric hip internal to external rotation torque ratios between the 2 groups (t18  =  −0.932, P  =  .36). Conclusions: Participants with PFPS demonstrated lower eccentric hip abduction and adduction peak torque and higher eccentric adduction to abduction torque ratios when compared with control participants. Thus, clinicians should consider eccentric hip abduction strengthening exercises when developing rehabilitation programs for females with PFPS.

The Role of Hip Muscle Function in the Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Tyler ◽  
Stephen J. Nicholas ◽  
Michael J. Mullaney ◽  
Malachy P. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Hip Muscle

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Strength and Mechanics during Jumping in Women with Patellofemoral Pain

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Willson ◽  
Irene S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Hip Abduction

Context:Lower extremity (LE) weakness might be associated with altered mechanics during weight bearing in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).Objective:To analyze LE strength, mechanics, and the association between these variables among women with and without PFPS during a simulated athletic task.Design:Case control.Setting:Motion-analysis laboratory.Subjects:20 women with PFPS and 20 healthy women.Main Outcome Measures:Peak isometric lateral trunk-flexion, hip-abduction, hip external-rotation, knee-flexion, and knee-extension strength, as well as hip- and knee-joint excursions and angular impulses during single-leg jumps.Results:PFPS subjects produced less hip-abduction, hip external-rotation, and trunk lateral-flexion force than the control group. The PFPS group also demonstrated greater hip-adduction excursion and hip-abduction impulses. The association between the strength measurements and LE mechanics was low.Conclusions:Women with PFPS demonstrate specific weaknesses and altered LE mechanics. Weakness is not, however, highly correlated with observed differences in mechanics.

scholarly journals REVIEW: PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 324-331
Author(s):  
Pratigya Deuja ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Patellofemoral Contact Pressure ◽  
Rotation Strength

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a common musculoskeletal condition and a major cause for anterior knee pain. It has been associated with excessive compression between the patella and the lateral femoral condyle. It is one of those overuse disorder that can limit activity of daily living along with participation in sports. The prevalence is more on female than those of male with the ratio of 2:1 and it affect athletic female more solely due to greater internal rotation of femur during running which leads to greater hip adduction. The reason for patellofemoral pain syndrome have been multifactorial increased femoral internal rotation, decreased hip abduction and external rotation strength, decreased VMO function and lateral retinaculum tightness. These factor leads to increase in dynamic Q angle that directly increases patellofemoral contact pressure which map a way to patellofemoral pain syndrome. The literature will have an explanation about altered hip kinetics, kinematics and its association with patellofemoral pain syndrome along with rehab protocol for patients with the same condition.

scholarly journals Combined Hip Abductor and External Rotator Strengthening and Hip Internal Rotator Stretching Improves Pain and Function in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Crossover Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 232596712198972
Author(s):  
Anis Jellad ◽  
Amine Kalai ◽  
Mohamed Guedria ◽  
Mahbouba Jguirim ◽  
Sana Elmhamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Group Standard ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
And Function

Background: Active rehabilitation has an important role in the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Although some studies have shown the benefit of hip-muscle strengthening, the effect of combining hip-muscle stretching with strengthening has not yet been defined. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of combined strengthening of the hip external rotators and abductors and stretching of the hip internal rotators on pain and function in patients with PFPS. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 109 patients with PFPS (75 female and 34 male; mean age, 31.6 ± 10.8 years) were first randomly assigned to protocol A (n = 67) of the A-B arm (AB group; standard rehabilitation) or protocol B (n = 42) of the B-A arm (BA group; standard rehabilitation with strengthening of the hip external rotators and abductors and stretching of the hip internal rotators). Each protocol consisted of 3 sessions a week for 4 weeks. After a washout period, corresponding to a symptom-free period, rehabilitation programs were crossed over. A visual analog scale (VAS) evaluating perceived pain, the Functional Index Questionnaire (FIQ), and the Kujala score were administered at baseline, the end of each rehabilitation protocol, and 12 weeks after the completion of the second protocol for each group. Results: Until the final follow-up, VAS, FIQ, and Kujala scores were significantly improved in both the A-B and B-A arms ( P < .05 for all). Compared with protocol A, protocol B provided significant improvement in terms of pain and function in both the BA (VAS and Kujala; P < .001) and AB (VAS and Kujala; P < .001) groups. Conclusion: Combined strengthening of the hip abductors and external rotators with stretching of the hip internal rotators provided better outcomes, which were maintained for at least 12 weeks, in terms of pain and function in patients with PFPS.

