scholarly journals HIV sero-conversion during late pregnancy – when to retest

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Kalk ◽  
Amy Slogrove ◽  
David P Speert ◽  
Julie A Bettinger ◽  
Mark F Cotton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
The South ◽  
Hiv Seroconversion ◽  
National Prevention ◽  
Mother To Child

The South African National Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV programme has resulted in significant reductions in vertical transmission, but new infant HIV infections continue to occur. We present two cases of HIV seroconversion during late pregnancy, demonstrating the limitations of the current programme. These could be mitigated by expanding the programme to include maternal testing at delivery and at immunisation clinic visits as we pursue the elimination of mother-to-child transmission.

Operational effectiveness and 36 week HIV-free survival in the South African programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1

AIDS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra J Jackson ◽  
Mickey Chopra ◽  
Tanya M Doherty ◽  
Mark SE Colvin ◽  
Jonathan B Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
The South ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals The Contribution of Maternal HIV Seroconversion During Late Pregnancy and Breastfeeding to Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh F. Johnson ◽  
Kathryn Stinson ◽  
Marie-Louise Newell ◽  
Ruth M. Bland ◽  
Harry Moultrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Seroconversion ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Achievements and Challenges in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV—A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Rural Hospital in Northern Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2751
Author(s):  
Sunniva Marie Nydal ◽  
Yuda Munyaw ◽  
Johan N. Bruun ◽  
Arne Broch Brantsæter
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Rural Hospital ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

Despite the goal of eliminating new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in children, mother-to-child transmission is still common in resource-poor countries. The aims of this study were to assess the occurrence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) by age 18 months, risk factors for transmission, and the implementation of the national prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) program in a rural hospital in Tanzania. Data were collated from various medical registers and records. We included 172 children and 167 HIV-infected mothers. Among 88 children (51%) with adequate information, 9 (10.2%) were infected. Increased risk of MTCT was associated with late testing of the child (>2 months) [OR = 9.5 (95% CI: 1.8–49.4)], absence of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy [OR = 9.7 (95% CI: 2.1–46.1)], and maternal CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm3 [OR = 15.3 (95% CI: 2.1–111)]. We were unable to determine the occurrence of MTCT transmission in 84 children (49%). The results from this study highlight that there is an urgent need for enhanced efforts to improve follow-up of HIV-exposed children, to improve documentation in registries and records, and to facilitate ease of linkage between these.

HIV/AIDS and Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 376-380
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhara Chandrashekhara ◽  
Sandeepkumar O
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

Children are innocent victims of HIV infection through vertical transmission. Children who are HIV positive, either through mother-to-child transmission or following sexual abuse, are often not told what could happen to them, and they will certainly be frightened when they experience symptoms.

scholarly journals The case for Option B and Optional B+: Ensuring that South Africa’s commitment to eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV becomes a reality

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Besada ◽  
G Van Cutsem ◽  
E Goemaere ◽  
N Ford ◽  
H Bygrave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Population Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
African Journal ◽  
In Pregnancy

In a previous issue of the Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, Pillay and Black summarised the trade-offs of the safety of efavirenz use in pregnancy (Pillay P, Black V. Safety, strength and simplicity of efavirenz in pregnancy. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 2012;13(1):28-33.). Highlighting the benefits of the World Health Organization’s proposed options for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, the authors argued that the South African government should adopt Option B as national PMTCT policy and pilot projects implementing Option B+ as a means of assessing the individual- and population-level effect of the intervention. We echo this call and further propose that the option to remain on lifelong antiretroviral therapy, effectively adopting PMTCT Option B+, be offered to pregnant women following the cessation of breastfeeding, for their own health, following the provision of counselling on associated benefits and risks. Here we highlight the benefits of Options B and B+.

scholarly journals Situation of PMTCT in Bhutan, 14 Years’ Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Phurb Dorji ◽  
Ripa Chakma ◽  
Lekey Khandu
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Pmtct Program ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
First Case ◽  
Mtct Rate ◽  
Slow Rise ◽  
Mother To Child

