scholarly journals Chylothorax associated with non-endemic Kaposi’s sarcoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Kamal Verma ◽  
Miriam Haverkamp ◽  
Mukendi Kayembe ◽  
Zola Musimar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Clinical Scenario ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Traumatic Chylothorax

Chylothorax is a rare cause of pleural effusion, seen in approximately 2% of cases. In HIV-positive patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), the development of chylothorax presents as a diagnostic challenge with an aggressive course and poor, often lethal outcome. In this clinical scenario, the aetiology of chylothorax may include infections and malignancy, while pleural fluid examination and computed tomography of the mediastinum may fail to establish a cause. We present a case of KS-associated non-traumatic chylothorax resulting in death, and a review of available literature on this condition.

Pleural Effusion

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Pleural Thickening ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion discusses the radiographic and computed tomography (CT) manifestations of this entity. Pleural effusion is classified based on pleural fluid analysis using Light’s criteria: transudative and exudative. Free pleural fluid collects in the most dependent aspect of the pleural space due to gravitational effects. It exhibits a meniscus configuration on upright chest radiography. Pleural effusion in a supine or semiupright patient is more difficult to identify but may be suspected in cases with a homogeneous or gradient-like opacity over the lower hemithorax, elevation of the hemidiaphragm contour, or an apical cap. Subpulmonic pleural effusion manifests with lateral displacement of the apex of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm contour and increased distance between the gastric air bubble and pseudodiaphragmatic contour. Exudative pleural effusion should be suspected in cases with CT findings of pleural thickening, enhancement, septations, and/or loculations.

Classic Kaposi's sarcoma on the glans penis only: Case report

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
E. Gastaldi ◽  
S. Benvenuti ◽  
B. Mennini ◽  
M. Iacoviello ◽  
M. Caviglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Glans Penis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Partial Penectomy

The Authors report a case of Kaposi's sarcoma presenting on the glans penis only in a non-HIV positive patient, who had not been treated with immuno-suppressive drugs. In our experience and according to a review of specific literature, choice treatment would seem to be a radiotherapeutic approach followed by partial penectomy in the event of recurrence.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Association of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Kaposi’s Sarcoma in an Immunocompetent Subject: A Case Report and Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sofia Baina ◽  
Jihane Achrane ◽  
Jouda Benamor ◽  
Jamal Eddine Bourkadi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Negative Patient ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hiv Negative

Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) occurs as a pathological entity that may be classified into four different types: classic, endemic, epidemic, and iatrogenic. It can arise among HIV-positive subjects or within immunosuppression, yet exceptionally of tuberculous origin. We describe a new case report of an HIV-negative patient, manifesting Kaposi’s disease in the course of tuberculosis, with the aim to assess this uncommon disorder and to outline this rare atypical association.

scholarly journals Application of Computed Tomography (CT) Attenuation Values in Diagnosis of Transudate and Exudate in Patients with Pleural Effusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Keshab Sharma ◽  
PS Lamichhane ◽  
BK Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Ct Attenuation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Attenuation Values

Background: Pleural effusion is the pathologic accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. The fluid analysis yields important diagnostic information, and in certain cases, fluid analysis alone is enough for diagnosis. Analysis of pleural fluid by thoracentesis with imaging guidance helps to determine the cause of pleural effusion. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in characterizing pleural fluid based on attenuation values and CT appearance. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 100 patients admitted to Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between January 1, 2017 and February 28, 2018. Patients who were diagnosed with pleural effusion and had a chest CT followed by diagnostic thoracentesis within 48 hours were included in the study. Effusions were classified as exudates or transudates using laboratory biochemistry markers on the basis of Light’s criteria. The mean attenuation values of the pleural effusions were measured in Hounsfield units in all patients using a region of interest with the greatest quantity of fluid. Each CT scan was also reviewed for the presence of additional pleural features. Results: According to Light’s criteria, 26 of 100 patients with pleural effusions had transudates, and the remaining patients had exudates. The mean attenuation of the exudates (16.5 ±1.7 HU; 95% CI, range, -33.4 – 44 HU) was significantly higher than the mean attenuation of the transudates (11.6 ±0.57 HU; 95% CI, range, 5 - 16 HU), (P = 0.0001). None of the additional CT features accurately differentiated exudates from transudates (P = 0.70). Fluid loculation was found in 35.13% of exudates and in 19.23% of transudates. Pleural thickening was found in 29.7% of exudates and in 15.3% of transudates. Pleural nodule was found in 10.8% of exudates which all were related to the malignancy. Conclusion: CT attenuation values may be useful in differentiating exudates from transudates. Exudates had significantly higher Hounsfield units in CT scan. Additional signs, such as fluid loculation, pleural thickness, and pleural nodules were more commonly found in patients with exudative effusions and could be considered and may provide further information for the differentiation.

