scholarly journals Usefulness of the HIV Dementia Scale in Nigerian patients with HIV/AIDS

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubunmi A Ogunrin ◽  
Emeka U Eze ◽  
Francis Alika
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cognitive Tools ◽  
Hiv Dementia ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The University ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective: Information on the cognitive complications of HIV/AIDS from sub-Saharan Africa, where statistics on HIV is alarming, is sparse because of lack of validated cognitive tools. This study assessed the usefulness and predictive validity of the HIV Dementia Scale (HDS) as a screening tool among HIV-positive Nigerian Africans. Design: HIV-positive patients were randomly selected over a period of two months. Setting: The HIV/AIDS outpatient clinic of the University teaching hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Subjects: Asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV-positive patients were compared with age, sex and level of education-matched controls. Outcome measures: Cognitive performances on the modified HIV Dementia scale. Results: The performances of 160 HIV-positive (comprising 80 asymptomatic and 80 symptomatic) subjects were compared with 80 age, sex and level of education-matched HIV-negative subjects on the HDS. The mean HDS scores (maximum =12) were 10.78±1.18 (comparison subjects), 8.85±1.38 (asymptomatic) and 5.2±1.13 (symptomatic); p

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on adolescents’ HIV-positive status disclosure in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol for a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patience Adzordor ◽  
Clement Avoka ◽  
Vitalis Bawontuo ◽  
Silas Agbesi ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Status Disclosure ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) homes most of the people living with HIV/AIDS in the world. Adolescents/young people are a vulnerable population and at high risk of HIV infection. Identifying and bridging the research gaps on the disclosure of HIV-positive status among adolescents, particularly to their sexual partners, is essential to inform appropriate policy planning and implementation towards preventing HIV transmission. This study will aim to explore literature and describe the evidence on HIV-positive status disclosure among adolescents in SSA. Methods The framework provided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and improved by Levac and colleagues will be used to conduct a scoping review. A keyword search for relevant literature presenting evidence on HIV-positive status disclosure among adolescents in SSA will be conducted in CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS. Date limitations will be removed, but Boolean terms “AND” and “OR” as well as Medical Subject Headings terms will be included where possible and syntax modified to suit the database during the search. Additional relevant articles will be sought from the reference lists of all included studies using a snowballing method. Two reviewers will independently screen the articles at the abstract and full-text screening phases in order to reduce bias and improve the reliability of this study’s findings. A tabular form will be developed using Microsoft Word and piloted for data extraction. Thematic content analysis will be conducted, and a narrative summary of all relevant outcomes reported. Quality appraisal of the included studies for this proposed study will be performed utilizing the recent mixed methods appraisal tool. Discussion The evidence produced by this review may help inform policy and strategies to reduce the incidence of HIV infection among adolescents and improve social support for adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in SSA. It may also reveal literature gaps to guide future researches to further inform HIV policies for adolescents in SSA. Platforms such as peer review journals, policy briefs, and conferences will be used to disseminate this study’s findings.

scholarly journals ONSET OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN HIV/AIDS-AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONICA A. MAGADI ◽  
JOSEPH UCHUDI
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Aids

SummaryThis paper examines the effect of orphanhood and HIV status of adults in a household on onset of sexual activity among adolescent girls and boys aged 15–17 years in sub-Saharan Africa. Multilevel logistic regression models were applied to pooled Demographic and Health Surveys data from nineteen countries of sub-Saharan Africa where HIV test data were collected during 2003–2008 from nationally representative samples of men and women of reproductive age. The results highlight increased vulnerability among adolescent boys and girls living in households where an adult is infected with HIV, and adolescent boys who are paternal orphans. On average, adolescent boys and girls living in households where at least one adult is HIV-positive have about 25% higher odds of having initiated sexual activity compared with their counterparts of similar characteristics in households where no adult is HIV-positive. Furthermore, adolescent boys who are paternal orphans have about 25% higher odds of having initiated sexual activity than their non-orphan counterparts of similar individual characteristics. Further analysis reveals that household circumstances relating to living arrangements and poverty are important pathways through which household HIV/AIDS status is linked to adolescent sexual debut. The findings underscore the importance of international efforts in the sub-Saharan Africa region to address the plight of other children in HIV/AIDS-affected households, beyond orphans.

