scholarly journals Radio-anatomical Study of the Greater Palatine Canal and the Pterygopalatine Fossa in a Lebanese Population: A Consideration for Maxillary Nerve Block

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Aoun ◽  
Ibrahim Nasseh ◽  
Sayde Sokhn
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Pterygopalatine Fossa ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Greater Palatine Foramen ◽  
Lebanese Population ◽  
Greater Palatine Canal ◽  
The Right

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the component, greater palatine canal-pterygopalatine fossa (GPC-PPF), in a Lebanese population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 79 Lebanese adult patients (38 females and 41 males) were included in this study, and a total of 158 cases were evaluated bilaterally. The length and path of the GPCs-PPFs were determined, and the data obtained analyzed statistically. Results: In the sagittal plane, of all the GPCs-PPFs assessed, the average length was 35.02 mm on the right and 35.01 mm on the left. The most common anatomic path consisted in the presence of a curvature resulting in an internal narrowing whose average diameter was 2.4 mm on the right and 2.45 mm on the left. The mean diameter of the upper opening was 5.85 mm on the right and 5.82 mm on the left. As for the lower opening corresponding to the greater palatine foramen, the right and left average diameters were 6.39 mm and 6.42 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, we concluded that throughout the Lebanese population, the GPC-PPF path is variable with a predominance of curved one (77.21% [122/158] in both the right and left sides); however, the GPC-PPF length does not significantly vary according to gender and side.

scholarly journals A study of greater palatine foramen and its importance in the application of maxillary nerve block in South Indian Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 7857-7860
Author(s):  
Aravinth Mahesh ◽  
◽  
Rajesh. S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Block ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Pterygopalatine Fossa ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Greater Palatine Foramen ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Maxillary Nerve Block ◽  
Greater Palatine Canal

Introduction: The greater palatine foramen (GPF) is located in the posterior part of the hard palate between the articulations of hard palate with the maxilla. GPF continues posteriorly and upwards as greater palatine canal (GPC) which opens in to the inferior wall of pterygopalatine fossa. Exiting the foramen rotendum, maxillary nerve enters the pterygopalatine fossa where it can be blocked. The intraoral route of GPF approach can be preferred for maxillary nerve block because of its low incidence of complications and high success rate. For achieving a painless intra operative period in procedures involving the maxillary region and for tooth extraction achieving a perfect maxillary nerve block is of at most importance. Our present study is aimed at correctly locating the position of GPF, its shape and patency in south Indian population which will be helpful for the intra oral approach of maxillary nerve block through the GPF Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 30 dry adult skull bones of both sex. The molar relation, shape and the patency of the GPF were observed, the readings were obtained, statistically analyzed and compared with other studies. Results: In our observation on both side of skull, it was noted that GPF was located opposite to the 3rd molar in 90% of cases. Oval shaped GPF is most commonly found in our study which accounts to 53.35% and the overall patency rate for GPF was 95% in our study. Conclusion: Analysis and comparison of data has proven that the position, shape and patency of GPF may vary according to different races. This study has also confirmed that the maxillary nerve block via GPF is relatively safe and easier due to the consistency of the position, shape and the patency of the GPF in south Indian population. KEY WORDS: Greater palatine foramen, maxillary nerve block, regional blocks, Greater palatine canal, pterygopalatine fossa, Maxillary nerve.

scholarly journals The Anatomical Position and Size of Greater Palatine Foramen and Canal in an Iranian Sample Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Valizadeh ◽  
Seyedeh Mahshid Ahmadi ◽  
Mitra Ghazizadeh Ahsaie ◽  
Zahra Vasegh ◽  
Navid Jamalzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
P Value ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Anatomical Position ◽  
The Third ◽  
Greater Palatine Foramen ◽  
The Right