Decreased Pulsatile Blood Flow in the Patella in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1668-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Näslund ◽  
Markus Walden ◽  
Lars-Göran Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Pulsatile Blood Flow ◽  
Level Of Evidence

Background Anterior knee pain without clinical and radiologic abnormalities has primarily been explained from a purely structural view. A recently proposed biologic and homeostatic explanation questions the malalignment theory. No objective measurement of the pathophysiology responsible for changes in local homeostasis has been presented. Hypothesis Flexing the knee joint interferes with the perfusion of the patellar bone in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Study Design Case control study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Pulsatile blood flow in the patella was measured continuously and noninvasively using photoplethysmography. Measurements were made with the patient in a resting position with knee flexion of 20° and after passive knee flexion to 90°. In total, 22 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were examined bilaterally, and 33 subjects with healthy knees served as controls. Results The pulsatile blood flow in the patient group decreased after passive knee flexion from 20° to 90° (systematic change in position, or relative position [RP] = —0.32; 95% confidence interval for RP, —0.48 to —0.17), while the response in the control group showed no distinct pattern (RP = 0.17; 95% confidence interval for RP, —0.05 to 0.31). The difference between the groups was significant (P = .0002). The median change in patients was —26% (interquartile range, 37). Conclusions Pulsatile patellar blood flow in patellofemoral pain syndrome patients is markedly reduced when the knee is being flexed, which supports the previous notion of an ischemic mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of this pain syndrome.

scholarly journals Patellofemoral pain syndrome in female athletes: A review of diagnoses, etiology and treatment options

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Vora ◽  
Emily Curry ◽  
Amanda Chipman ◽  
Elizabeth Matzkin ◽  
Xinning Li
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Management ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Muscle Balance ◽  
Conservative And Surgical Treatment

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common causes of knee pain and is present in females disproportionately more relative to males. PFPS causes tend to be multifactorial in nature and are described in this review. From a review of the current literature, it is clear that there needs to be further research on PFPS in order to better understand the complex etiology of this disorder in both males and females. It is known that females with patellofemoral pain syndrome demonstrate a decrease in abduction, external rotation and extension strength of the affected side compared with healthy patients. Conservative management, including optimizing muscle balance between the vastus medialis and lateralis around the patella along with formal therapy should be the first line of treatment in patients presenting with PFPS. Surgery should be reserved for patients in which all conservative management options have failed. This review aims to guide physicians in accurate clinicaldecision making regarding conservative and surgical treatment options when specifically faced with PFPS in a female athlete. Furthermore, we will discuss the anatomic variants, incidence and prevalence, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of PFPS.

Association between patellofemoral pain syndrome and hip morphology.

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Hugo Machado Sanchez ◽  
Eliane Gouveia de Morais Sanchez ◽  
Savana Brandão Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hip Morphology ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
Unclear Etiology ◽  
And Control

Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common conditions in the knee joint, there still unclear etiology. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association of PFPS with the morphology of the hip. Method/Design: For this study were evaluated 41 university students aged between 18 and 30 years divided into group with PFPS and control group, in which we analyzed the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), length of the lower limbs (LL) away from the patella ASIS bilaterally, lateral bending and iliac slope. Results: After data collection and subsequent tabulation, it was found that the group with PFPS showed contralateral iliac increase the pain (p = 0.01), moreover, was also found to the side of prevalence of pain is the side not dominant (p = 0.00). Conclusions: It can be inferred that there is little relationship between the morphological changes of the hip with the PFPS, as only found a side tilt of the pelvis in volunteer group that reported a previous knee pain.

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