scholarly journals A case of human survival of rabies, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Weyer ◽  
Veerle Msimang-Dermaux ◽  
Janusz T. Paweska ◽  
Kevin Le Roux ◽  
Premi Govender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Human survival from rabies is exceptionally rare. We report a case of human survival (with severe neurological sequelae) in a child from South Africa. The patient was exposed to rabid dogs on two separate occasions and subjected to incomplete post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies.

Low awareness and use of post-exposure prophylaxis among adolescents and young adults in South Africa: implications for the prevention of new HIV infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
Mohammed Sanusi Yusuf ◽  
Elmon Mudefi ◽  
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi ◽  
Ntombana Rala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

HIV/AIDS Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for Victims of Sexual Assault in South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
B L Meel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

An earlier study (Meel, 2003) showed that more than 90% of victims of sexual assault in Transkei region, South Africa, were HIV-seronegative at the time of the incident. This was despite the fact that the community had a high prevalence of HIV. In sexual assault cases post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is recommended to prevent HIV transmission. Therefore, therapy with zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine (3TC) is justified. The purpose of this study is to describe the demographic characteristics of the victims, to assess the outcome of HIV transmission and to evaluate the success of PEP after its implementation in Transkei. There were 594 victims of sexual assault during the study period at Sinawe Centre from 2000-2003. Of these, 346 (58.2%) were children under the age of 15 years. Seventeen children (2.9%) were found to be HIV positive at the first test. Among the adults, 58(9.8%) tested HIV positive. Of the 225 who attended after PEP was introduced, only two were found to be HIV seropositive at the time of the incident. A second test was recommended after four weeks and a third after 12 weeks. The majority of the victims did not report for the second test, but all 35 who did come to be tested were seronegative. Seventeen of those were between 11-15 years of age. Only seven victims came for the third test, and they, too, were negative. Nausea and vomiting were the commonest side effects of PEP treatment in four patients and one developed a generalized rash. Only one victim seroconverted.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitudes of non-occupational HIV post-exposure prophylaxis amongst first- and second-year medical students at Stellenbosch University in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nondumiso B.Q. Ncube ◽  
Willem A.J. Meintjes ◽  
Lumbwe Chola
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a worldwide problem, with 68% of infected people residing in sub-Saharan Africa. Antiretroviral therapy is used as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent infection in cases of occupational exposure, and use has recently been expanded to nonoccupational exposure. Studies have demonstrated a lack of awareness of non-occupational PEP (NOPEP) in the general population.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards availability of, access to and use of NO-PEP amongst first- and second-year medical students.Setting: Participants were medical undergraduates of Stellenbosch University in the Western Cape of South Africa who were registered in 2013.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 169 students was performed. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires handed out in a classroom in August 2013. Self-reported knowledge and attitudes towards NO-PEP and barriers to access to and use of NO-PEP were analysed using frequency tables. Associations between self-reported and objective knowledge of NO-PEP were analysed by odds ratios.Results: Over 90% of students had good knowledge on HIV transmission, and about 75% knew how it can be prevented. Twenty eight per cent (n = 47) of students reported knowledge of NO-PEP; 67% reported hearing about it from lecturers, whilst 1% reported hearing about it from their partner. Studentswho knew the correct procedure to take when a dose is forgotten were 2.4 times more likely to report knowledge of NO-PEP than those who did not know what to do when a dose is forgotten (p = 0.029). No other associations were statistically signifiant.Conclusion: Students had positive attitudes towards the use of NO-PEP and also identifid barriers to its use. Despite good knowledge of HIV prevention and transmission, knowledge on NO-PEP was poor.

Study of sharp injuries and blood splash exposures among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Bangalore

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Sivananjiah Pradeep ◽  
Suman Gadicherla Raghu ◽  
Prathab A G ◽  
Banashankari G Rudresh ◽  
Radhika Kunnavil
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sharps Injury ◽  
Sharps Injuries

The working environment of healthcare workers (HCW) exposes them to sharp injuries. This communication attempts to examine the injury registers, incidence of sharps injuries and blood splash exposures, and the post-exposure prophylaxis status of employees in a tertiary care hospital. Analysis included records form 54 locations of two units of a tertiary hospital attached to a Medical College. Maintenance of the injury register overall was highly satisfactory in both units. Two hundred and nine injuries were recorded from both units of the hospital. The majority of injuries (60.5%) occurred in the age group of 20-30 years with 70% among females. Waste handlers were at increased risk during waste management procedures. Thirty two percent of sharps injury injuries occurred in wards. Of the ward nursing staff, 25.3% received sharps injuries. Post-exposure prophylaxis for Hepatitis B (primary dose) was given to 25 HCWs; 11 received booster doses. The basic regimen for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis was given to 4 HCWs. Awareness about records maintenance, regular documentation, awareness and training, and implementation of appropriate preventive measures can reduce the incidence of injuries. Key words: Sharps, injury register, Health care workers (HCW),Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

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