Anatomy of Sarcocaulon

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Verhoeven ◽  
H. J. T. Venter ◽  
W. L. J. Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Glandular Hairs

The anatomy of the leaf blade, petiole, stem and root of the genus Sarcocaulon (DC.) Sweet is discussed. On the basis of the leaf anatomy, the four sections recognized by Moffett (1979) can be identified: section Denticulati (dorsiventral leaves), section Multifidi (isobilateral leaves and adaxial and abaxial palisade continuous at midvein), section Crenati (isobilateral leaves, short curved trichomes and glandular hairs), section Sarcocaulon (isobilateral leaves and glandular hairs only). The anatomy of the stem is typically that of a herbaceous dicotyledon with a thick periderm. The root structure shows that the function of the root is not food storage.

scholarly journals Leaf anatomy and micromorphology of six Posoqueria Aublet species (Rubiaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda ◽  
Doria Maria Saiter Gomes ◽  
Aline Carvalho de Azevedo ◽  
Michelle Lima Magalhães ◽  
Mario Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Cuticular Layer

Abstract The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P. latifolia Mart., P. longiflora Aublet, P. macropus Mart., P. palustris (Rudge) Roem. and Posoqueria sp., collected in fragments of Atlantic rain forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epicuticular wax may occur in the form of filaments, granules or crusts. The leaves are covered by a thick cuticular layer that may be smooth or striated. Paracytic stomata, and non-glandular trichomes are limited to the abaxial surface; the latter are numerous in P. palustris, and rare in P. longiflora and P. latifolia. Leaves have a dorsiventral structure, with only one layer of palisade parenchyma and varied amounts of spongy parenchyma. Idioblasts containing crystalliferous sand were observed, and were more abundant in P. latifolia. The leaf blade vascular system is formed by collateral bundles with a parenchymatous sheath, associated with fibers. The vascular system of the petiole and the leaf blade forms an arch. Some of the anatomical features observed can be used to distinguish the species studied. Anatomical leaf characters could be used in the recognition of six species of Posoqueria studied, such as anticlinal wall of epidermal cells, wax deposition, trichomes and shape of the leaf margin.

Species groups in the genus Ehrharta (Poaceae) in southern Africa

Bothalia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Gibbs Russell ◽  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
The Past ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Plant Families

Ehrharta Thunb. is a genus of Gondwanaland distribution with its centre of diversity in the winter rainfall Fynbos Biome of southern Africa. In recent subfamily treatments Ehrharta has proved difficult to place satisfactorily, and during the past five years it has been moved between Bambusoideae and Arundinoideae. However, most previous systematic studies using cryptic characters have covered only four taxa out of about 35. The present study includes all African taxa, and demarcates seven species groups on the basis of both spikelet morphology and leaf blade anatomy. Parallelism and/or convergence in vegetative macromorphology within and between the species groups is widespread, and is similar, in some cases, to adaptations found in other plant families in the Fynbos Biome. However, these macromorphological trends are not reflected in the leaf anatomy. Leaf anatomy is generally consistent with the spikelet morphology. Some anatomical differences between the species groups in Ehrharta appear to be as great as differences between taxa of much higher ranks elsewhere in the Poaceae. This wide range of variability may be related to an early divergence of Ehrharteae from other grasses, as suggested by the Gondwanaland distribution, and may explain the difficulty of placing this fascinating yet baffling genus in a subfamily.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). III. Merxmuellera stricta

Bothalia ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Morphological Differences

The anatomical structure, of the leaf blade as seen in transverse section, and of the abaxial epidermis, of Merxmuellera stricta (Schrad.) Conert is described and illustrated. In this variable species four distinct anatomical “forms” are recognized viz. the typical  M. stricta form, the Cathedral Peak form, the Drakensberg form and the alpine form. The alpine and Cathedral Peak forms have recently been described as M. guillarmodiae Conert (1975). The degree of anatomical differentiation of these “forms” resembles the situation described in M. disticha (Nees) Conert (Ellis, 1980). Populations of both M. stricta and M. disticha from the Drakensberg mountains display extensive anatomical diversification which appears to be correlated with environmental factors. In addition, morphological differences are exhibited as well and the anatomical “forms” of M. stricta probably warrant taxonomic recognition.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). II. Merxmuellera disticha

Bothalia ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Environmental Requirements

The anatomical structure, of the leaf blade as seen in transverse section, and of the abaxial epidermis, of Merxmuellera disticha (Nees) Conert is described and illustrated. Three distinct anatomical “forms” are recognized viz. typical M. disticha, the Drakensberg form and the alpine bog form. These three anatomical groups also appear to have differing environmental requirements and probably warrant taxonomic status.

