Cephalometric association of mandibular size/length to the surface area and dimensions of the frontal and maxillary sinuses

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to determine the cephalometric association of mandibular size/length to the surface area and dimensions of the frontal and maxillary sinuses. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 116 digital lateral cephalograms of 38 patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion (normal), 40 patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular deficiency, and 38 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular excess. Both male and female patients were included. Using AutoCAD 2016 software, the anteroposterior dimension, height and surface area of the frontal and maxillary sinuses, mandibular body length and cephalometric indices including anterior and posterior cranial bases, and growth pattern indices were measured on lateral cephalograms. Results: Dimensions and surface area of the frontal and maxillary sinuses in skeletal Class III malocclusion were greater than those in other groups. These variables were significantly correlated with the mandibular body length. The coefficient for the correlation of height, width, and surface area of the frontal sinus with mandibular body length was 0.253, 0.284, and 0.490, respectively. The coefficient for the correlation of height, length, and surface area of the maxillary sinus with mandibular body length was 0.346, 0.657, and 0.661, respectively. These variables (except for the frontal sinus width) had a significant correlation with the anterior and posterior cranial bases. The frontal sinus width had a significant correlation with the anterior cranial base. These variables in males were greater than those in females. Conclusion: The dimensions and surface area of the frontal and maxillary sinuses in skeletal Class III malocclusion were greater than those in other groups. These variables (except for the frontal sinus width) had a significant correlation with the anterior and posterior cranial bases and mandibular body length.

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Comparison of skeletal anchorage and tooth-borne maxillary protraction followed by fixed appliance in Class III malocclusion

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjz086 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 193-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sang-Hoon Lee ◽

Sang-Duck Koh ◽

Dong-Hwa Chung ◽

Jin-Woo Lee ◽

Sang-Min Lee

Keyword(s):

Phase Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Skeletal Anchorage ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Fixed Appliance ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Maxillary Protraction ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Residual Growth

Summary Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the results of skeletal anchorage (SAMP) and tooth- borne (TBMP) maxillary protraction followed by fixed appliance in growing skeletal Class III patients. Materials and methods Patients treated with maxillary protraction were selected and classified into two groups (SAMP: n = 19, mean age = 11.19 years; TBMP: n = 27, mean age = 11.21 years). Lateral cephalograms taken before treatment (T0), after the maxillary protraction (T1), and after the fixed appliance treatment (T2) were analysed and all variables were statistically tested to find difference between the two groups. Results Compared to the TBMP, the SAMP showed significant forward growth of maxilla (Co-A point and SN-Orbitale) and improvement in intermaxillary relationship (ANB, AB to mandible plane, and APDI) after the overall treatment (T0–T2), with no significant sagittal changes in maxilla or mandible throughout the fixed appliance treatment (T1–T2). Limitations In maxillary protraction, effects of skeletal anchorage were retrospectively compared with those of dental anchorage, not with Class I or III control. Conclusions and implications After maxillary protraction, skeletal and tooth-borne anchorage did not cause significant differences in the residual growth of maxilla throughout the phase II treatment. Orthopaedic effects with skeletal anchorage showed appropriate stability in maxilla and intermaxillary relationship even after fixed appliance treatment.

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Effects of Presurgical Mandibular Incisor Decompensation on Long-Term Outcomes of Class III Surgical Orthodontic Treatment

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132870 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2870

Author(s):

Jung-Sub An ◽

Wonchae Jeong ◽

Liselotte Sonnesen ◽

Seung-Hak Baek ◽

Sug-Joon Ahn

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Group Differences ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Mandibular Incisors

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of presurgical mandibular incisor decompensation on long-term outcomes of Class III surgical orthodontic treatment. Thirty-five patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who received conventional surgical orthodontic treatment were included. Mandibular incisor brackets with −6° of inclination were placed normally in 18 patients (NB group) and inversely in 17 patients (RB group). Between-group differences and relationships between incisal and skeletal variables were analyzed based on lateral cephalograms at pretreatment, presurgery, postsurgery, posttreatment, and retention. Mandibular incisors were more labially inclined in the RB group than in the NB group from presurgery to retention. No significant between-group differences were observed in presurgical and postsurgical skeletal relationships. The NB group exhibited a larger overjet with deficient interincisal contact at postsurgery than the RB group. Skeletal Class III relationship was also more severe in the NB group at retention. More lingually inclined mandibular incisors at presurgery and larger overjet at postsurgery were correlated with a more severe skeletal Class III relationship at retention. Thus, establishing appropriate postsurgical overjet by sufficient presurgical mandibular incisor decompensation may play a significant role in postsurgical stability of Class III surgical orthodontic treatment.

