scholarly journals The origin of the universe and nuclear synthesis

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
J. P. F. Sellschop
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Synthesis ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Nuclear Processes ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

The origin of the universe and nuclear synthesis are discussed in this paper. The concept of the “Big Bang” is introduced in cosmology from observational evidence that the universe is expanding. The language of elementary particle physics is used to describe the evolution of the universe starting at a very small fraction of a second after the "Big Bang”. Various “Eras” are identified during which certain nuclear processes predominate. At a later stage the remarkable nuclear synthesis of carbon takes place, leading to the evolution of other elements. Neutrino measurements are important to validate physical theories in this field and some results of such measurements by the WITS-CSIR Schonland Research Centre are presented.

Naming the Big Bang

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Kragh
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Consensus Model ◽  
Initial State ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
Fred Hoyle ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

The standard model of modern cosmology is known as the hot big bang, a name that refers to the initial state of the universe some fourteen billion years ago. The name Big Bang introduced by Fred Hoyle in 1949 is one of the most successful scientific neologisms ever. How did the name originate and how was it received by physicists and astronomers in the period leading up to the hot big bang consensus model in the late 1960s? How did it reflect the meanings of the origin of the universe, a concept that predates the name by nearly two decades? Contrary to what is often assumed, the name was not an instant success—it took more than twenty years before Big Bang became a household word in the scientific community. When it happened, it was used with different connotations, as is still the case. Moreover, it was used earlier and more frequently in popular than in scientific contexts, and not always relating to cosmology. It turns out that Hoyle’s celebrated name has a richer and more surprising history than commonly assumed and also that the literature on modern cosmology and its history includes many common mistakes and errors. An etymological approach centering on the name Big Bang provides supplementary insight to the historical understanding of the emergence of modern cosmology.

scholarly journals Quasi-Steady State Cosmology

1994 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
G. Burbidge ◽  
F. Hoyle ◽  
J.V. Narlikar
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

The standard big bang cosmology has the universe created out of a primeval explosion that not only created matter and radiation but also spacetime itself. The big bang event itself cannot be discussed within the framework of a physical theory but the events following it are in principle considered within the scope of science. The recent developments on the frontier between particle physics and cosmology highlight the attempts to chart the history of the very early universe.

Material content of the Universe: introductory survey

1986 ◽  
Vol 320 (1556) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Gravitational Influence ◽  
The Universe

Matter in the Universe can be detected either by the radiation it emits or by its gravitational influence. There is a strong suggestion that the Universe contains substantial hidden matter, mass without corresponding light. There are also arguments from elementary particle physics that the Universe should have closure density, which would also imply hidden mass. Observations of the chemical composition of the Universe interpreted in terms of the hot Big Bang cosmological theory suggest that this hidden matter cannot all be of baryonic form but must consist of weakly interacting elementary particles. A combination of observations and theoretical ideas about the origin of large-scale structure may demand that these particles are of a type which is not yet definitely known to exist.

scholarly journals The origin of life from primordial planets

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl H. Gibson ◽  
Rudolph E. Schild ◽  
N. Chandra Wickramasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Space Telescopes ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Primordial Planets ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Primordial Soup ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

AbstractThe origin of life and the origin of the Universe are among the most important problems of science and they might be inextricably linked. Hydro-gravitational-dynamics cosmology predicts hydrogen–helium gas planets in clumps as the dark matter of galaxies, with millions of planets per star. This unexpected prediction is supported by quasar microlensing of a galaxy and a flood of new data from space telescopes. Supernovae from stellar over-accretion of planets produce the chemicals (C, N, O, P, etc.) and abundant liquid-water domains required for first life and the means for wide scattering of life prototypes. Life originated following the plasma-to-gas transition between 2 and 20 Myr after the big bang, while planetary core oceans were between critical and freezing temperatures, and interchanges of material between planets constituted essentially a cosmological primordial soup. Images from optical, radio and infrared space telescopes suggest life on Earth was neither first nor inevitable.

The Development of Physical Cosmology

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-226
Author(s):  
P. J. E. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Stellar Astronomy ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Opening Up

This chapter introduces physical cosmology as the attempt to make sense of the large-scale nature of the material world by the methods of the natural sciences. It explains that physical cosmology operates under the special restrictions of astronomy, which is considered successful in sister fields, such as stellar astronomy and particle physics. It cites the substantial progress of cosmology as an enterprise in physical science, although the advances certainly have moved around considerable gaps in one's understanding. The chapter details how cosmology inherits from basic physics the more ancient and honorable tradition of attempts to understand where the world came from, where it is going, and why. It reviews believable evidence that the universe is expanding, the space between the galaxies opening up, and that this expansion traces back to a hot dense phase, the big bang.

scholarly journals The Origin of the Universe: Big Bang to God Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (33) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Dastagiri M.B.
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
God Concept ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Task ◽  
Scott Adams ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

