scholarly journals Predicting Football Players' Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition Using Standard Anthropometric Measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Oliver ◽  
Brad S. Lambert ◽  
Steven E. Martin ◽  
John S. Green ◽  
Stephen F. Crouse
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Collegiate Football

Context: The recent increase in athlete size, particularly in football athletes of all levels, coupled with the increased health risk associated with obesity warrants continued monitoring of body composition from a health perspective in this population. Equations developed to predict percentage of body fat (%Fat) have been shown to be population specific and might not be accurate for football athletes. Objective: To develop multiple regression equations using standard anthropometric measurements to estimate dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry %Fat (DEXA%Fat) in collegiate football players. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Patients and Other Participants: One hundred fifty-seven National Collegiate Athletic Association Division IA football athletes (age  =  20 ± 1 years, height  =  185.6 ± 6.5 cm, mass  =  103.1 ± 20.4 kg, DEXA%Fat  =  19.5 ± 9.1%) participated. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants had the following measures: (1) body composition testing with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; (2) skinfold measurements in millimeters, including chest, triceps, subscapular, midaxillary, suprailiac, abdominal (SFAB), and thigh; and (3) standard circumference measurements in centimeters, including ankle, calf, thigh, hip (AHIP), waist, umbilical (AUMB), chest, wrist, forearm, arm, and neck. Regression analysis and fit statistics were used to determine the relationship between DEXA%Fat and each skinfold thickness, sum of all skinfold measures (SFSUM), and individual circumference measures. Results: Statistical analysis resulted in the development of 3 equations to predict DEXA%Fat: model 1, (0.178 • AHIP) + (0.097 • AUMB) + (0.089 • SFSUM) − 19.641; model 2, (0.193 • AHIP) + (0.133 • AUMB) + (0.371 • SFAB) − 23.0523; and model 3, (0.132 • SFSUM) + 3.530. The R2 values were 0.94 for model 1, 0.93 for model 2, and 0.91 for model 3 (for all, P < .001). Conclusions: The equations developed provide an accurate way to assess DEXA%Fat in collegiate football players using standard anthropometric measures so athletic trainers and coaches can monitor these athletes at increased health risk due to increased size.

scholarly journals Accuracy of predicting chemical body composition of growing pigs using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kasper ◽  
Patrick Schlegel ◽  
Isabel Ruiz-Ascacibar ◽  
Peter Stoll ◽  
Giuseppe Bee
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
X Ray

AbstractStudies in animal science assessing nutrient and energy efficiency or determining nutrient requirements necessitate gathering exact measurements of body composition or body nutrient contents. Wet chemical analysis methods or standardized dissection are commonly applied, but both are destructive. Harnessing human medical imaging techniques for animal science can enable repeated measurements of individuals over time and reduce the number of individuals required for research. Among imaging techniques, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is particularly promising. However, the measurements obtained with DXA do not perfectly match dissections or chemical analyses, requiring the adjustment of the DXA via calibration equations. Several calibration regressions have been published, but comparative studies are pending. Thus, it is currently not clear whether existing regression equations can be directly used to convert DXA measurements into chemical values or whether each individual DXA device will require its own calibration. Our study builds prediction equations that relate body composition to the content of single nutrients in growing entire male pigs (body weight range 20-100 kg) as determined by both DXA and chemical analyses, with R2 ranging between 0.89 for ash and 0.99 for water and crude protein. Moreover, we show that the chemical composition of the empty body can be satisfactorily determined by DXA scans of carcasses, with the prediction error rCV ranging between 4.3% for crude protein and 12.6% for ash. Finally, we compare existing prediction equations for pigs of a similar range of body weights with the equations derived from our DXA measurements and evaluate their fit with our chemical analyses data. We found that existing equations for absolute contents that were built using the same DXA beam technology predicted our data more precisely than equations based on different technologies and percentages of fat and lean mass. This indicates that the creation of generic regression equations that yield reliable estimates of body composition in pigs of different growth stages, sexes and genetic breeds could be achievable in the near future. DXA may be a promising tool for high-throughput phenotyping for genetic studies, because it efficiently measures body composition in a large number and wide array of animals.

Four-component model for the assessment of body composition in humans: comparison with alternative methods, and evaluation of the density and hydration of fat-free mass

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Fuller ◽  
S. A. Jebb ◽  
M. A. Laskey ◽  
W. A. Coward ◽  
M. Elia
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Four Component Model ◽  
Deuterium Dilution ◽  
Component Models

1. Body composition was assessed in 28 healthy subjects (body mass index 20–28 kg/m2) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, deuterium dilution, densitometry, 40K counting and four prediction methods (skinfold thickness, bioelectrical impedance, near-i.r. interactance and body mass index). Three- and four-component models of body composition were constructed from combinations of the reference methods. The results of all methods were compared. Precision was evaluated by analysis of propagation of errors. The density and hydration fraction of the fat-free mass were determined. 2. From the precision of the basic measurements, the propagation of errors for the estimation of fat (± sd) by the four-component model was found to be ± 0.54 kg, by the three-component model, ± 0.49 kg, by deuterium dilution, ± 0.62 kg, and by densitometry, ± 0.78 kg. Precision for the measurement of the density and hydration fraction of fat-free mass was ± 0.0020 kg/l and ± 0.0066, respectively. 3. The agreement between reference methods was generally better than between reference and alternative methods. Dual-energy X-ray absoptiometry predicted three- and four-component model body composition slightly less well than densitometry or deuterium dilution (both of which greatly influence these multi-component models). 4. The hydration fraction of fat-free mass was calculated to be 0.7382 ± 0.0213 (range 0.6941–0.7837) and the density of fat-free mass was 1.1015 ± 0.0073 kg/1 (range 1.0795–1.1110 kg/1), with no significant difference between men and women for either. 5. The results suggest that the three- and four-component models are not compromised by errors arising from individual techniques. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry would appear to be a suitable alternative method for the assessment of body composition in these healthy adults. The traditional mean value assumed for density of the fat-free mass in classic densitometry (1.1 kg/l) appears to be appropriate, and the mean hydration fraction was close to values which are generally applied to the fat-free mass (0.72–0.73). Despite concealing considerable inter-individual variation, these mean values may be applied to groups with characteristics similar to those in this study. Finally, with the notable exception of skinfold thickness, bedside prediction methods show poor agreement with both the three- and the four-component models.

