scholarly journals Die filosofie van Immanuel Kant en Protestants-teologiese denkstrukture

1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Moral Theology ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Scientific Metaphysics

The philosophy of Immanuel Kant and Protestant theological structures Kant’s critical epistemology destroyed the idea of scientific metaphysics (valid up to Wolff) as the foundation of theology. Kant, however, reconstructed his own metaphysics on the basis of practical reason. In this scheme metaphysics and ethics are interwoven and culminate in a religion exclusively based on and conditioned by pure reason, usually known as Kant’s moral theology or rational religion. The purpose of this paper is, firstly, to give a very short exposition of the basic concepts of Kant’s moral theology, and secondly, to show its decisive influence on post Kantian protestant view of religion.

scholarly journals AUTONOMIA E HETERONOMIA NA MORAL

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (107) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Gilmar Francisco Bonamigo
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Moral Foundation

Este texto trata da questão do Fundamento da Moral em Immanuel Kant e Emmanuel Lévinas. Percorrendo o caminho kantiano que vai da Crítica da Razão Pura à Crítica da Razão Prática, encontraremos a Autonomia da Liberdade como o ponto decisivo para a compreensão da moralidade no homem; penetrando em Totalidade e Infinito e em De Outro Modo que Ser, desvelaremos com Lévinas a Heteronomia da Alteridade como o elemento que faz da Ética uma Filosofia Primeira. O texto aponta também algumas aproximações possíveis entre Kant e Lévinas, a partir do movimento interno de fundamentação de cada um.Abstract: This paper deals with the issue of Moral foundation in Immanuel Kant and Emmanuel Levinas. Following the Kantian path that extends from the Critic of Pure Reason to the Critic of Practical Reason, we will argue that the Autonomy of Liberty is the decisive point for the understanding of human morality; with Levinas’ Totality and Infinity and Otherwise than Being,on the contrary, we will reveal the heteronomy of Alterity as the element that makes Ethics a Primary Philosophy. The article also seeks to explore some possible connections between Kant and Levinas by looking at the internal grounding movement of both philosophers.

scholarly journals Kewajiban dalam Pemikiran Immanuel Kant dan Relevansinya dengan Akhlak Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Rahmat Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Ethical Thinking ◽  
Ethical Obligations

Many thinkers discuss ethics as something inherent in life, one of which is Immanuel Kant. Kant, who is known as a transcendent-rationalist philosophy and founder of criticism, stated the importance of ethical obligations based on the reason for humans. Through his criticism of pure reason (pure reason) and practical reason (practical reason) led to a concept of the highest ethics of happiness, where happiness now can not be achieved without ethics purely based on duty. This is also in line with the teachings of Islam that with a commendable character lead humans to the highest happiness, namely the encounter with God. Islam teaches morals that are based on reason in addition to the main foundation of the Koran and hadith. Then the obligation to do good basically can be recognized by reason without any encouragement from various directions. This article will discuss and show the relevance of ethical obligations and Islamic ethics which are consistent and need not be contested. This research is based on library research using descriptive-analytical and holistic methods. In the end, Western ethical thinking is compatible with Islamic ethics. 

Morality and The Three-fold Existence of God

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Leslie Armour
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reason ◽  
Moral Theology ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Existence Of God

Arguments about the existence of a being who is infinite and perfect involve claims about a being who must appear in all the orders and dimensions of reality. Anything else implies finitude. Ideas about goodness seem inseparable from arguments about the existence of God and Kant's claim that such arguments ultimately belong to moral theology seems plausible. The claim that we can rely on the postulates of pure practical reason is stronger than many suppose. But one must show that a being who is infinite and perfect is even possible, and any such being must be present in the physical world as well as in what Pascal called the orders of the intellect and morality (which he called the order of charity). Indeed, locating God in the various orders without creating conflicts is problematic. Such arguments are necessarily difficult and sometimes self-defeating but I argue in this paper that there is a promising path.

scholarly journals 'Critique' as Technology of the Self

2005 ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reason ◽  
The Self ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Care Of The Self ◽  
The Status ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Subject

This inquiry is situated at the intersection of two enigmas. The first is the enigma of the status of Kant's practice of critique, which has been the subject of heated debate since shortly after the publication of the first edition of The Critique of Pure Reason. The second enigma is that of Foucault's apparent later 'turn' to Kant, and the label of 'critique', to describe his own theoretical practice. I argue that Kant's practice of 'critique' should be read, after Foucault, as a distinctly modern practice in the care of the self, governed by Kant's famous rubric of the 'primacy of practical reason'. In this way, too, Foucault's later interest in Kant - one which in fact takes up a line present in his work from his complementary thesis on Kant's Anthropology - is cast into distinct relief. Against Habermas and others, I propose that this interest does not represent any 'break' or 'turn' in Foucault's work. In line with Foucault's repeated denials that he was interested after 1976 in a 'return to the ancients', I argue that Foucault's writings on critique represent instead both a deepening theoretical self-consciousness, and part of his project to forge an ethics adequate to the historical present.

