scholarly journals Ankle Strength and Force Sense After a Progressive, 6-Week Strength-Training Program in People With Functional Ankle Instability

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent I. Smith ◽  
Carrie L. Docherty ◽  
Janet Simon ◽  
Joanne Klossner ◽  
John Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
Force Sense

Context: Although strength training is commonly used to rehabilitate ankle injuries, studies investigating the effects of strength training on proprioception have shown conflicting results. Objective: To determine the effects of a 6-week strength-training protocol on force sense and strength development in participants with functional ankle instability. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: University athletic training research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 40 participants with functional ankle instability were recruited. They were randomly placed into a training group (10 men, 10 women: age  =  20.9 ± 2.2 years, height  =  76.4 ± 16.1 cm, mass  =  173.0 ± 7.9 kg) or control group (10 men, 10 women: age  =  20.2 ± 2.1 years, height  =  78.8 ± 24.5 cm, mass  =  173.7 ± 8.2 kg). Intervention(s): Participants in the training group performed strength exercises with the injured ankle 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The protocol consisted of a combination of rubber exercise bands and the Multiaxial Ankle Exerciser, both clinically accepted strengthening methods for ankle rehabilitation. The progression of this protocol provided increasingly resistive exercise as participants changed either the number of sets or resistance of the Thera-Band or Multiaxial Ankle Exerciser. Main Outcome Measure(s): A load cell was used to measure strength and force sense. Inversion and eversion strength was recorded to the nearest 0.01 N. Force-sense reproduction was measured at 2 loads: 20% and 30% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Results: Increases in inversion (F1,38  =  11.59, P < 0.01, ηp2  =  0.23, power  =  0.91) and eversion (F1,38  =  57.68, P < .01, ηp2  =  0.60, power  =  0.99) strength were found in the training group at the posttest when compared with the control group. No significant improvements were noted in force-sense reproduction for either group. Conclusions: Strength training at the ankle increased strength but did not improve force sense.

scholarly journals Effects of TRX Suspension Training on Proprioception and Muscle Strength in Female Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khorjahani ◽  
Masoud Mirmoezzi ◽  
Mina Bagheri ◽  
Mohammad Kalantariyan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

Background: Functional ankle instability (FAI) is a common consequence of ankle sprain injury, especially in high-impact sports. Objectives: To investigate the effect of six weeks of suspension training with total resistance exercises (TRX) on proprioception and muscle strength in female athletes with FAI. Methods: Thirty female athletes with FAI (age: 21.9 ± 2.2 years, height: 169.3 ± 4.2 cm, and weight: 59.8 ± 6.1 kg) were randomly assigned to two equally numbered groups: TRX training and controls based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the pre-test, the anthropometric variables and also proprioception accuracy and muscle strength of subjects were evaluated by joint angle reset test (JART) and manual muscle testing (MMT) in both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion motions. The training group completed three sessions per week with progressive load for six weeks, and each training session lasted 15 - 20 minutes, whilst control subjects continued with their normal activity without special sport activities. After six weeks of training, all tests performed in the pre-test phase were also performed in the post-test phase. The t-test was used for statistic analysis (α ≤ 0.05). Results: The findings showed that TRX training significantly improved the proprioception accuracy (P ≤ 0.001) and muscle strength (P ≤ 0.001) in the training group rather than the control group. No statistically significant difference was found in any of the tests between pre-test and post-test for the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Six weeks of TRX suspension training had a positive effect on strength and proprioception accuracy in female athletes with FAI.

scholarly journals Eccentric Plantar-Flexor Torque Deficits in Participants With Functional Ankle Instability

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Fox ◽  
Carrie L. Docherty ◽  
John Schrader ◽  
Trent Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Context: Inversion ankle sprains can lead to a chronic condition called functional ankle instability (FAI). Limited research has been reported regarding isokinetic measures for the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors of the ankle. Objective: To examine the isokinetic eccentric torque measures of the ankle musculature in participants with stable ankles and participants with functionally unstable ankles during inversion, eversion, plantar flexion, and dorsiflexion. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Athletic training research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty participants with a history of “giving way” were included in the FAI group. Inclusion criteria for the FAI group included a history of at least 1 ankle sprain and repeated episodes of giving way. Twenty participants with no prior history of ankle injury were included in the control group. Intervention(s): Isokinetic eccentric torque was assessed in each participant. Main Outcome Measure(s): Isokinetic eccentric testing was conducted for inversion-eversion and plantar-flexion–dorsiflexion movements. Peak torque values were standardized to each participant's body weight. The average of the 3 trials for each direction was used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant side-by-group interaction was noted for eccentric plantar flexion torque (P < .01). Follow-up t tests revealed a significant difference between the FAI limb in the FAI group and the matched limb in the control group. Additionally, a significant difference was seen between the sides of the control group (P = .03). No significant interactions were identified for eccentric inversion, eversion, or dorsiflexion torques (P > .05). Conclusions: A deficit in plantar flexion torque was identified in the functionally unstable ankles. No deficits were identified for inversion, eversion, or dorsiflexion torque. Therefore, eccentric plantar flexion strength may be an important contributing factor to functional ankle instability.