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Postpubertal Effects of the Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Facial Mask versus the Removable Mandibular Retractor for the Early Treatment of Class III Malocclusion: A Study on Lateral Cephalograms

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11188393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 8393

Author(s):

Veronica Giuntini ◽

Matteo Camporesi ◽

Valeria Barone ◽

Matilde Marino Merlo ◽

Cosimo Nardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Treatment ◽

Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Maxillary Expansion ◽

Facial Mask ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Maxillary Protraction ◽

Time Points ◽

Lateral Cephalograms

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of early treatment of Class III malocclusions with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and facial mask (FM) versus the removable mandibular retractor (RMR) re-evaluated at a postpubertal observation on lateral cephalograms. All prepubertal patients with Class III malocclusion treated consecutively from 1986 to 2013 by means of RME/FM or RMR were analyzed. Twenty-nine patients treated with RME/FM therapy and 23 patients treated with RMR were selected. Lateral cephalograms were available at 3 time points, before treatment (T1), at the end of active treatment (T2), and at a postpubertal observation (T3). Statistical comparisons were performed with independent sample t tests or Mann–Whitney tests. During the T1–T3 interval, a significantly greater maxillary protraction (SNA +1.5 mm, p = 0.031) and significantly greater improvements in ANB and Wits appraisal (+1.9 degrees, p = 0.002, and +2.2 mm, p = 0.012, respectively) were recorded in the RME/FM group. No statistically significant changes could be found in vertical skeletal measurements. In the dentoalveolar region, the RME/FM group showed a significantly greater correction of the molar relationship (−1.5 mm, p = 0.021). Early treatment of Class III malocclusion with RME/FM protocol in comparison with RMR protocol showed a greater maxillary advancement and greater improvements in sagittal skeletal Class III relationships.

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Soft Tissue Characteristics and Gender Dimorphism in Class III Malocclusion: a Cephalometric Study in Adult Greeks

Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.1515/bjdm-2017-0028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 162-166

Author(s):

Smaragda Kavvadia ◽

Sossani Sidiropoulou-Chatzigianni ◽

Georgia Pappa ◽

Eleni Markovitsi ◽

Eleftherios G. Kaklamanos

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Gender Dimorphism ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Soft Tissue Profile ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Males And Females ◽

Tissue Characteristics

SummaryBackground/Aim: Class III malocclusion case are considered complex problems associated with unacceptable esthetics. The purpose of the present study was to assess the characteristics of the soft tissue profile and investigate the possible gender differences in adult Greeks with Class III malocclusion. Material and Methods: The material of the study comprised of 57 pretreatment lateral cephalograms of adult patients with Class III malocclusion aged 18 to 39 years. Eleven variables were assessed. The variables were measured and the mean, minimum and maximum and standard deviations were calculated. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare males and females patients. Results: The total sample was characterized by concave skeletal profile. Male patients exhibited greater nose prominence and superior sulcus depth, longer distance from subnasale to the harmony line, more concave profile, thicker upper lip and larger upper lip strain. Conclusions: Many significant differences were noted in soft tissue characteristics between males and females with skeletal Class III malocclusion, suggesting possible gender dimorphism.

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Morphological Characteristics of the Symphyseal Region in Adult Skeletal Class III Crossbite and Openbite Malocclusions

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/101606-427.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 38-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Chooryung Judi Chung ◽

Sinae Jung ◽

Hyoung-Seon Baik

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Korean Adult ◽

Using Data ◽

And Control ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relationship of the morphological characteristics of the symphyseal region of adult Class III malocclusion to the differences in overjet and overbite. Materials and Methods: The basal and symphyseal widths along with the alveolar and symphyseal heights were evaluated using data from the lateral cephalograms of Korean adult male skeletal Class III, divided into crossbite (n = 28) and openbite (n = 41) groups. Korean male normal occlusion samples (n = 32) were used as controls. Results: The width of the symphyseal region including the basal width, point B width, Id width, symphyseal thickness, and pogonion width were similar in adult Class III crossbite and normal occlusion groups, but significantly less in the adult Class III openbite group (P < .001). The alveolar height was similar in the adult Class III crossbite and control groups, but significantly less in the adult Class III openbite group (P < .05). However, the symphyseal height was similar in all three groups. Conclusions: An openbite, rather than a negative overjet, is the major factor influencing the symphyseal morphology in an adult Class III malocclusion.

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Tandem Traction Bow Appliance for the Treatment of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1708741 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

Shetty Prajwal K. ◽

Priyanka S Udeshi ◽

Kuttappa M. N. ◽

Nanda kishore P. ◽

Ravi M. S. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Modalities ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Active Growth ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Incisor Retraction ◽

Maxillary Deficiency

AbstractBackground and Objectives: Skeletal class III is a growth related discrepancy which continues and becomes more severe until active growth is completed. Approximately three percent of Indian population exhibits class III malocclusion. This can be due to a mid face deficiency, a large mandible or their combination. Various treatment modalities are available for correction of class III malocclusion in growing children, one of which is the Tandem Traction Bow Appliance (TTBA). This study was planned and designed to evaluate the dental and skeletal effects of TTBA used for the correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency. Materials and Methods: An in-vivo study designed to study the effects of TTBA on class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency. The study was carried out on ten patients (age 6-12 years). Pre and post lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed. Paired t test was used to compare values. Result: The significant changes seen in the dental and skeletal parameters were upper and lower incisor retraction, Increase in ANB angulations and forward and downward movement of the maxillary arch. Conclusion: TTBA is effective in early treatment of Skeletal Class III malocclusion. Being intraoral, patient compliance is improved, thus making TTBA easier to use, both for the clinician as well as for the patient.

