scholarly journals Optimal feeding systems for small-scale dairy herds in the North West Province, South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Patience Manzana ◽  
Cheryl M.E. McCrindle ◽  
P. Julius Sebei ◽  
Leon Prozesky
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Feeding Systems ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

Land redistribution was legislated in 1994; it was designed to resolve historical imbalances inland ownership in South Africa. Between 2002 and 2006, a longitudinal observational studywas conducted with 15 purposively selected small-scale dairy farmers in a land redistributionproject in Central North West Province. Four farmers left the project over the period. For thepurposes of this study, a small-scale dairy farm was defined as a farm that produces less than500 L of milk a day, irrespective of the number of cows or size of the farm. The study wasconducted in three phases. In the first phase, situational analysis using participatory ruralappraisal (PRA) and observation was used to outline the extent of the constraints and designappropriate interventions. Feeds that were used were tested and evaluated. In the secondphase, three different feeding systems were designed from the data obtained from PRA. Thesewere: (1) A semi-intensive farm-based ration using available crops, pastures and crop residueswith minimal rations purchased. (2) An intensive, zero-grazing dairy system using a totalmixed ration. (3) A traditional, extensive or dual-purpose system, where the calf drank fromthe cow until weaning and milking was done only once a day. In the third phase, adoptionwas monitored. By July 2006, all remaining farmers had changed to commercially formulatedrations or licks and the body condition score of the cows had improved. It was concluded thatveterinary extension based on PRA and a holistic systems approach was a good option forsuch complex problems. Mentoring by commercial dairy farmers, veterinary and extensionservices appeared to be viable. Further research should be done to optimise the traditionalmodel of dairy farming, as this was relatively profitable, had a lower risk and was less labourintensive.

scholarly journals Microbial and Chemical Adulterants Assessment of Raw Cow Milk Collected from Dairy Farms of Hlabisa Villages, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.H. Xulu ◽  
S. Jamal-Ally ◽  
K.D. Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

Background: Milk is one of the most nutritious foods providing a variety of proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins needed to maintain, grow, and develop the body. The aim of this study was to assess microbial and chemical adulterants of raw cow milk collected from dairy farms of Hlabisa villages, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Methods: A total of 68 raw cow milk samples were obtained from teats sampling points, milking buckets, and communal pooling buckets. The bacteriological analysis was conducted for the detection of various bacteria in milk samples. Biochemical tests were also done to detect some chemical adulterants in milk samples. Results: Total bacterial count of teats, milking buckets, and communal milk pooling buckets were 6.91, 6.06, and 6.06 log Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/ml, respectively. The most found chemical adulterant was urea detected in 23 out of 68 (33.8%) samples, followed by hydrogen peroxide showed in 22 out of 68 (32.3%) samples. However, none of the samples were contaminated with formalin, starch, and neutralizer. Conclusion: The present study revealed high microbial contamination of raw cow milk produced by rural small-scale dairy farmers of Hlabisa villages, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, indicating the lack of standard operating sanitation. It was also stated that raw milk samples contained various types of chemical adulterants that may lead to severe health problems. Good hygiene practices must be adopted by small-scale dairy farmers at every stage of their milk handling and processing.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic, health and management aspects of working donkeys in Moretele 1, North West Province, South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wells ◽  
R.C. Krecek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Score Index

Structured interviews using a questionnaire were conducted to gather information on socioeconomic aspects, health, nutrition, breeding and management of working equids in 3 study areas of Moretele 1 near Hammanskraal, North West Province, South Africa. The questionnaire addressed questions about the role of animals with a focus on donkeys used for work in these areas. Extension and animal health officers and donkey owners participated. The analysis highlights the use of donkeys for transport of water, wood and people; that ticks, wounds and harness sores are the conditions reported most frequently by owners; and that the range for the body condition score index of 2.7-4.0 suggests that an overall adequate level of nutrition and management is maintained in the donkeys in these villages.

scholarly journals Informing Comprehensive HIV Prevention: A Situational Analysis of the HIV Prevention and Care Context, North West Province South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e102904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri A. Lippman ◽  
Sarah Treves-Kagan ◽  
Jennifer M. Gilvydis ◽  
Evasen Naidoo ◽  
Gertrude Khumalo-Sakutukwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Province

An Exploratory Study in to the Benefits and Challenges Facing Small-Scale Farmers in the Taung Irrigation Scheme, North West Province, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ekobi ◽  
Lovelyne Mboh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Made In

This study examined the benefits and challenges small-scale farmers faced in the Taung irrigation scheme. Irrigation schemes have been identified as the backbone in promoting agriculture in South Africa. Nevertheless, literature have shown that very few studies have been conducted on the benefits and challenges facing small-scale farmers in irrigation schemes, there is a need to supplement this gap. The findings contend that Taung irrigation scheme enabled small-scale framers to generate income. Income made in the scheme permitted small-scale farmers to purchase gardening tools such as watering cans, cattle ploughs and hoes to improve productivity. The scheme also provides a platform for farmers to produce more food therefore, a reduction in poverty incidence in the area. However, challenges such as lack of market, absence of institutional structure, farming capital, transport and loss of harvest through theft are affecting farmers on the scheme. Institutional structure is needed since it allows small-scale farmers to make decision regarding management of the scheme.

scholarly journals Participatory rural appraisal to investigate constraints in reporting cattle mortalities in the Odi district of North West Province, South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.N. Makgatho ◽  
C.M.E. McCrindle ◽  
J.H. Owen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
North West ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Rural Appraisal

Mortalities in cattle can have severe financial implications for small scale and communal farmers in South Africa. They could also be a measurable indicator for surveillance of animal diseases, such as those listed by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), or diseases included in the regulations of the South African Animal Diseases Act, 1984 (Act 35 of 1984). In order to prevent further mortalities and for accurate surveillance and monitoring of diseases, it is important that farmers participate in the determination of causes of mortality in their cattle. This paper reports on constraints of the reporting diseases to the state veterinary services, the study area being Odi district, in the North West Province. The method that was followed was based on participatory rural appraisal. The selected cattle owners participated in every phase. They were the ones who first spoke to veterinary services about ways to decrease the diseases and mortalities of their cattle. A questionnaire to verify the facts complemented the survey. A total number of 60 farmers were randomly selected from 12 villages. One farmer withdrew, leaving 59 farmers. Most of the farmers in the study were men (n = 55). The area of study was communal and the farming system traditional and extensive. It was suspected that there was a communication problem and this was proven by the results of the research, as 23 farmers were not even aware that mortalities have to be reported by law. The real problem was that causes of death were not being diagnosed because farmers were not aware that a necropsy could give information on the causes of death. Farmers were keen to receive training in elementary necropsy techniques so as to be able to discuss the cause of death of cattle with the state veterinarian.

scholarly journals Irrigation Water Value at Small-scale Schemes: Evidence from the North West Province, South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Speelman ◽  
S. Farolfi ◽  
S. Perret ◽  
L. D'haese ◽  
M. D'haese
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Value ◽  
North West Province
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