scholarly journals Correlation of environmental tobacco smoke to gingival pigmentation and salivary alpha amylase in young adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Ponnaiyan ◽  
Priyanka Chillara ◽  
Yuvasri Palani
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Melanin Pigmentation

ABSTRACT Objective: Passive smoking leads to melanin pigmentation on gingiva. However, documentation of gingival pigmentation and salivary amylase activity in passive smokers relative to the duration of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), is incomplete and requires further investigation. Thus, this study aimed to assess effects of ETS exposure on gingival pigmentation in young adults. In addition, to correlate a number of years of exposure to an extent, the intensity of gingival pigmentation and salivary amylase activity. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 nonsmokers aged 18–35 years with a positive history of ETS exposure were recruited for the study. Duration and source of ETS were assessed using a questionnaire. Gingival pigmentation was assessed using gingival pigmentation index for the extent and Dummett oral pigmentation index for intensity. The skin color of all patients was also assessed. Pearson Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA was used to statistically analyze the data. Results: Number of years of exposure to passive smoking was highly significant to the extent and intensity of gingival pigmentation (P < 0.001). ETS from home environment was highly significant to the intensity of pigmentation. Environmental sources of ETS contributed to pigmentation as the majority of patients reported exposure from vehicles and workplace. The salivary amylase levels were inversely proportional to the duration of exposure to ETS. Conclusion: Within limitations of this cross-sectional observational study, it was concluded that there was a strong correlation between ETS exposure and gingival pigmentation. Duration of exposure was significant to an extent, the intensity of pigmentation and salivary amylase activity.

Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke From Smoker Parents on Gingival Pigmentation in Children and Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 956-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srirangarajan Sridharan ◽  
Kavita Ganiger ◽  
Aparna Satyanarayana ◽  
Aparna Rahul ◽  
Shreya Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Young Adults

scholarly journals Hubungan Paparan Asap Rokok Lingkungan dengan Kejadian Dismenorea Primer

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifki YS ◽  
Ermawati Ermawati ◽  
Irvan Medison
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhoea

AbstrakDismenorea primer lebih sering terjadi dibanding dismenorea sekunder dengan insiden tersering pada remaja dan usia 20-an. Penyebab tersering dismenorea primer adalah karena tingginya prostaglandin yang dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah akibat dari nikotin yang terkandung dalam paparan asap rokok lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara paparan asap rokok lingkungan dengan kejadian dismenorea primer pada mahasiswi pendidikan dokter  Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Sebanyak 95 mahasiswi yang dipilih dengan teknik propotional random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner oleh responden yang kemudian dianalisis melalui uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi kejadian dismenorea primer pada mahasiswi pendidikan dokter  Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas adalah 71.6%. Mahasiswi yang terpapar asap rokok lingkungan adalah 32.6%. Hasil uji  chi-square menunjukkan bahwa paparan asap rokok lingkungan (p=0.020) memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian dismenorea primer. Disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswi mengalami dismenore primer dan sepertiganya terpapar asap rokok lingkungan, serta terdapat hubungan bermakna antara paparan asap rokok lingkungan dengan kejadian dismenorea primer.Kata kunci: dismenorea primer, asap rokok lingkungan, mahasiswi AbstractPrimary dysmenorrhoea is more common than the incidence of the most common secondary dysmenorrhoea in adolescents and 20s. The most common cause of primary dysmenorrhoea is due to the high prostaglandin which can be caused by several factors, one of which is a result of the nicotine contained in cigarette smoke exposure environment. The objective of this study was to determine there relationship between environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the incidence of primary dysmenorrhoea Student Medical Education Faculty of Medicine, University of Andalas.This study used a cross sectional design. The 95 students were selected by Proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires, then analyzed by Chi-square test .The results showed that the distribution of the incidence of primary dysmenorrhoea in physician education student of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Andalas was 71.6% . While the student is exposed to environmental smoke is 32.6 %. The results of chi-square statistical test showed that environmental tobacco smoke exposure ( p = 0.020 ) had a relationship with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhoea .From the results, it can be concluded that the Student Pre-clinic Medical Education Program Faculty of Medicine, University of Andalas 2013-2014 school year are subjected to one-third of primary dysmenorrhea and environmental exposure to cigarette smoke, and there is a significant relationship between environmental tobacco smoke exposure with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhoea. Keywords:  primary dysmenorrhoea, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, students

scholarly journals Magnitude of exposure and perception of second hand smoking among rural population in Trichy, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
Hemalatha K. ◽  
Varunkumar R. ◽  
Vandana S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protection Measures

Background: India is one of the countries where tobacco use is highly prevalent. Tobacco use in the form of smoking is related to occurrence of multiple health related problems in smokers and also general population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 360 adults residing in a rural area of Tiruchirappalli. Cluster sampling was used to select the study participants. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on tobacco use, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), knowledge on its health effects and protection measures. Data was entered and analyzed using Epi info 7.2. The results were presented in the form of mean and percentage. Chi-square was used to find the association between the parameters and ETS. A p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Mean age of the study group was 38.5±10.8 years. Proportion of males and females was 53.9% and 46.1% respectively. Two hundred and fifty five (70.8%) were non-smokers and 29.2% have ever smoked some form of tobacco product. Thirty seven percent of the non-smokers were exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the past 15 days and exposure was higher among males (46.7%) than females (31.3%) (χ2 value=6.3; p=0.014). Public place was the most common place of exposure (25.5%) to ETS. Significantly higher proportion of smokers had correct knowledge on ill effects of ETS than smokers (χ2 value=12.3; p= 0.0004).Conclusions: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was significantly high in the study population. Either strict enforcement of laws or banning cigarette sale completely would help reducing the exposure to cigarette smoke which is an important risk factor for multiple non communicable diseases.