scholarly journals KRITIK IMMANUEL KANT TERHADAP FAHAM RASIONALISME DAN EMPIRISME

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jauhan Budiwan
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Philosophical Movement ◽  
Philosophical Background ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind

Immanuel Kant is one of the most influential philosophers in the history of Western philosophy. His contributions to metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics have had a profound impact on almost every philosophical movement that followed him. This portion will focus on his metaphysics and epistemology in one of his most important works. The Critique of Pure Reason, A large part of Kant’s work addresses the question “What can we know?” The answer, if it can be stated simply, is that our knowledge is constrained to mathematics and the science of the -natural, empirical world. It is impossible, Kant argues, to extend knowledge to the supersensible realm of speculative metaphysics. The reason that knowledge has these constraints, Kant argues, is that the mind plays an active role in constituting the features of experience and limiting the mind's access to the empirical realm of space and time. In order to understand Kant's position, we must understand the philosophical background that he was reacting to. First, 1 will present a brief overview of his predecessor's positions with a brief statement of Kant's objections, then I will return to a more detailed exposition of Kant's arguments. There are two major historical movements in the early modem period of philosophy that had a significant impact on Kant; Empiricism and Rationalism,

scholarly journals Some Remarks in Defense of Immanuel Kant's Theory of Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Balanovskiy Valentin
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Experiential Knowledge ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
Conceptual Nature

The author attempts to answer a question of whether the fact that Immanuel Kant’s theory of experience most likely has a conceptual nature decreases an importance of Kant’s ideas for contemporary philosophy, because if experience is conceptual by nature, then certain problems with the search for means to verify experiential knowledge arise. In particular, two approaches are proposed. According to the first approach, the exceptional conceptuality of Kant’s theory of experience may be a consequence of absence of some important chains in arguments contained in the Critique of Pure Reason, which could clarify a question of how the conceptual apparatus of the subject corresponds to the reality. The author puts a hypothesis that the missing chains are not a mistake, but Kant’s deliberate silence caused by the lack of accurate scientific information that could not have been available to humankind in Enlightenment epoch. According to the second approach even if Kant’s theory of experience is exclusively conceptual by nature, this cannot automatically lead to a conclusion that it is unsuitable for obtaining reliable knowledge about reality, since transcendental idealism has powerful internal tools for verifying data in the process of cognition. The central position among them is occupied by transcendental reflection.

scholarly journals Çoğulcu Kamusal Alanda Dini Kimliklerin Özgürlüğü ve Demokrasi İletişimi

Etkileşim ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 98-127
Author(s):  
Ali Demir
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Communication Interaction ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Image Of God

Pluralistic public sphere is where sociological categories such as action, interests and identities, and the basic concepts of philosophy such as freedom, democracy, equality and difference, are connected with each other. Communication here has always been in interaction with personalities and identities. However, in time, public communication of social belongings based on difference or equality has led to some conflicts. Thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes, Immanuel Kant and Jürgen Habermas have studied miscommunication in public within the framework of the concept of pluralism, which is historically and sociologically related to religious identities. In the article, this connection of communication, interaction and relationships will be covered by the image of God in Gilgamesh, the function that Emile Durkheim attributed to religion, and some sociological examples.

The New Philosophy

Anxiety ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 36-76
Author(s):  
Bettina Bergo
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reason ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Unity Of Consciousness ◽  
Inner Sense ◽  
The World ◽  
Logical Condition ◽  
Human Practice ◽  
Transcendental Apperception

Kant’s transcendental revolution temporarily cut through debates between Humian skeptics and rationalists of a Leibniz-Wolffian stripe. It established reason as an immanent tribunal, judging its possibilities and errors. Through an analysis of the structure of intuition and the deduction of the categories intrinsic to judgement, largely scientific, the edifice of the first Critique raised epistemology out of metaphysics and psychologism. Together, the Antimonies and Paralogisms of pure reason indicated the contradictions and misuse of concepts into which rational speculation had hitherto fallen. The paralogisms of the erstwhile rational psychology had argued in favor of the simplicity, substantiality, and the personality of the soul, thereby following a logic of substance and accidents where passions and affects were the latter, attaching to that soul. By showing the errors of the paralogisms, Kant effectively “dispatched” virtually all affects to his “science of man and the world,” the anthropology of human practice. However, the solution to Kant’s Paralogisms of the soul opened a new circle, such that our inner sense and its logical condition, transcendental apperception preceded, but could only be thought thanks to, the categories of understanding. At stake was the intrinsic unity of consciousness within the transcendental project. Although the Critique of Practical Reason retained a crucial intellectual affect, Achtung (attention and respect), Kant’s epistemology required clear distinctions between understanding, reason, and affects. In a sense, ontology and epistemology bifurcate into the domains of a transcendental approach to experience as representation and what lays outside it (including pre-reflective sensibility and affects).

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