scholarly journals Symptomatic Bilateral Xanthogranuloma of the Choroid Plexus

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S123-S126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selin Tural Emon ◽  
Erek Ozturk ◽  
Kaan Meric ◽  
Fugen Aker ◽  
Metin Orakdogen
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Signal Changes ◽  
Enhanced Imaging

ABSTRACTXanthogranulomas (XGRs) of the choroid plexus are rare, asymptomatic, and benign lesions usually found incidentally. Here, we present a case of a 47-year-old male with bilateral XGR of the choroid plexus with periventricular edema and discuss our case in relation to a review of existing literature pertaining to the radiology of XGRs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bilateral trigonal XGR causing brain edema without ventricular dilatation. Despite the fact that they can cause hydrocephalus, XGRs are silent and benign lesions. Although the etiopathology of XGRs remains poorly understood, enhanced imaging analyses may provide additional information regarding edema and focal white matter signal changes.

Effects of Posthemorrhagic Ventricular Dilatation in the Preterm Infant on Brain Volumes and White Matter Diffusion Variables at Term-Equivalent Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 41-49.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha J. Brouwer ◽  
Linda S. de Vries ◽  
Karina J. Kersbergen ◽  
Nicolaas E. van der Aa ◽  
Annemieke J. Brouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Equivalent Age

S250 Does the mass size of nephron sparing surgery (NSS) provide additional information for the prediction of benign lesions?

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e1358, S250
Author(s):  
T.E. Sener ◽  
M.S. Sulukaya ◽  
N.M. Mangir ◽  
H.M.A. Akgul ◽  
I.T. Tinay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nephron Sparing Surgery ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Nephron Sparing ◽  
Mass Size

Composition of isolated edema fluid in cold-induced brain edema

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurjen Gazendam ◽  
K. Gwan Go ◽  
Annie K. van Zanten
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Edema Fluid ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Edema fluid isolated from cats with cold-induced brain edema was subjected to analysis of electrolyte content, enzyme activities, colloid osmotic pressure and the radioactivity of intravenously injected 99mTc-labeled albumin. The findings corroborate the essential features of vasogenic edema, such as its origin from the blood plasma, its rapid propagation into the white matter of the brain as contrasted with the delayed spread into gray matter, and its contribution to composition of cerebrospinal fluid. Moreover, the elevated activities of cellular enzymes and K+ content of edema fluid point to the admixture with cellular contents due to the freezing damage.

Clinical and Neuroimaging Changes of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis – Experience 30 Cases in Tertiary Care Center in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Gopen Kumar Kundu ◽  
Mohammad Monir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
History Of ◽  
Signal Changes ◽  
Intense Signal

Background: Subacute sclersing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a very rare progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease of the control nervous system of childhood and early adolescence. It is a slow virus disease caused by persistent defective measles virus infection of the brain Objective: To see the clinical andneuro-imaging findings in children with Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, a tertiary care premier Postgraduate Medical Institution in Bangladesh. Thirty (30) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) children were evaluated at paediatric neurology ward during the period January 2010 to December 2017. Diagnosis was based on typical clinical characteristic features, the presence of periodic discharges on EEG, demonstration of raised antibody titer against measles in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid Detected by ELISA in all patients. Results: Total number of studied children were 30. Mean age was 10.2±3.1 year and Male female ratio was 5:1. Most of the patient arrived from poor socio-economic (83.33%) background of rural area (66.67%) of Bangladesh. Among them 46.67% had history of measles infection during early childhood. Progressive deterioration of school performance (50%), gait disturbance (70%), myoclonus (83%) dysarthria (43%) and Ocular manifestations like optic atrophy & papilledema (83.33%) were the main presenting feature of our studied children. All of the patients (100%) showed positive measles specific antibody IgG in CSF and On electroencephalographic findings showed periodic burst suppression in 90.90% cases. Most of the children (56.6%) were in stage II category and other 3.3%, 33.3%,6.6%, were stage I, stage III, stage IV category respectively. Neuroimaging study showed abnormalities in 45.83% cases included periventricular white matter hyper intense signal changes, cortical atrophy and ischaemic change. Conclusion: In our study most of the SSPE patient were in stage II.About half of the patient had history of measles infection during early childhood. Neuroimaging abnormalities found in about half of the cases and majority cases were in stage II. Common neuroimaging abnormalities were periventricular white matter hyper intense signal changes and cortical atrophy.

scholarly journals Bilateral Telencephalic Gliomatosis Cerebri in a Dog

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mario Ricciardi ◽  
Antonio De Simone ◽  
Pasquale Giannuzzi ◽  
Maria Teresa Mandara ◽  
Alice Reginato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Gliomatosis Cerebri ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
Signal Changes

An 8-year-old intact male Lagotto Romagnolo was presented with forebrain signs. Neuroanatomic localization was diffuse prosencephalon. MRI revealed diffuse, bilateral, and symmetric T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in the parieto-occipital white matter and corpus callosum. No mass effect or contrast enhancement was noted. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid revealed normal protein content and mild mononuclear pleocytosis. Atypical cells were not identified. 15 days later because of the worsening of clinical condition the patient was euthanized upon owner’s request. Neuropathological investigations were consistent with gliomatosis cerebri (GC). Such an unusual imaging pattern appeared similar to some cases of human GC and to a previous reported case in a dog, suggesting a possible repeatable imaging findings for this rare brain neoplasm. GC should be included in the MRI differentials for diffuse bilateral white matter signal changes and specific MRI findings described in this report may help in reaching a presumptive diagnosis of this tumor.