scholarly journals Functional Performance Testing in Participants With Functional Ankle Instability and in a Healthy Control Group

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Buchanan ◽  
Carrie L. Docherty ◽  
John Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Control

Abstract Context: Functional ankle instability (FAI) affects a large part of the population. Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the existence of functional performance deficits in individuals with FAI. Objective: To examine functional performance in participants with FAI compared with participants in a control group during 2 hopping tests. Design: Case-control study. Settings: Athletic training research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: There were 40 college-aged individuals who participated in our study: 20 with FAI and 20 without FAI. We defined FAI as history of an ankle sprain and residual episodes of “giving way.” Intervention(s): Participants completed 2 functional performance tests (FPTs): the single-limb hopping and the single-limb hurdle tests. Main Outcome Measure(s): Time to complete each test was recorded. Following each FPT, participants were asked if their ankles felt unstable during the test. Results: We found no difference between participants in the FAI and control groups for the hopping or hurdle tests (P > .05). When asked if their ankles felt unstable during the FPTs, approximately half of the participants in the FAI group and none of the participants in the control group reported a feeling of instability. Subsequently, a secondary analysis of variance was calculated with participants grouped into 3 categories: control participants, FAI participants reporting instability symptoms during FPT (FAI-S), and FAI participants not reporting instability symptoms during FPT (FAI-NS). Results revealed a difference among the 3 groups for the single-limb hopping test (P < .01). Post hoc analysis revealed a difference between the FAI-S participants and both the control and the FAI-NS participants. No difference was identified for the single-limb hurdle test (P  =  .41). Conclusions: The FAI-S participants had performance deficits during the single-limb hopping test. Therefore, clinicians could use this simple hopping test as an additional method to determine the presence of FAI.

scholarly journals Greater Power but Not Strength Gains Using Flywheel Versus Equivolumed Traditional Strength Training in Junior Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Marko D. M. Stojanović ◽  
Mladen Mikić ◽  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Nebojša Maksimović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
And Control

The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of flywheel strength training and traditional strength training on fitness attributes. Thirty-six well trained junior basketball players (n = 36; 17.58 ± 0.50 years) were recruited and randomly allocated into: Flywheel group (FST; n = 12), traditional strength training group (TST; n = 12) and control group (CON; n = 12). All groups attended 5 basketball practices and one official match a week during the study period. Experimental groups additionally participated in the eight-week, 1–2 d/w equivolume intervention conducted using a flywheel device (inertia = 0.075 kg·m−2) for FST or free weights (80%1 RM) for TST. Pre-to post changes in lower limb isometric strength (ISOMET), 5 and 20 m sprint time (SPR5m and SPR20m), countermovement jump height (CMJ) and change of direction ability (t-test) were assessed with analyses of variance (3 × 2 ANOVA). Significant group-by-time interaction was found for ISOMET (F = 6.40; p = 0.000), CMJ (F = 7.45; p = 0.001), SPR5m (F = 7.45; p = 0.010) and T test (F = 10.46; p = 0.000). The results showed a significantly higher improvement in CMJ (p = 0.006; 11.7% vs. 6.8%), SPR5m (p = 0.001; 10.3% vs. 5.9%) and t-test (p = 0.045; 2.4% vs. 1.5%) for FST compared to the TST group. Simultaneously, th FST group had higher improvement in ISOMET (p = 0.014; 18.7% vs. 2.9%), CMJ (p = 0.000; 11.7% vs. 0.3%), SPR5m (p = 0.000; 10.3% vs. 3.4%) and t-test (p = 0.000; 2.4% vs. 0.6%) compared to the CON group. Players from the TST group showed better results in CMJ (p = 0.006; 6.8% vs. 0.3%) and t-test (p = 0.018; 1.5% vs. 0.6%) compared to players from the CON group. No significant group-by-time interaction was found for sprint 20 m (F = 2.52; p = 0.088). Eight weeks of flywheel training (1–2 sessions per week) performed at maximum concentric intensity induces superior improvements in CMJ, 5 m sprint time and change of direction ability than equivolumed traditional weight training in well trained junior basketball players. Accordingly, coaches and trainers could be advised to use flywheel training for developing power related performance attributes in young basketball players.