scholarly journals Myomectomy under Cervico-Isthmic Tourniquet: Experience of the Gynecologic-Obstetric Department at the University Teaching Hospital of Cocody (Abidjan)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Adjoby Cassou Roland ◽  
◽  
Akobé Priva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The University ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To report the experience of Cocody’s University Teaching Hospital in the practice of myomectomies under cervico-isthmic tourniquet and to assess its impact on per and post-operative blood loss. Methodology: It was a case control study covering a 10-year period (that is from January 2009 to December 2018), and a population of 600 patients divided into two groups (A and B). The first (A) includes all patients admitted and operated on uterine myomas after the introduction of a cervico-isthmic tourniquet (CIT) by Foley catheter (case) and the second all patients admitted and operated on without CIT(Control). Results: The average age of patients was 37 years with extremes of 24 and 50 years They were nulligestous in 38.3% of cases and nulliparous in 61.7% of cases. Hemorrhagic complications made up 65% of the surgical indications. The practice of myomectomy under cervico-isthmic tourniquet was associated with a relatively significant reduction in the duration of intervention including 20 minutes of time saved and a considerable reduction in blood loss(p<0,001). Blood loss was estimated at 438.8 ml (+/- 127) in the CIT group, compared to 685.4 ml (+/- 182) in the control group(p<0,001). The postoperative hemoglobin rate in the cervico-isthmic tourniquet patients was 10.1 g/dl compared to 8.7 g/dl in the non-distort patients(p<0,0012). No complications related to the presence of CIT were observed after sufficient follow-up. The length of stay in the hospital was estimated to be 2.8 days compared to 4.4 days in patients who did not use a tourniquet (p=0,15). Conclusion: The use of the cervico-isthmic tourniquet in myomectomy, considerably limiting blood loss and reducing postoperative morbidity, appears to be an alternative to blood transfusion in countries of sub-Saharan Africa, where the dispensing of blood products remains a problem.

scholarly journals Die erediensgebed en MIV/vigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. De Klerk
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Action ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Worship Service ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Active Care ◽  
Hiv Aids

Prayers in the worship service and HIV/Aids It seems as if most churches are still – to a great extent – not seriously involved in the problems of the HIV/Aids pandemic, and that prayers in the worship service for people suffering from HIV/Aids are few or even totally absent. The extent of the pandemic is overwhelming, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The needs and the suffering of Aids patients in terms of the physical, psychological and social aspects of their lives are likewise radical. The stigmatisation of Aids is far-reaching among all the population groups and forms the source of degradation and loneliness experienced by HIV-positive people. Churches should thus bring this suffering before God in prayer. Prayer is a communicative action in the worship service, but it is much more than communication; it is communion with the almighty God. In his communion with people praying to Him, God gives them strength to bring about a change of heart and attitude towards those for whom they are praying. Guidelines are suggested for focusing on HIV/Aids too in the elements of doxology, thanksgiving, humbling and prayers during the worship service. The conclusion arrived at implies that occasional worship-service prayers focusing on HIV/Aids can have a definite influence on the congregation’s attitude towards, their involvement with, and their active care for people suffering from HIV/Aids.

scholarly journals Mapping the evidence of intimate partner violence among women living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e041326
Author(s):  
Mengistu Meskele ◽  
Nelisiwe Khuzwayo ◽  
Myra Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

ObjectivesThe present study undertakes a scoping review aimed to map the evidence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women living with HIV/AIDS in Africa.DesignWe used the online database to identify papers published from 1 January 2009 to 1 April 2019, from which we selected 21 articles from Uganda, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, Zambia, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Tanzania and Swaziland that used IPV as an outcome variable among women living with HIV/AIDS.Data sourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO host, Google Scholar.Eligibility criteriaWe included women who were aged 15 years and above, living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.Data extraction and synthesisWe conducted the abstract screening with two independent reviewers. We also performed full-text screening. We used the six methodological frameworks proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool was used to determine the quality of the studies. We used NVIVO software V.12 to undertake a thematic analysis.ResultsOf the studies, the majority, 57.1%, reported cross-sectional results. In comparison, 23.8% examined qualitative studies, 9.5% were clinical trials, 4.8% were cohort studies and the remaining 4.8% covered grey literature. This review revealed evidence of IPV experience among women with HIV/AIDS, evidence of how HIV status disclosure influences IPV, proof of the association of sociodemographic characteristics with IPV and implications for practice. Moreover, the review revealed that following the serostatus disclosure, there is evidence of heightened risk for IPV.ConclusionsThis study found evidence of IPV among women living with HIV/AIDS. The HIV-positive women were at considerable risk of IPV after disclosure of their serostatus to a male partner. Therefore, further research is needed to promote action to reduce IPV among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women and to determine healthcare workers’ IPV screening experience.

scholarly journals The BabySaver: Design of a New Device for Neonatal Resuscitation at Birth with Intact Placental Circulation

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
James Ditai ◽  
Aisling Barry ◽  
Kathy Burgoine ◽  
Anthony K. Mbonye ◽  
Julius N. Wandabwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Skilled Birth Attendants ◽  
New Device ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University

The initial bedside care of premature babies with an intact cord has been shown to reduce mortality; there is evidence that resuscitation of term babies with an intact cord may also improve outcomes. This process has been facilitated by the development of bedside resuscitation surfaces. These new devices are unaffordable, however, in most of sub-Saharan Africa, where 42% of the world’s 2.4 million annual newborn deaths occur. This paper describes the rationale and design of BabySaver, an innovative low-cost mobile resuscitation unit, which was developed iteratively over five years in a collaboration between the Sanyu Africa Research Institute (SAfRI) in Uganda and the University of Liverpool in the UK. The final BabySaver design comprises two compartments; a tray to provide a firm resuscitation surface, and a base to store resuscitation equipment. The design was formed while considering contextual factors, using the views of individual women from the community served by the local hospitals, medical staff, and skilled birth attendants in both Uganda and the UK.

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