Authors' Response to Comments on “Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression among Clinically Stable People Living with HIV/AIDS on Antiretroviral Therapy

Abstract Background People living with HIV/AIDS not only require effective treatment for the alleviation of physical discomfort but also require social support to help them address difficulties in life and relieve their psychological anxiety and uneasiness. The social support network is of tremendous importance in helping people living with HIV/AIDS maintain good physical and mental health. This study aims to analyse the social support status among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming and explore associated factors. Method The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using convenience sampling to select people living with HIV/AIDS from 14 counties of Kunming. It collected information on general demographic information and social support status. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the associated factors. Results A total of 990 valid questionnaires were completed. Data from all participants were analysed. Univariate analysis suggested that the factors associated with social support may include marital status, monthly income, and antiretroviral therapy. On the other hand, factors including monthly income and antiretroviral therapy accounted for the social support total score in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Social support among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming was generally low. This study identified a number of factors associated with social support among people living with HIV/AIDS. Based on our findings, appropriate interventions should be introduced to provide social support for those living with HIV/AIDS.

Download Full-text

Magnitude of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8558 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8558

Author(s):

Fikadu Tadesse Nigusso ◽

Azwihangwisi Helen Mavhandu-Mudzusi

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Residential Area ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction Following global efforts to increase antiretroviral therapy (ART) access and coverage, Ethiopia has made significant achievement with a 6.3% annual decline in the HIV/AIDS incidence rate between 1990 and 2016. Such success depends not only on access to ART but also on attaining optimum treatment adherence. Emerging studies in Ethiopia has shown the increasing prevalence of poor adherence and lack of the desired viral suppression, but the extent and factors associated with non-adherence to ART are not well known, especially in the current study setup. In this study, we examined the magnitude and factors associated with treatment and non-adherence to ART among people living with HIV in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional facility based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among adult people living with HIV/AIDS from mid-December 2016 to February 2017 with only 98.9% response rate. Sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status and residential area), economic factors (educational status, income, asset possession, employment status, dietary diversity, nutritional status and food security), and clinical characteristics (CD4 count, duration on ART and history of opportunistic infections) were explanatory variables. ART non-adherence was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). We used binary logistic regression and subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the factors associated with ART non-adherence. Result Overall, 39.7% of the participants were found non-adherent to ART. Strong association was found between non-adherence to ART and young age below 25 years (AOR: 4.30, 95% CI [1.39–3.35]; p = 0.011), urban residential area (AOR: 2.78, CI [1.23–7.09], p = 0.043), lack of employment (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI [1.05–2.91], p = 0.032), food insecurity (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI [7.59–8.97]; p < 0.0001), malnutrition (AOR: 1.55, 95% CI [1.94–2.56]; p = 0.027) and opportunistic infections (AOR: 1.81, 95% CI [1.11–2.97]; p = 0.018). Conclusion The prevalence of non-adherence to ART in this study was high. Sociodemographic and economic factors such as young age of below 25 years, urban residential area, lack of employment, food insecurity, malnutrition and opportunistic infections were among the factors associated with non-adherence to ART.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living With HIV & AIDS

Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital ◽

10.3126/mjsbh.v18i1.19560 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 43-50

Author(s):

Nirmala Aryal ◽

Radha Paudel ◽

Sarita Adhikari ◽

Aruna Rai

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Successful Treatment ◽

Family Members ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Adherence Counselling ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: AIDS and STD is prioritised disease control program of Nepal. Successful treatment of HIV positive patient is fundamental to control the progression to AIDS and ART adherence is crucial for successful treatment. The objective of the study was to find out the factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: Descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted. A total of 195 people living with HIV who were above the age 18 years and taking ARV therapy for at least six months from the ART centre of Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using interview technique with semi structured questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings showed that 91.28% of the respondents reported perfect adherence (≥95%) and 8.71% of the respondents reported non- adherence. Age (OR: 4.28; CI 1.00-18.26) and marital status (OR: 4.96; CI 1.67-14.75) were the socio-demographic factors associated with adherence to ARV therapy. Number of tablets per day (OR: 10.72; CI 1.21-94.4) and use of reminders tool (OR:11.14; CI 2.35-52.75) were the patient related factors significantly associated with the adherence to ARV therapy. Likewise, experience of no discrimination (OR 3.90; CI 1.11-13.69) and help for the intake of medicine from family members (OR 2.95; CI 1.95-9.19) were the psychosocial factors significantly associated with adherence to ARV therapy. Adherence counselling (OR 13.38; CI 2.99-59.75) and lower travelling cost (OR 3.99; CI 1.40-11.34) were the service factors significantly associated with adherence to ARV therapy. Conclusions: The prevalence of adherence found in this study was good. Help from the family members, adherence counselling and use of reminders tool for intake of medicine enhanced adherence. Whereas, side effects, alcohol use, burden of pills, experience of discrimination were the barriers for adherence to ART. For improving adherence government and as well as the hospital requires interventions which recognise these barriers.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated With Level of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in People Living with HIV/AIDS at Adama Hospital Medical College Art Clinic, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention Education and Behavioural Science ◽