scholarly journals Bilateral Proprioceptive Evaluation in Individuals With Unilateral Chronic Ankle Instability

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia S. P. Sousa ◽  
João Leite ◽  
Bianca Costa ◽  
Rubim Santos
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Injured Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ankle Proprioception ◽  
Force Sense

Context:  Despite extensive research on chronic ankle instability, the findings regarding proprioception have been conflicting and focused only on the injured limb. Also, the different components of proprioception have been evaluated in isolation. Objective:  To evaluate bilateral ankle proprioception in individuals with unilateral ankle instability. Design:  Cohort study. Setting:  Research laboratory center in a university. Patients or Other Participants:  Twenty-four individuals with a history of unilateral ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability (mechanical ankle instability group, n = 10; functional ankle instability [FAI] group, n = 14) and 20 controls. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Ankle active and passive joint position sense, kinesthesia, and force sense. Results:  We observed a significant interaction between the effects of limb and group for kinesthesia (F = 3.27, P = .049). Increased error values were observed in the injured limb of the FAI group compared with the control group (P = .031, Cohen d = 0.47). Differences were also evident for force sense (F = 9.31, P < .001): the FAI group demonstrated increased error versus the control group (injured limb: P < .001, Cohen d = 1.28; uninjured limb: P = .009, Cohen d = 0.89) and the mechanical ankle instability group (uninjured limb: P = .023, Cohen d = 0.76). Conclusions:  Individuals with unilateral FAI had increased error ipsilaterally (injured limb) for inversion movement detection (kinesthesia) and evertor force sense and increased error contralaterally (uninjured limb) for evertor force sense.

Relationship of Strength and Precision in Shooting Activities

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 1294-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Vercruyssen ◽  
Eric M. Grose ◽  
Robert W. Christina ◽  
Ellen Muller
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Shoulder Strength ◽  
Relationship Of

Reported is an experiment which was designed to (1) test the strength-precision relationship of grip and shoulder strength with competitive pistol shooting scores using a nationally ranked collegiate pistol team and (2) determine the effects of a very brief, specifically focused, intense grip and shoulder strength training program (10 min, 3 times per week for 8 weeks) on strength and shooting performance. All members of the Pennsylvania State University Navy ROTC Pistol Team (n = 12) were divided into two matched groups according to pre-test shooting scores. Both groups received identical shooting instruction and practice, but the training group participated in an eight-week strength development program while the control group did not. Maximum isometric strength (peak and 4-sec average force) measures were obtained from electronic output of a hand dynamometer and strain gauge (deltoid contraction from a lateral horizontal shooting position against an arm cuff). Shooting scores (slow fire, timed fire, rapid fire, and total) were used as performance measures. The 24 intense but brief exercise bouts did not produce group training effects, despite painstaking efforts to use (1) exercises documented to produce training effects, (2) subjects who were highly motivated, (3) accurate and reliable strength testing equipment, and (4) a program which exercised to fatigue each day the target muscles. This finding is particularly alarming because of the strong body of literature suggesting the effect should have occurred. It also suggest that the time spent in strength training might better be spent in shooting. Nonetheless, robust strength-performance correlations were obtained, particularly in two areas: (1) slow fire shooting scores with grip strength and (2) timed and rapid fire with deltoid strength. Furthermore, individual subject analysis revealed that those that improved in strength also improved in shooting skill. This training was effective for improving strength and scores in some subjects, especially in producing increases in deltoid strength concomitant with improvements in timed and rapid fire scores. This work has implications for all types of free-limb shooting activities, for military and civilian populations, and for novice and elite performers.

The effect of Baduanjin exercise for functional ankle instability rehabilitation: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Juanjuan Ai ◽  
Kuangshi Li ◽  
Yiting Sun ◽  
Ruyu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Patients with functional ankle instability (FAI) have problems with joint control, balance, gait, and postural symmetry. Baduanjin is a type of traditional Chinese exercise, which has been shown to be effective for treating many diseases and symptoms. However, the effect of Baduanjin in patients with FAI has not been proved. This trial is an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT), its objective is to study the efficacy and safety of Baduanjin on the rehabilitation of patients with FAI. Methods Seventy-two participants, who are eligible according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, will be randomized (in a 1:1 ratio) using a random numbers table into two groups: a Baduanjin group and a control group (subjected to conventional physical therapy). The Baduanjin group will be subjected to Baduanjin exercise in addition to the conventional physical therapy. The participants’ exercise will be implemented for 4 weeks (5 days a week). All the participants will be assessed at baseline, after 2 weeks’ treatment, and after 4 weeks’ treatment (after the intervention). The efficacy of Baduanjin will be assessed based on three types of outcome: (1) surface electromyography (sEMG) results of the bilateral erector spinae, tibialis anterior, and peroneus longus; (2) balance function under different conditions; and (3) the severity of ankle instability in daily life, using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). Discussion The aim of the trial is to study the effect and safety of Baduanjin in patients with FAI. The study findings may show whether Baduanjin could be used to complement medical FAI rehabilitation methods. The study findings could also highlight the importance of Baduanjin in promoting the bilateral symmetry of motor function.