Introduction: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission activities form important part of HIV/AIDS prevention program of any community or country. Methods: Information from the PMTCT Programme from the Ministry of Health and other published literature on HIV in Bhutan were reviewed. Results: The first case of mother to child transmission was reported in Bhutan in 2001. However, the retrospective study shows that one of the earliest mothers-to- child transmissions could have taken place back in 1997. Strategies for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Bhutan have endured substantial advancement based on global scientific evidence. It is a concern as there is a slow rise in the number of HIV cases. The main modeof transmission is unsafe heterosexual practice in Bhutan. Before the planned PMTCT program, 3 children were infected. After launch of proper PMTCT program, we had all the components of effective strategies in PMCT program which have evolved with better ones with time. Due to this, MTCT was 3.2%. With undetected HIV infections, 32 children were born outside of the program and actual national MTCT rate is 5.5%. Conclusion: There is increasing number of people every year with new HIV infections. In addition, our detection gap is 45% with about 602 undiagnosed in the community. Every effort should be put forward to upscale the PMTCT program for Bhutan to eliminate Mother-to-Child transmission (MTCT) of HIV by 2020 and beyond.

scholarly journals Call To action - Prevention of mother To child transmission of HIV

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ashraf Hassen Coovadia ◽  
Ameena Ebrahim Goga ◽  
Laurie Schowalter
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Pmtct Programme ◽  
Is Implementation ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Drug Regimens ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Mother To Child

The Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT)programme is a critical intervention to reduce the incidence of paediatric HIV infections . It is also a key intervention to decrease infant, child and maternal mortality. The optimal implementation of a sound, evidence-based PMTCT programme is essential to meet both the HIV reduction targets in the National Strategic Plan1 and to achieve Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) 4 (reducing infant and child mortality) and 5 (reducing maternal mortalty).2 Since 2001, South Africa has been implementing a programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Since 2007, national PMTCT policy has evolved into a strong, enabling framework that should reduce vertical transmission significantly. This paper reviews the milestone studies that have contributed to our knowledge about drug regimens to reduce MTCT (mother-to-child transmission of HIV), reviews the latest South African PMTCT guidelines and the possible future changes. Strengthened / revised drug regimens for PMTCT are, essential but insufficient for measureable decreases in HIV transmission and improvements in maternal and childl health. The main challenge is implementation. Until the enhanced PMTCT policy is effectively operationalised, measureable achievements will remain elusive.

scholarly journals An approach for evaluating early and long term mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) in low and middle income countries: a South African experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra J. Jackson ◽  
Thu-Ha Dinh ◽  
Carl J. Lombard ◽  
Gayle G. Sherman ◽  
Ameena E. Goga
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Background Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV is a global public health target. Robust, feasible methodologies to measure population level impact of programmes to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) are needed in high HIV prevalence settings. We present a summary of the protocol of the South African PMTCT Evaluation (SAPMTCTE) with its revision over three repeated rounds of the survey, 2010–2014. Methods Three cross sectional surveys (2010, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013) were conducted in 580 primary health care immunisation service points randomly selected after stratified multistage probability proportional to size sampling. All infants aged 4–8 weeks receiving their six-week immunisation at a sampled facility on the day of the visit were eligible to participate. Trained research nurses conducted interviews and took infant dried blood spot (iDBS) samples for HIV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and total nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Interviews were conducted using mobile phones and iDBS were sent to the National Health Laboratory for testing. All findings were adjusted for study design, non-response, and weighted for number of South African live-birth in each study round. In 2012 a national closed cohort of these 4 to 8-week old infants testing EIA positive (HIV Exposed Infants) from the 2012–2013 cross-sectional survey was established to estimate longer-term PMTCT impact to 18 months. Follow-up analyses were to estimate weighted cumulative MTCT until 18 months, postnatal MTCT from 6 weeks until 18 months and a combined outcome of MTCT-or-death, using a competing risks model, with death as a competing risk. HIV-free survival was defined as a child surviving and HIV-negative up to 18 months or last visit seen. A weighted cumulative incidence analysis was conducted, adjusting for survey design effects. Discussion In the absence of robust high-quality routine medical recording systems, in the context of a generalised HIV epidemic, national surveys can be used to monitor PMTCT effectiveness; however, monitoring long-term outcomes nationally is difficult due to poor retention in care.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document