Update on Kaposi's sarcoma and other HHV8 associated diseases. Part 2: pathogenesis, Castleman's disease, and pleural effusion lymphoma

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich R Hengge ◽  
Thomas Ruzicka ◽  
Stephen K Tyring ◽  
Martin Stuschke ◽  
Michael Roggendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Castleman’S Disease ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Castleman's Disease ◽  
Associated Diseases

scholarly journals Pulmonary Kaposi's Sarcoma: Diagnostic Features and Natural History in Patients with Acquired Immuneodeficiency Syndrome

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Willis Tsai ◽  
Charles K Chan ◽  
Frances Shepherd ◽  
Carol Sawka
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Presenting Symptoms

OBJECTIVE:This retrospective descriptive study was undertaken to highlight the diagnostic features and natural history of pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma (KS).METHODS:Thirty-three patients with symptomatic pulmonary KS were assembled from a cohort of 239 patient with KS. Pulmonary KS was diagnosed by visualization of endobronchial lesions at bronchoscopy or based on clinical-radiological correlation and exclusion of opportunistic infections.RESULTS:The median time from initial presentation with KS to the development of pulmonary involvement was nine months. Dyspnea (79%) and dry cough (79%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Oral palatal involvement was present in 58% of patients with pulmonary KS. Pulmonary nodules (58%) were the most common radiological finding, but an interstitial pattern was noted in 42% of patients. Pleural effusion was present in 39%. Radiological patterns were not static, as 50% of patients with an initial interstitial pattern progressed to develop poorly formed nodules in the peripheral lung fields. Endobronchial lesions were noted on bronchoscopy in 23 patients. A presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary KS was made in 10 patients, with autopsy confirmation in four. Chemotherapy completely resolved symptoms in nine of 25 treated (36%) patients, and a further nine (36%) experienced a significant reduction in symptoms. Radiological improvement was noted in two of the clinical responders. Median survival from the time of diagnosis of pulmonary KS was only eight months, and symptoms relapsed within six weeks of achieving the best clinical response with chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONS:Pulmonary KS presents a difficult diagnostic challenge due to a nonspecific constellation of symptoms and radiological findings. Bronchoscopy is diagnostic when endobronchial lesions are visualized but, more important, it can exclude opportunistic infections. In some patients, even with a negative bronchoscopy, the diagnosis may still be established using clinical-radiographic correlation, particularly if there is radiological evolution to a nodular pattern over time. Multidrug chemotherapeutic regimens appear to have some symptomatic benefit, but radiological improvement is extremely limited. Progression of disease occurs in virtually all patients, and the median survival is only eight months from the point of recognition of pulmonary KS.

scholarly journals The Cancer-Associated Virus Landscape in HIV Patients with Oral Hairy Leukoplakia, Kaposi's Sarcoma, and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Burbelo ◽  
Joseph A. Kovacs ◽  
Jason Wagner ◽  
Ahmad Bayat ◽  
Craig S. Rhodes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia ◽  
Hairy Leukoplakia ◽  
Antibody Levels

Although HIV-positive patients are at higher risk for developing a variety of infection-related cancers, the prevalence of infections with the seven known cancer-associated viruses has not been studied. Luciferase immunoprecipitation systems were used to evaluate antiviral antibodies in four 23-person groups: healthy blood donors and HIV-infected patients with oral hairy leukoplakia (OLP), Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Antibody profiling revealed that all HIV-positive individuals were strongly seropositive for anti-gp41 and antireverse transcriptase antibodies. However, anti-p24 HIV antibody levels were highly variable and some OLP and KS patients demonstrated weak or negative responses. Profiling two EBV antigens revealed no statistical difference in antibody levels among the three HIV-infected groups. A high frequency of KSHV infection was detected in HIV patients including 100% of KS, 78% of OLP, and 57% of NHL patients. Most HIV-infected subjects (84%) showed anti-HBV core antibodies, but only a few showed antibodies against HCV. MCV seropositivity was also common (94%) in the HIV-infected individuals and KS patients showed statistically higher antibody levels compared to the OLP and NHL patients. Overall, 68% of the HIV-infected patients showed seropositivity with at least four cancer-associated viruses. Antibody profiles against these and other infectious agents could be useful for enhancing the clinical management of HIV patients.

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