scholarly journals Water availability and demand in the development regions of South Africa

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
A. B. De Villiers ◽  
W. Viviers ◽  
L. A. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Water Supply And Demand ◽  
Made In

The availability of water data in the development regions is at present insufficient. This is due to the fact that water supply and demand is calculated for the physical drainage regions (watersheds), while the development regions do not correspond with the drainage regions. The necessary calculations can accordingly presently not be made. In this paper this problem is addressed.

scholarly journals Water availability and demand in the humid and arid regions within development regions of South Africa

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
A. B. De Villiers ◽  
L. A. Van Wyk ◽  
W. Viviers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall

A method has been developed to distinguish between water supply and demand in individual development regions which contain distinct humid and arid to subarid areas. Development regions A and D have heterogeneous climatic distributions within their borders and are dealt with in this regard. These regions can be divided into arid and humid areas. A magisterial district was considered to be humid when the average annual rainfall is more than 400 mm over more than 50 percent of its total area. The water availability and demand for each of the districts (whether humid or arid) were calculated on a pro rata basis according to the area each district occupies within the various secondary drainage basins. The results obtained in this study show great promise to divide the regions into arid and humid areas for more accurate and detailed planning within the development regions.

MODELING WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND FOR EFFECTIVE WATER MANAGEMENT ALLOCATION IN SELANGOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Nadiah Mohd Firdaus Hum ◽  
Suhaimi Abdul Talib
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Weap Model ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Water Supply And Demand ◽  
The Impact

Water in Selangor is getting scarce due to its rapid economic growth. A fast growing population and expanding urbanization in the state creates new demands for water availability. Thus, the present study analyses the effects of three different scenarios using Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model to evaluate the plausible future water scenarios of water availability in Selangor. The first scenario is business as usual which is later referred to as reference in this study. Second, higher population growth and the third is the application of the demand side management onto the reference and higher population growth scenario. These scenarios were then used to calculate the impact on the supply – demand gap by the year 2050. Two catchments were used namely Selangor and Langat to illustrate the water supply and demand in the state of Selangor. The study then generates information for use in managing water allocations amongst economic sectors in Selangor as the explicit accounting in the description of the water supply and demand among the urban and industry water usage is advocated. Such detailed scenario simulation and the inclusion of previously unaccounted for factors like the higher population growth and water savings management can help to create awareness of potential future problems, inform water practices and suggest management alternatives. Results show that with proper water savings measures, water deficit within Selangor will be significantly reduced.  

scholarly journals A Probabilistic Approach for Characterization of Sub-Annual Socioeconomic Drought Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Relationships in a Changing Environment

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Heidari ◽  
Mazdak Arabi ◽  
Mahshid Ghanbari ◽  
Travis Warziniack
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Intensity ◽  
Water Supply And Demand ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency

Changes in climate, land use, and population can increase annual and interannual variability of socioeconomic droughts in water-scarce regions. This study develops a probabilistic approach to improve characterization of sub-annual socioeconomic drought intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships under shifts in water supply and demand conditions. A mixture Gamma-Generalized Pareto (Gamma-GPD) model is proposed to enhance characterization of both the non-extreme and extreme socioeconomic droughts. Subsequently, the mixture model is used to determine sub-annual socioeconomic drought intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships, return period, amplification factor, and drought risk. The application of the framework is demonstrated for the City of Fort Collins (Colorado, USA) water supply system. The water demand and supply time series for the 1985–2065 are estimated using the Integrated Urban water Model (IUWM) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), respectively, with climate forcing from statistically downscaled CMIP5 projections. The results from the case study indicate that the mixture model leads to enhanced estimation of sub-annual socioeconomic drought frequencies, particularly for extreme events. The probabilistic approach presented in this study provides a procedure to update sub-annual socioeconomic drought IDF curves while taking into account changes in water supply and demand conditions.

Water-Stressed Pakistan

Asian Survey ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116-1136
Author(s):  
Amit Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Water Supply And Demand

The widening gap between water supply and demand is the biggest threat and challenge before Pakistan. Of the available water, much is polluted. Both scarcity and pollution threaten the agriculture sector, on which the country’s economy depends.

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