The universe is full of mystical things. Since ages, the belief that God became the Universe is a theological doctrine that has been developed. Evolutionary biologists and Modern scientists still believes in Big Bang theory. Many thinkers, theologians, philosophers, and scientists are unable to confirm the exact process of the origin of the universe. Hence, this paper focuses on analyzing the history of theologians, mythologists, philosophers, cosmologists and scientists research evidences, insights, theories, and rationales to find out about the origin of the universe. The study uses metaanalysis of universe origin scriptures, research, insights, and bibliographies which was put forth by theologians, philosophers, cosmologists, and scientists. The study found that as per Bhagavad-Gita, God is the source of all spiritual, intellectual, and material world. In 1996, Pastor Bob Burridge of the Genevan Institute for Reformed Studies reveals that as per Christian theology, God becoming the universe is not accordant with it. In the 1940s, Charles Hartshorne identified pandeism as a possible model of God’s nature as God is capable of changing. In 2001, Scott Adams surmised that an omnipotent God annihilated himself in the Big Bang. This is considered as per mythologist’s world created from dead deity physical substances. All Catholic scientists reported that God’s light and love revealed his creation. Physicist Bernard Haisch in his book entitled “The God Theory” concluded that the deity became the universe. Alan Dawe's (2011) book titled “The God Franchise” concludes that human knowledge is a briefly separated piece of God’s skill. Raphael Lataster (2013), Australian religious studies Scholar, projected that "Pandeism is the future God-concept of all". There is a long list of Catholic scientists who in their quest for learning maintained God at the origin of all existence. Theology and mythology proofs are not conforming with both science and philosophy. The Evolving God concept is also a wrong idea of metaphysics. If it is so, man would have been found under developed state. Jafree Ozwald explains that based on human request, the universe is not able to fulfill it but God does. The universe is not God. God is God. The study concludes that God created the universe from nothing and He is yet to manifest Himself. God is a supernatural power and has a divine holy nature that is omnipresence, omnipotence, and omniscience. The study suggests that the sharing of knowledge, debate, discussions, and consensus based on their evidences and perceptions among theologists, philosophers, mythologists, and scientists on the universe origin is a future task.

scholarly journals Big Bang Theory based on Hubble’s constant

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Robert J Buenker ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

The experimental relations between the speeds of galaxies and their corresponding separations from the Earth are discussed in some detail. It is pointed out that Hubble’s Constant, which indicates that the speeds and separations have the same constant ratio for every known galaxy, can be combined with well-known relationships for objects under the influence of constant acceleration to give some concrete predictions of how these quantities vary with time. It is found according to this analysis that the acceleration of each galaxy is directly proportional to its speed, for example. This value is the net result of the continuous competition between gravitational forces and the inertial forces still operative since the Big Bang explosion. Its value is extremely small, equal to only 1.17x10-10 ft/s2 for the Hydra galaxy, for example, which moves at a speed of 38,000 mi/s. Most importantly, the indication is that is that the inertial forces are constantly winning out over the gravitational forces for each galaxy. The resulting equations also indicate that the speed of any galaxy varies in direct proportion to the time Δt which has elapsed since the origin of the universe (Big Bang explosion), while its distance from the Earth varies as the square of this elapsed time. On this basis, it is concluded that Hubble’s Constant itself varies in direct proportion to Δt and thus acts as a “clock of the universe.” More generally, the conclusion from this analysis is that the universe is open and continues to expand outward at an ever increasing rate

Intorduction to Big Bang nucleosynthesis: open and closed models, anisotropies

1982 ◽  
Vol 307 (1497) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Baryon Density ◽  
Observational Astronomy ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Big Bang Theory ◽  
The Universe

A variety of observations suggest that the Universe had a hot dense origin and that the pregalactic composition of the Universe was determined by nuclear reactions that occurred in the first few minutes. There is no unique hot Big Bang theory, but the simplest version produces a primeval chemical composition that is in good qualitative agreement with the abundances deduced from observation. Whether or not any Big Bang theory will provide quantitative agreement with observations depends on a variety of factors in elementary particle physics (number and masses of stable or long-lived particles, half-life of neutron, structure of grand unified theories) and from observational astronomy (present mean baryon density of the Universe, the Hubble constant and deceleration parameter). The influence of these factors on the abundances is discussed, as is the effect of departures from homogeneity and isotropy in the early Universe.

scholarly journals Big Bang Theory based on Hubble’s constant

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Robert J Buenker ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

The experimental relations between the speeds of galaxies and their corresponding separations from the Earth are discussed in some detail. It is pointed out that Hubble’s Constant, which indicates that the speeds and separations have the same constant ratio for every known galaxy, can be combined with well-known relationships for objects under the influence of constant acceleration to give some concrete predictions of how these quantities vary with time. It is found according to this analysis that the acceleration of each galaxy is directly proportional to its speed, for example. This value is the net result of the continuous competition between gravitational forces and the inertial forces still operative since the Big Bang explosion. Its value is extremely small, equal to only 1.17x10-10 ft/s2 for the Hydra galaxy, for example, which moves at a speed of 38,000 mi/s. Most importantly, the indication is that is that the inertial forces are constantly winning out over the gravitational forces for each galaxy. The resulting equations also indicate that the speed of any galaxy varies in direct proportion to the time Δt which has elapsed since the origin of the universe (Big Bang explosion), while its distance from the Earth varies as the square of this elapsed time. On this basis, it is concluded that Hubble’s Constant itself varies in direct proportion to Δt and thus acts as a “clock of the universe.” More generally, the conclusion from this analysis is that the universe is open and continues to expand outward at an ever increasing rate

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