Passive smoking among adolescents in Estonia

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kersti Piirna
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Considerable Impact

1 The objective ofthis study was to assess prevalence and patterns of passive smoking in Estonia and to describe how environmental tobacco smoke is likely to initiate the desire in adolescents to start active smoking. 2 A population sample of 2170 students within the age groups of 13-14,15-16 and 17-18 of school grades 8, 10 and 12, respectively, at Tallinn High Schools participated in this study. The data w,ere collected using questionnaires which mainly consisted of structured multiple-choice and a few open questions. 3 Every fourth adolescent in Tallinn was either an occasional or a habitual smoker. 4 Nearly half (48%) of the respondents had no daily exposure to cigarette smoke. Almost one third (31%) was exposed daily for less than 1 h, 15% for 1-5 h and 6% for over 5 h a day. 5 The number of adolescent smokers was higher than non-smokers among those daily inhaling tobacco sidestream smoke. 6 In conclusion, environment gives considerable impact to the development of smoking habits among adolescents. Passive smoking as an inducing factor is associated with higher prevalence of smoking among the adolescents studied.

scholarly journals Questionnaire-Based Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Hair Nicotine Levels in 6-month-old Infants: A Validation Study in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2096928
Author(s):  
Siti Rahayu Nadhiroh ◽  
Kusharisupeni Djokosujono ◽  
Diah Mulyawati Utari ◽  
Armedy Ronny Hasugian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Hair Samples

Objectives. Using hair nicotine as the gold standard, this study aimed to establish cutoff points and validate the questionnaire-based environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and ETS statuses of Indonesian infants. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among families who were participants of the Peer Health Cohort Study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Households with 6-month-old infants joined this study. The presence and amount of ETS exposure were assessed by both questionnaire and hair sampling for nicotine determination. Head hair samples were collected from 102 infants and measured by optimized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Infants were grouped as ETS-exposed if they lived with at least 1 smoker at home. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the sensitivity and specificity of cutoff values of hair nicotine. Results. There were 78 (76.5%) infants exposed to ETS based on the questionnaire. The nicotine concentrations in hair were significantly higher in infants with ETS exposure than in those without ETS exposure ( P < .001). The area under the curve for nicotine was 0.774. A hair nicotine cutoff value of 2.37 ng/mg, with a sensitivity of 67.95% and specificity of 83.33%, was identified as the optimal cutoff value for separating exposed from non-exposed to ETS in infants. Conclusion. The hair nicotine value of infants aged 6 months is useful in confirming the questionnaire on smoking in the household and exposure to ETS. Moreover, it also could be used to distinguish ETS-exposed from non-ETS-exposed infants.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Exposure to ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke), Urinary Cotinine, and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Pregnant Women—The Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubica Argalasova ◽  
Ingrid Zitnanova ◽  
Diana Vondrova ◽  
Monika Dvorakova ◽  
Lucia Laubertova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Parameters

Background: Exposure to ETS (environmental tobacco smoke) is one of the most toxic environmental exposures. Objective: To investigate the association of ETS with physiological, biochemical, and psychological indicators, as well as with urine antioxidant capacity (AC) and oxidative damage to lipids in a pilot sample of healthy pregnant women. Methods: Exposure to ETS was investigated via a validated questionnaire, and urine cotinine and the marker of oxidative damage to lipids via 8-isoprostane concentrations using an ELISA kit. Urine AC was determined by the spectrophotometric Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) method. From a sample of pregnant women (n = 319, average age 30.84 ± 5.09 years) in 80, the levels of cotinine and oxidative stress markers were analyzed. Results: Among the 80 pregnant women, 5% (7.4% confirmed by cotinine) reported being current smokers and 25% reported passive smoking in the household (18.8% confirmed by cotinine). The Kappa was 0.78 for smokers and 0.22 for ETS-exposed nonsmokers. Pregnant women in the ETS-exposed group had significantly reduced AC compared to both the nonsmoker (ETS−) and the smoker groups (p < 0.05). Nonsmokers had significantly lower levels of 8-isoprostane than smokers (p < 0.01) and ETS-exposed nonsmokers (p < 0.05). Correlations between urine levels of cotinine and AC were positive in ETS-exposed nonsmokers. Conclusion: A harmful association of active and passive smoking and oxidative stress parameters among pregnant women has been indicated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document