10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20170303.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wendwesen Abayneh

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Medical College ◽

Hospital Medical ◽

Regional State ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Download Full-text

A Comment on “Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression among Clinically Stable People Living with HIV/AIDS on Antiretroviral Therapy”

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_8_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 193-194

Author(s):

Saurav Basu

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Download Full-text

Social support status and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming city,China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26302/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Li ◽

Xiao Wen Zhang ◽

Bin Liao ◽

Jun Liang ◽

Wen Jie He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Support Network ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Social ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: People living with HIV/AIDS not only require effective treatment for the alleviation of physical discomfort but also require social support to help them address difficulties in life and relieve their psychological anxiety and uneasiness. The social support network is of tremendous importance in helping people living with HIV/AIDS maintain good physical and mental health. This study aims to analyse the social support status among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming and explore associated factors.Method: The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using convenience sampling to select people living with HIV/AIDS from 14 counties of Kunming. It collected information on general demographic information and social support status. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the associated factors.Results: A total of 990 valid questionnaires were completed. Data from all participants were analysed. Univariate analysis suggested that the factors associated with social support may include marital status, monthly income, and antiretroviral therapy. On the other hand, factors including monthly income and antiretroviral therapy accounted for the social support total score in the multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Social support among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming was generally low. This study identified a number of factors associated with social support among people living with HIV/AIDS. Based on our findings, appropriate interventions should be introduced to provide social support for those living with HIV/AIDS.

Download Full-text

Burden of Fatigue among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.17567/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tsiwaye Gebreyesus ◽

Addisalem Belay ◽

Gebretsadik Berhe ◽

Gebremedhin Haile

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Stage Ii ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Physically Active ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Fatigue is one of the most common and devastating Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) - related symptoms, with a varying prevalence in different study areas. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of information on the magnitude and factors associated with fatigue among HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. This may lead to under-diagnosis and eventually under-management of the symptom. Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with fatigue among adults living with HIV/AIDS attending antiretroviral therapy at health facilities of Mekelle city, Tigray, North Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 609 HIV/AIDS patients who were selected by using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected by using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Level of fatigue was measured by Fatigue Severity Scale. Results: The prevalence of fatigue was found to be 51.7%. The factors associated with fatigue were: Parity [AOR= 2.01; 95% CI: 1.09-3.71], CD4 count 200-499 cells/mm3 [AOR= 2.81; 95% CI: 1.58-4.99], anemia [AOR= 4.90 95% CI: 2.40-9.97], co-morbidities [AOR= 3.65; 95% CI: 1.71-7.78], depression [AOR= 3.68 95% CI: 1.99-6.79], not being physically active [AOR= 3.20 95% CI: 1.50-6.81], clinical stage II or IV HIV [AOR= 3.11; 95% CI: 1.51-6.40] and [AOR= 4.08; 95% CI: 1.37-12.14], respectively. Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that fatigue is a common health problem among adult People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Factors associated with fatigue included: Parity, CD4 count 200-499 cells/mm3, Clinical Stage II or IV HIV, anemia, co-morbidities, depression, and not being physically active. The health care service needs to address the predisposing factors by provision integrated care including timely detection and treatment of comorbidities, mental health problems, and promote physical activity to slow down disease progression and then reduce exposure to fatigue. Keywords: Fatigue, HIV/AIDS, Associated factors, Prevalence, Ethiopia

Download Full-text