A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae. I. The leaf-blade as viewed in transverse section

Bothalia ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Taxonomic Importance

Descriptive “keys”, including definitions and diagrams, for standardizing and simplifying the description of grass leaf structure as seen in transverse section are given. Over 500 characters are included with the possibility for expansion to 999. Notes on variation and taxonomic importance of the characters are also included.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). III. Merxmuellera stricta

Bothalia ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Morphological Differences

The anatomical structure, of the leaf blade as seen in transverse section, and of the abaxial epidermis, of Merxmuellera stricta (Schrad.) Conert is described and illustrated. In this variable species four distinct anatomical “forms” are recognized viz. the typical  M. stricta form, the Cathedral Peak form, the Drakensberg form and the alpine form. The alpine and Cathedral Peak forms have recently been described as M. guillarmodiae Conert (1975). The degree of anatomical differentiation of these “forms” resembles the situation described in M. disticha (Nees) Conert (Ellis, 1980). Populations of both M. stricta and M. disticha from the Drakensberg mountains display extensive anatomical diversification which appears to be correlated with environmental factors. In addition, morphological differences are exhibited as well and the anatomical “forms” of M. stricta probably warrant taxonomic recognition.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). II. Merxmuellera disticha

Bothalia ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Environmental Requirements

The anatomical structure, of the leaf blade as seen in transverse section, and of the abaxial epidermis, of Merxmuellera disticha (Nees) Conert is described and illustrated. Three distinct anatomical “forms” are recognized viz. typical M. disticha, the Drakensberg form and the alpine bog form. These three anatomical groups also appear to have differing environmental requirements and probably warrant taxonomic status.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). I. The genus Dregeochloa

Bothalia ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Generic Description

The anatomical structure, of the leaf blade as seen in transverse section, and the abaxial epidermis, of Dregeochloa pumila and  D. calviniensis is described and illustrated. A generic description is included and the relationships of the genus are briefly discussed.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). VI. Merxmuellera arundinacea and M. cincta

Bothalia ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
The South ◽  
First Order

The leaf blade anatomy and the abaxial epidermal histology of Merxmuellera arundinacea (Berg.) Conert and M. cincta (Nees) Conert are described and illustrated. These two species resemble one another morphologically and are the only representatives of the genus with open, expanded leaves. They are, nevertheless, clearly distinct anatomically, particularly in the structure of the leaf blade as viewed in transverse section. The anatomy of M. cincta is noteworthy in the possession of additional vascular bundles located immediately below the first order vascular bundles. This vertical arrangement of bundles at differing levels is a unique feature of M. cincta and possibly indicates a need for taxonomic adjustment.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). VII. Merxmuellera dura and M. rangei

Bothalia ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
The South ◽  
First Order

The leaf blade anatomy and the abaxial epidermal histology of Merxmuellera arundinacea (Berg.) Conert and M. cincta (Nees) Conert are described and illustrated. These two species resemble one another morphologically and are the only representatives of the genus with open, expanded leaves. They are, nevertheless, clearly distinct anatomically, particularly in the structure of the leaf blade as viewed in transverse section. The anatomy of M. cincta is noteworthy in the possession of additional vascular bundles located immediately below the first order vascular bundles. This vertical arrangement of bundles at differing levels is a unique feature of M. cincta and possibly indicates a need for taxonomic adjustment.

scholarly journals Leaf anatomy and micromorphology of six Posoqueria Aublet species (Rubiaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda ◽  
Doria Maria Saiter Gomes ◽  
Aline Carvalho de Azevedo ◽  
Michelle Lima Magalhães ◽  
Mario Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Cuticular Layer

Abstract The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P. latifolia Mart., P. longiflora Aublet, P. macropus Mart., P. palustris (Rudge) Roem. and Posoqueria sp., collected in fragments of Atlantic rain forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epicuticular wax may occur in the form of filaments, granules or crusts. The leaves are covered by a thick cuticular layer that may be smooth or striated. Paracytic stomata, and non-glandular trichomes are limited to the abaxial surface; the latter are numerous in P. palustris, and rare in P. longiflora and P. latifolia. Leaves have a dorsiventral structure, with only one layer of palisade parenchyma and varied amounts of spongy parenchyma. Idioblasts containing crystalliferous sand were observed, and were more abundant in P. latifolia. The leaf blade vascular system is formed by collateral bundles with a parenchymatous sheath, associated with fibers. The vascular system of the petiole and the leaf blade forms an arch. Some of the anatomical features observed can be used to distinguish the species studied. Anatomical leaf characters could be used in the recognition of six species of Posoqueria studied, such as anticlinal wall of epidermal cells, wax deposition, trichomes and shape of the leaf margin.