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Dentofacial Characteristics of Chinese Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients in Relation to Obesity and Severity

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/081005-273 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 962-969 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Huie Ming Hou ◽

Urban Hägg ◽

Kim Sam ◽

A. B. M. Rabie ◽

Ricky W. K. Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Body Weight ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Body Length ◽

Soft Palate ◽

Anterior Cranial Base ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Mandibular Body ◽

Chinese Male

Abstract Objective: To evaluate dentofacial characteristics in relation to obesity and degree of severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in male Chinese patients and to elucidate the relationship between demographic parameters (age, body weight, height, and body mass index [BMI]) cephalometric parameters and OSA in these subjects. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 121 Chinese male patients in natural head posture were obtained. Based on BMI value, the patients were divided into three groups. Based on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) value, the patients were divided into a mild-to-moderate and a severe group. Results: The hyoid position and soft palate length were significantly different among the three obesity groups. Soft palate length was significantly longer (P < .01) in the severe OSA group than in the mild-to-moderate OSA group. Tongue base was significantly more inferiorly placed (P < .05) in the severe OSA group than in the mild-to-moderate OSA group. Craniocervical extension was significantly increased (P < .05) in the severe OSA group. Statistically significant differences were found among the three obesity groups in mandibular length, mandibular body length, maxillary length, anterior cranial base length, and overbite. The multiple stepwise linear regression analysis identified body weight, lower posterior facial height, mandibular body length, craniocervical extension, and sella-hyoid distance as the significant predictive variables for AHI. Conclusions: This study revealed the existence of craniofacial and upper airway soft tissue differences in relation to obesity and severity of OSA among male Chinese OSA patients. Body weight and certain cephalometric parameters were significant predictors of OSA in Chinese male subjects.

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Quantitative Analysis of Body Posture and Its Correlation With Cervical Posture in Various Malocclusions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-149271/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shruthi Pradeep ◽

Priyanka Venkatasubramanian ◽

Ratna Parameswaran ◽

Devaki Vijayalakshmi

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Body Posture ◽

Force Platform ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Cervical Posture

Abstract BACKGROUND: Considering that malocclusions can cause cervico-mandibular and cervico-cranial disorders, the aim of this study is to investigate whether there are significant differences in posture in subjects with skeletal class I, class II and skeletal class III malocclusion METHODS: A clinical study conducted on 90 subjects with Angle`s class I, II, III skeletal malocclusion. Standardized Casts of the subjects were used to analyze the tooth characteristics. Lateral cephalograms were used to assess cervical posture through cervical skull Rocabado analysis. A customized force platform with pressure sensors were used for posture analysis. RESULTS: There is a difference in body posture in subjects with skeletal class I, class II and class III malocclusion and a positive correlation between body posture and cervical posture is found in subjects with these classes of skeletal malocclusion. Subjects with class I malocclusion were found to have a normal cervical and body posture. Strain values from the force platform showed equal distribution of strain on both the feet. Subjects with class II malocclusion were found to have a forward cervical posture with the forward lean of body posture. Subjects with class III skeletal malocclusion were found to have a backward cervical posture with the posterior lean of body posture. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that different classes of malocclusion present with an alteration in cervical and body posture. Correction of the malocclusion or an intervention plan for the prevailing malocclusion should be done as early as possible which can be used to correct the posture thereby restoring the equilibrium of the body.

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Björk-Jarabak cephalometric analysis on CBCT synthesized cephalograms with different dentofacial sagittal skeletal patterns

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2176-9451.19.6.046-053.oar ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 46-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yalil Augusto Rodriguez-Cardenas ◽

Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillen ◽

Carlos Flores-Mir

Keyword(s):

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Cephalometric Analysis ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Gonial Angle ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Standard Values ◽

Range Test

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Björk and Jabarak cephalometric analysis generated from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) synthesized lateral cephalograms in adults with different sagittal skeletal patterns.METHODS: The sample consisted of 46 CBCT synthesized cephalograms obtained from patients between 16 and 40 years old. A Björk and Jarabak cephalometric analysis among different sagittal skeletal classes was performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple range test of Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis test, and independent t-test were used as appropriate.RESULTS: In comparison to the standard values: Skeletal Class III had increased gonial and superior gonial angles (P < 0.001). This trend was also evident when sex was considered. For Class I males, the sella angle was decreased (P = 0.041), articular angle increased (P = 0.027) and gonial angle decreased (P = 0.002); whereas for Class III males, the gonial angle was increased (P = 0.012). For Class I females, the articular angle was increased (P = 0.029) and the gonial angle decreased (P = 0.004). Björk's sum and Björk and Jabarak polygon sum showed no significant differences. The facial biotype presented in the three sagittal classes was mainly hypodivergent and neutral.CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, skeletal Class III malocclusion was strongly differentiated from the other sagittal classes, specifically in the mandible, as calculated through Björk and Jarabak analysis.

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