Anthropometric definitions for antiretroviral-associated lipodystrophy derived from a longitudinal South African cohort with serial dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1194-1203
Author(s):  
Zulfa Abrahams ◽  
Gary Maartens ◽  
Naomi Levitt ◽  
Joel Dave
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Patient Reported

The development of lipodystrophy is associated with the long-term use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We assessed agreement between patient-reported lipodystrophy and body composition measures using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and developed objective measures to define lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy in black South Africans. One hundred and eighty-seven ART-naïve HIV-infected adults were enrolled in a 24-month longitudinal study. Self-reported information on regional fat loss and fat gain, anthropometry, and DXA measures were collected at baseline, three, six, 12, 18, and 24 months after starting ART. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to describe the performance of anthropometric variables using change in limb and trunk fat measured by DXA, as the reference standard. The proportion of men and women who developed lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy increased over the 24-month period, with lipoatrophy occurring more frequently in men (21% versus 10%). In women, lipoatrophy was best determined by thigh skinfold thickness (80.3% correctly classified) and mid-arm circumference (77.6% correctly classified). None of the anthropometric measures performed well for defining lipoatrophy in men. Anthropometric measures performed well for defining lipoatrophy in women, but not lipohypertrophy.

scholarly journals Offseason Body Composition Changes Detected by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry versus Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Collegiate American Football Athletes

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Jake R. Boykin ◽  
Grant M. Tinsley ◽  
Christine M. Harrison ◽  
Jessica Prather ◽  
Javier Zaragoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Composition Changes

Tracking changes in body composition may provide key information about the effectiveness of training programs for athletes. This study reports on the agreement between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for tracking body composition changes during a seven-week offseason training program in 29 NCAA collegiate American football players. Body composition in subjects (mean ± SD; age: 19.7 ± 1.5 y; height: 179.8 ± 6.6 cm; body mass (BM: 96.1 ± 12.6 kg; DXA body fat: 20.9 ± 4.4%) was estimated using BIA (InBody 770) and DXA (Hologic Horizon) before and after the training intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc comparisons were performed. Longitudinal agreement between methods was also examined by concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman analysis alongside linear regression to identify bias. Significant method by time interactions were observed for BM (DXA: 1.1 ± 2.4 kg; BIA: 1.4 ± 2.5 kg; p < 0.03), arms fat-free mass (FFM) (DXA: 0.4 ± 0.5 kg; BIA: 0.2 ± 0.4 kg; p < 0.03), and legs FFM (DXA: 0.6 ± 1.1 kg; BIA: 0.1 ± 0.6 kg; p < 0.01). Post hoc comparisons indicated that DXA—but not BIA—detected increases in FFM of the arms and legs. Time main effects, but no method by time interactions, were observed for total FFM (DXA: 1.6 ± 1.9 kg; BIA: 1.2 ± 2.1 kg; p = 0.004) and trunk FFM (DXA: 0.7 ± 1.3 kg; BIA: 0.5 ± 1.0 kg; p = 0.02). Changes in total BM (CCC = 0.96), FFM (CCC = 0.49), and fat mass (CCC = 0.50) were significantly correlated between BIA and DXA. DXA and BIA may similarly track increases in whole-body FFM in American collegiate football players; however, BIA may possess less sensitivity in detecting segmental FFM increases, particularly in the appendages.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is a valid tool for assessing in vivo body composition of broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Angelica Gonçalves ◽  
Nilva Kazue Sakomura ◽  
Edney Pereira da Silva ◽  
Silvana Martinez Baraldi Artoni ◽  
Rafael Massami Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

The use of non-invasive techniques to estimate body composition in animals in vivo conforms to the desire to improve the welfare of animals during research and also has the potential to advance scientific research. The purpose of the present study was to determine a predictive equation of the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method for broilers by comparing the measurement of body composition using DXA with that by chemical analysis. In total, 720 day-old Cobb500 broilers were distributed into a split-plot arrangement 3 (crude protein concentrations of diets) × 2 (genders) × 2 (methods of chemical body evaluation), with six replications of 20 birds each. To promote the modification of the body composition of broilers, diets varied in the crude protein concentration, which was 70%, 100% and 130% of the required. Two hundred and sixteen birds in different ages were evaluated by its bodyweight, lean, fat and ash contents. The data were submitted to ANOVA and it was demonstrated that the dietary crude protein levels applied allowed a greater variation of the body composition of the birds. Also, the results indicated that the DXA method did not predict fat mass, lean mass or bone mineral content as well as did chemical composition analysis, resulting in the need to develop regression equations for improving the in vivo prediction of these chemical components. The regression equations developed here enable the feather-free body composition of individual broilers to be directly estimated throughout growth using the DXA non-invasive technique.

scholarly journals Assessment of body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, skinfold thickness and creatinine kinetics in chronic kidney disease patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2289-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Avesani ◽  
S. A. Draibe ◽  
M. A. Kamimura ◽  
M. Cendoroglo ◽  
A. Pedrosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Creatinine Kinetics
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