Abstract IntroductionDetection of exact location of greater palatine foramen and its anatomical variations are vital prior to posterior maxillary surgeries and gingival grafts. The aim of this study is to determine the anatomical position and size of the greater palatine canal (GPC) and foramen (GPF) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.Materials and methodsIn this descriptive-analytic study, CBCT images of 148 patients were assessed. To determine the anatomical foramen position, the posterior maxilla area was divided into five regions on the axial view (A: from the mesial surface of the second molar to the center of the second molar, B: from the center of the second molar to its distal, C: from the mesial surface of the third molar to the center of the third molar, D: from the center of the third molar to the distal of the third molar, E: distal to the third molar.). The length of the canal was investigated on both coronal and sagittal views. Independent and paired T-test were used to analyze the data.ResultsAmong 80 females -68 males, the anatomical position of the GPF was mainly located in region E on the left (55%) and the right (50%), and then, respectively, in region D and region C. The mean diameter of GPF was 4/48 mm on the left and 4/63 mm on the right side (P-value = 0/01). The average length of the canal on the coronal view was 29.46 mm on the left side and 29.75 mm on the right (P-Value = 0/005). The average length of the canal on the sagittal view was 29.62 mm on the left and 30.02 mm on the right (P-value = 0/001).ConclusionThe anatomical position of the GPF was primarily located distal to the third maxillary molar. CBCT is a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluation of vital anatomic landmarks in the maxillofacial region prior to surgeries and interventions.

Morphometry of cat pulmonary venous tree

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Yen ◽  
F. Y. Zhuang ◽  
Y. C. Fung ◽  
H. H. Ho ◽  
H. Tremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Vascular Tree ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
Number Of Branches

Morphometric data of the pulmonary veins in the cat right lung are presented. Silicone elastomer casts of the right lungs of five cats were made, measured, counted, and analyzed. The Strahler system is used to describe the branching pattern of the vascular tree. These data are needed for the physicomathematical approach to pulmonary circulation. For all the pulmonary blood vessels lying between the left atrium and the capillary beds, there are a total of 10 orders of vessels in the right upper lobe, 9 orders of vessels in the right middle lobe, and 11 orders of vessels in the right lower lobe. The ratios of the diameters, lengths, and the number of branches in successive orders of vessels are called the diameter, length, and branching ratios, respectively. For the cat pulmonary venous tree, the average branching ratio is 3.521, the average diameter ratio is 1.727, and the average length ratio is 2.402 for vessels of orders 1-3 and 1.532 for vessels of orders 4-10.

Morphometry of Cat’s Pulmonary Arterial Tree

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Yen ◽  
F. Y. Zhuang ◽  
Y. C. Fung ◽  
H. H. Ho ◽  
H. Tremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right

Morphometic data of the pulmonary artery in the cat’s right lung are presented. Silicone elastomer casts of cat’s right lung were made, and measured, counted and analyzed. The Strahler system is used to describe the branching pattern of the arterial vascular tree. These data are needed for any quantitative approach to the study of the pulmonary circulation. For all the pulmonary blood vessels of the cat lying between the main pulmonary artery and the capillary beds, there are a total of 10 orders of vessels in the right upper lobe, 9 orders of vessels in the right middle lobe and 11 orders of vessels in the right lower lobe. The ratio of the number of branches in successive orders of vessels or the branching ratio, is 3.58. The corresponding average diameter ratio is 1.72, whereas the average length ratio is 1.81.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of lateral branches of human basilar artery

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-603
Author(s):  
Vesna Gajanin ◽  
Igor Sladojevic ◽  
Mirka Sarovic-Vukajlovic ◽  
Radoslav Gajanin ◽  
Djuka Ninkovic-Baros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Ocular Micrometer ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Background/Aim. Lateral branches of basilar artery mostly supply pons and cerebellum. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological characteristics of lateral branches and side branches of the individual lateral branches of human basilar artery. Methods. The research was done on 25 anatomical specimens of adult brainstems, both sexes, previously fixed by immersion in a 10% formalin. Microdissection and precise measurements of caliber and length of the basilar artery were done under the stereolupe MBS-9 by the ocular micrometer. Results. A number of lateral branches was 9 on both sides, and the number of side branches of the individual lateral branch of basilar artery ranged from 0 to 4. The average diameter of side branches on both sides was 0.15 mm while the average length on the left side was 4.31 mm and 4.06 mm on the right. Side braches on the left side of the basilar artery most commonly penetrated pons and postpontine fossa (29.82% each) and rarely the area of middle cerebellar pedicle (1.74 %). On the right side, side branches most commonly penetrated pons (35.29%), and rarely the areas of inferior and middle cerebellar pedicle (1.96% each). Conclusion. Maintrunk of basilar artery gives an equal number of lateral branches on both sides. On average, every lateral branch gives 2 side branches. The most common site of descent of the side branches is pons, while the rarest one was cerebellar pedicle.