Species groups in the genus Ehrharta (Poaceae) in southern Africa

Bothalia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Gibbs Russell ◽  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
The Past ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Plant Families

Ehrharta Thunb. is a genus of Gondwanaland distribution with its centre of diversity in the winter rainfall Fynbos Biome of southern Africa. In recent subfamily treatments Ehrharta has proved difficult to place satisfactorily, and during the past five years it has been moved between Bambusoideae and Arundinoideae. However, most previous systematic studies using cryptic characters have covered only four taxa out of about 35. The present study includes all African taxa, and demarcates seven species groups on the basis of both spikelet morphology and leaf blade anatomy. Parallelism and/or convergence in vegetative macromorphology within and between the species groups is widespread, and is similar, in some cases, to adaptations found in other plant families in the Fynbos Biome. However, these macromorphological trends are not reflected in the leaf anatomy. Leaf anatomy is generally consistent with the spikelet morphology. Some anatomical differences between the species groups in Ehrharta appear to be as great as differences between taxa of much higher ranks elsewhere in the Poaceae. This wide range of variability may be related to an early divergence of Ehrharteae from other grasses, as suggested by the Gondwanaland distribution, and may explain the difficulty of placing this fascinating yet baffling genus in a subfamily.

Anatomy of Sarcocaulon

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Verhoeven ◽  
H. J. T. Venter ◽  
W. L. J. Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Glandular Hairs

The anatomy of the leaf blade, petiole, stem and root of the genus Sarcocaulon (DC.) Sweet is discussed. On the basis of the leaf anatomy, the four sections recognized by Moffett (1979) can be identified: section Denticulati (dorsiventral leaves), section Multifidi (isobilateral leaves and adaxial and abaxial palisade continuous at midvein), section Crenati (isobilateral leaves, short curved trichomes and glandular hairs), section Sarcocaulon (isobilateral leaves and glandular hairs only). The anatomy of the stem is typically that of a herbaceous dicotyledon with a thick periderm. The root structure shows that the function of the root is not food storage.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XIII. Pentameris macrocalycina and P. obtusifolia

Bothalia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 579-585
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
The South ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
A Minor

The leaf blade anatomy of Peniameris macrocalycina (Steud.) Schweick. and P. obtusifolia (Hochst,) Schweick. is described and illustrated. The leaf anatomy of these two species shows many similarities suggesting a close relationship between them. A slight problem appears to exist with the circumscription of P. obtusifolia and a minor taxonomic adjustment may result in a classification which agrees totally with that based on leaf anatomy. This would result in details of the leaf outline being diagnostic for these two taxa. The nomenclature of P. obtusifolia is also very confusing and clarification is needed by reference to the relevant type specimens. P. macrocalycina and P. obtusifolia together with  P. longiglumis (Nees) Stapf, appear to form a distinct genus and do not bear close anatomical resemblances to either P. thuarri Beauv. or P. dregeana Stapf.

Leaf structure in Amorimia and closely related Neotropical genera and implications for their systematics and leaf evolution in Malpighiaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-127
Author(s):  
Ana Caroline Marques Pereira Mello ◽  
Rafael Felipe De Almeida ◽  
André Marcio Araújo Amorim ◽  
Denise Maria Trombert Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Leaf Evolution ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractAmorimia (Malpighiaceae) was recently segregated from the polyphyletic Mascagnia and placed in the malpighioid clade; identifying new characters based on leaf structure is among the first steps towards a proper generic delimitation of these segregates of Mascagnia. A comprehensive study describing and testing the relevance of leaf-structure characters in the evolution of Amorimia and related Neotropical genera is presented. We sampled all 15 Amorimia spp. and, as outgroups, eight species from the closely related Neotropical genera (Diplopterys, Ectopopterys, Mascagnia, Peixotoa and Stigmaphyllon). We scored 85 structural characters and mapped them on the most recent phylogenetic tree recovered for the genera. The presence of druses in the palisade parenchyma, the position of fibres alongside the vascular bundle and the occurrence of fibre blocks near the margin of the leaf blade were recovered as anatomical synapomorphies for Amorimia. Our results are a first step towards recovering anatomical and macromorphological synapomorphies for newly identified lineages of Malpighiaceae, such as Amorimia.

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