scholarly journals Strength-Training Protocols to Improve Deficits in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Hall ◽  
Carrie L. Docherty ◽  
Janet Simon ◽  
Jackie J. Kingma ◽  
Joanne C. Klossner
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Protocol Group ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Hop Test

Context: Although lateral ankle sprains are common in athletes and can lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI), strength-training rehabilitation protocols may improve the deficits often associated with CAI. Objective: To determine whether strength-training protocols affect strength, dynamic balance, functional performance, and perceived instability in individuals with CAI. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Athletic training research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 39 individuals with CAI (17 men [44%], 22 women [56%]) participated in this study. Chronic ankle instability was determined by the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability Questionnaire, and participants were randomly assigned to a resistance-band–protocol group (n = 13 [33%] age = 19.7 ± 2.2 years, height = 172.9 ± 12.8 cm, weight = 69.1 ± 13.5 kg), a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation strength-protocol group (n = 13 [33%], age = 18.9 ± 1.3 years, height = 172.5 ± 5.9 cm, weight = 72.7 ± 14.6 kg), or a control group (n = 13 [33%], age = 20.5 ± 2.1 years, height = 175.2 ± 8.1 cm, weight = 70.2 ± 11.1 kg). Intervention(s): Both rehabilitation groups completed their protocols 3 times/wk for 6 weeks. The control group did not attend rehabilitation sessions. Main Outcome Measure(s): Before the interventions, participants were pretested by completing the figure-8 hop test for time, the triple-crossover hop test for distance, isometric strength tests (dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion), the Y-Balance test, and the visual analog scale for perceived ankle instability. Participants were again tested 6 weeks later. We conducted 2 separate, multivariate, repeated-measures analyses of variance, followed by univariate analyses on any significant findings. Results: The resistance-band protocol group improved in strength (dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion) and on the visual analog scale (P < .05); the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation group improved in strength (inversion and eversion) and on the visual analog scale (P < .05) as well. No improvements were seen in the triple-crossover hop or the Y-Balance tests for either intervention group or in the control group for any dependent variable (P > .05). Conclusions: Although the resistance-band protocol is common in rehabilitation, the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation strength protocol is also an effective treatment to improve strength in individuals with CAI. Both protocols showed clinical benefits in strength and perceived instability. To improve functional outcomes, clinicians should consider using additional multiplanar and multijoint exercises.

Strength Training Induces Greater Increase in Handgrip Strength than Wrestling Training per se

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (08) ◽  
pp. 533-538
Author(s):  
Konstantina Karatrantou ◽  
Christina Katsoula ◽  
Nikos Tsiakaras ◽  
Panagiotis Ioakimidis ◽  
Vassilis Gerodimos
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Per Se ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis study investigated the effectiveness of a specialized strength training program on maximal handgrip strength in young wrestlers. 72 young wrestlers (36 children: 8–10 years-old and 36 adolescents:13–15 years-old) participated in the present study. Both age-categories were assigned into a training group (18 children and 18 adolescents) and a control group (18 children and 18 adolescents). The training groups, in conjunction with the wrestling training performed a 4-month (2 sessions/week) specialized handgrip training program. Maximal handgrip strength was evaluated pre, at the intermediate (2 months) and at the completion of the program (4 months). Maximal handgrip strength values increased during the intermediate and post-training measurements compared to pre-training measurement in training and control groups (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed on pre-training and intermediate measurements between groups, while significant differences were observed during the post-training measurement. Training group exhibited significantly (p<0.01) greater maximal handgrip strength values than the control group irrespective of age-category and hand-preference. A 4-month handgrip strength training program, incorporated into the conventional wrestling training, provokes greater adaptations in maximal handgrip strength than the wrestling training per se. For greater handgrip training adaptations are required more than 14 specialized handgrip training-sessions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document