A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae. I. The leaf-blade as viewed in transverse section

Bothalia ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Taxonomic Importance

Descriptive “keys”, including definitions and diagrams, for standardizing and simplifying the description of grass leaf structure as seen in transverse section are given. Over 500 characters are included with the possibility for expansion to 999. Notes on variation and taxonomic importance of the characters are also included.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XIII. Pentameris macrocalycina and P. obtusifolia

Bothalia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 579-585
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
The South ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
A Minor

The leaf blade anatomy of Peniameris macrocalycina (Steud.) Schweick. and P. obtusifolia (Hochst,) Schweick. is described and illustrated. The leaf anatomy of these two species shows many similarities suggesting a close relationship between them. A slight problem appears to exist with the circumscription of P. obtusifolia and a minor taxonomic adjustment may result in a classification which agrees totally with that based on leaf anatomy. This would result in details of the leaf outline being diagnostic for these two taxa. The nomenclature of P. obtusifolia is also very confusing and clarification is needed by reference to the relevant type specimens. P. macrocalycina and P. obtusifolia together with  P. longiglumis (Nees) Stapf, appear to form a distinct genus and do not bear close anatomical resemblances to either P. thuarri Beauv. or P. dregeana Stapf.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XVIII. Centropodia mossamedensis

Bothalia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Photosynthetic Pathway ◽  
The South ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Fixed Material

The leaf blade anatomy of Centropodia mossamedensis (Rendle) T. A. Cope [=  Asthenatherum mossamedense (Rendle) Conert] is described and illustrated. This description is based on freshly fixed material and confirms that this species has Kranz anatomy with the C4 photosynthetic pathway. The anatomy differs little from that of C.  glauca and both undoubtedly belong to the same genus which is justifiably separated from the other danthonoid genera.

scholarly journals Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae): XIX. The genus Prionanthium

Bothalia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
The South ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis

The leaf blade anatomy of Prionanthium dentatum (L. f.) Henr.,  P. ecldonii (Nees) Stapf and  P. pholiuroides Stapf is described and illustrated. The transectional anatomy is non-Kranz with diffuse chlorenchyma. The adaxial epidermis has dome-shaped stomata, dumbbell-shaped to nodular silica bodies and elongated microhairs. The three species differ in the presence or absence of macrohairs, abaxial stomata and marginal linear, sessile glands. The latter character is shared with Pentaschistis triseta (Thunb.) Stapf and its allies, and relationships with  Pentaschistis are indicated rather than with any other extant arundinoid genus.

scholarly journals A new species of Merxmuellera (Arundineae, Poaceae) from South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Barker ◽  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Surface View ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Merxmuellera setacea N.P. Barker from the south-western Cape. South Africa, is formally described. Descriptions of the morphology and leaf anatomy, in transectional and surface view, as observed under the light- and scanning electron microscope are given. Comparisons between this taxon and other southern African arundinoid species are made on the basis of morphological and anatomical observations. While the morphology of M setacea is in keeping with the generic limits of Merxmuellera Conert. the leaf blade anatomy appears to be intermediate between Merxmuellera, Pentameris Beauv. and  Pentaschistis (Nees) Spach.

scholarly journals Primulina jiuyishanica (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Hunan, China

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Kun Liu ◽  
De-Chang Meng ◽  
Zhang-Jie Huang ◽  
Stephen Maciejewski ◽  
Zi-Bing Xin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Glandular Hairs ◽  
Yellow Patch ◽  
A New Species

Primulina jiuyishanica K. Liu, D.C. Meng & Z.B. Xin, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Hunan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to Primulina fimbrisepala (Hand.-Mazz.) Yin Z. Wang, but differs in its elliptic to broadly elliptic leaf blade with broadly cuneate base, peduncle densely pubescent with sparse glandular hairs, corolla throat with no purple spots inside, the yellow patch in the throat densely glandular-pubescent and pistil densely glandular-pubescent. Photographs and descriptions of the new species are provided below.

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