scholarly journals Pterygopalatine Fossa Infiltration: A Radio-Anatomic Study among Adult Patients in a Tertiary Private Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Neil Louis L. Apale ◽  
Joel A. Romualdez ◽  
Rodolfo E. Rivera ◽  
Joseph Benjamin M. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pterygopalatine Fossa ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Greater Palatine Canal ◽  
The Right

Objective: As a guide to the clinical practice of infiltration of local anesthesia into the pterygopalatine fossa via the greater palatine canal, this study sought to determine and record the mean CT scan measurements of the following: 1) palatal mucosal thickness, 2) length and width of greater palatine canal, and 3) length and width of pterygopalatine fossa, among adult patients in a private tertiary hospital in Quezon City. Method: Study Design:            Retrospective, Descriptive Study Setting:                       Tertiary Private Hospital Participants:              Paranasal Sinus (PNS) CT Scans of 113 adult patients from January 2014 to May 2014 were reviewed and evaluated. Excluded were images with pathology that distorted the anatomy of the sinuses and surrounding structures. Results: Our study showed average CT scan measurements of 5.98 mm palatal mucosal thickness, 16.99 mm greater palatine canal length, 18.75 mm pterygopalatine fossa length, 2.37 mm greater palatine canal width, and 2.58 mm pterygopalatine fossa width. Comparison of average measurements by sex was not statistically significant. There was statistical significance when comparing the right palatal mucosal thickness of 5.86 mm with the left which was 6.11 mm, with p-value of 0.001. Comparison between the length of the right pterygopalatine fossa of 18.48 mm with the  left side at 19.01 mm, showed statistical significance with p-value of 0.01. Conclusion: As the average measurement of the mucosal palatal thickness combined with the length of the greater palatine canal was 22.97 mm, we recommend bending the needle 23 mm from the tip in a 45 degree angle, for adult patients who will undergo sinus surgery, control of posterior epistaxis, trigeminal nerve block, and minor oral cavity surgeries. Keywords: pterygopalatine fossa infiltration, greater palatine canal, greater palatine foramen, regional anesthesia blocks

scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis of Greater Palatine Canal via Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Melih Özdede ◽  
Elif Yıldızer Keriş ◽  
Bülent Altunkaynak ◽  
İlkay Peker
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Greater Palatine Canal ◽  
The Mean

SummaryBackground/Aim: The morphology of the greater palatine canal (GPC) should be determined preoperatively to prevent possible complications in surgical procedures required maxillary nerve block anesthesia and reduction of descending palatine artery bleeding. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the GPC morphology.Material and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, cone-beam computed tomography images obtained for various causes of 200 patients (females, 55%; males, 45%) age ranged between 18 and 86 (mean age±standard deviation=47±13.6) were examined. The mean length, mean angles of the GPC and anatomic routes of the GPC were evaluated.Results: The mean length of the GPC was found to be 31.07 mm and 32.01 mm in sagittal and coronal sections, respectively. The mean angle of the GPC was measured as 156.16° and 169.23° in sagittal and coronal sections. The mean angle of the GPC with horizontal plane was measured as 113.76° in the sagittal sections and 92.94° in the coronal sections. The mean GPC length was longer in males than in females.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the most common pathway of the GPC was “first inferior, and then anterior-inferior direction” in sagittal plane and “first medial-inferior, then inferior direction” in coronal plane.

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