Sites of Origin of Primary Intracerebral Malignant Lymphoma

Neurosurgery ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobu Shibata
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Lymphoma Cells

Abstract With the aim of finding characteristics pointing to the primary site, computed tomography examination from 9 patients with primary brain malignant lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma originating in the central nervous system, NHL-CNS) (5 single, 4 multiple lesions) were analyzed. The tumors were usually situated in the basal ganglia, corpus callosum, or cerebellum and were always in contact with either the ependyma of the ventricles or the subarachnoid space. Tumors with widespread infiltration of white matter surrounding the ventricles were characteristic of NHL-CNS. Microscopic examination of 3 autopsy cases revealed infiltration of the subependymal layer of the lateral ventricles and the third and fourth ventricles by lymphoma cells. The entire extent of the choroid plexus was invaded by tumor cells. There were multiple foci of similar cells invading the periventricular white matter. The subarachnoid space was filled with lymphoma cells. In many areas the Virchow-Robin spaces and pial-glial membranes were disrupted, and invasion of the underlying gray matter by tumor cells was seen. The ultrastructure of the blood vessels of NHL-CNS was compared with those in glial, nonglial, and metastatic brain tumors. The essential feature in NHL-CNS was fenestrated vessels. They resembled the blood vessels found in nonglial and metastatic brain tumors, but were distinctly different from those seen in glial tumors with nonfenestrated vessels. Although the following scheme in proposed with reservations, it could account for the sites of origin of NHL-CNS: lymphocytes located in the choroid plexus stroma or the subarachnoid space are activated, caused to proliferate, and finally become neoplastic. Then these cells migrate through the underlying parenchyma along the Virchow-Robin spaces and multiply until they present themselves as primary brain tumors.

scholarly journals Investigation of Whole-Brain White Matter Identifies Altered Water Mobility in the Pathogenesis of High-Altitude Headache

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1286-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin S Lawley ◽  
Samuel J Oliver ◽  
Paul G Mullins ◽  
Jamie H Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Water Mobility ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Brain Water

Elevated brain water is a common finding in individuals with severe forms of altitude illness. However, the location, nature, and a causative link between brain edema and symptoms of acute mountain sickness such as headache remains unknown. We examined indices of brain white matter water mobility in 13 participants after 2 and 10 hours in normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (12% O2) using magnetic resonance imaging. Using a whole-brain analysis (tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS)), mean diffusivity was reduced in the left posterior hemisphere after 2 hours and globally reduced throughout cerebral white matter by 10 hours in hypoxia. However, no changes in T2 relaxation time (T2) or fractional anisotropy were observed. The TBSS identified an association between changes in mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and T2 both supra and subtentorially after 2 and 10 hours, with headache score after 10 hours in hypoxia. Region of interest-based analyses generally confirmed these results. These data indicate that acute periods of hypoxemia cause a shift of water into the intracellular space within the cerebral white matter, whereas no evidence of brain edema (a volumetric enlargement) is identifiable. Furthermore, these changes in brain water mobility are related to the intensity of high-altitude headache.

The effects of cold-induced brain edema and white-matter ischemia on the somatosensory evoked response

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie N. Sutton ◽  
Derek A. Bruce ◽  
Frank Welsh
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cold Lesion ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Response ◽  
Electrophysiological Effects ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Cortical Waves

✓ The electrophysiological effects of cold-lesion edema and white-matter ischemia were studied in cats by reference to the short-latency somatosensory evoked response. The primary cortical waves were found to be considerably delayed following a period of white-matter ischemia; however, cold-lesion edema appeared to have no significant effect on the evoked response. The authors conclude that vasogenic edema does not interfere with axonal functioning by an ischemic mechanism.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Choroid Plexus Xanthogranulomas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Altay
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Ct And Mri

INTRODUCTION: Seventy-five adult patients with retrospectively detected incidental choroid plexus xanthogranulomas (CPX) were evaluated with non-contrast brain computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. In this study, we aim to determine the imaging properties of CPX with CT and MRI, to evaluate the difference between white matter and CPX with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and ensure its potential use in the follow-up and treatment of CPX patients. METHODS: In this study, lesions between 5-25 mm were evaluated. CPX and white matter ADC measurements were performed on CT and MRI images in all lesions. An independent sample t-test was used for statistics. Cases with a history of cranial operation and any malignancy were excluded due to the possibility of metastasis. RESULTS: Bilateral CPX was detected in 41 and unilateral CPX in 34 patients. On CT, bilateral CPX calcifications were observed in 21 and unilateral calcifications in 44 patients. Calcification was not observed in brain CT in 10 patients. ADC (apparent diffusion coefficients) measurement was made from the widest and non-calcific parts of all lesions. ADC measurements were between 1.33-1.69x10-3/mm2/s and the mean value was 1.48x10-3/mm2/s. In all cases, the ADC value was lower relative to the white matter. ADC value was found to be higher and closer to the white matter ADC values than cases with a homogenous appearance in CPX patients with heterogeneous internal structure. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: ADC value is useful in the diagnosis of CPX. In conclusion, the follow-up of the ADC value is useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of CPX.

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