Examining the Effect of Automated Health Explanations on Older Adults’ Attitudes Toward Medication Information

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqueasha Martin-Hammond ◽  
Juan Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Medication Information

Benefits, Barriers, and Needs for an AI-powered Medication Information Chatbot for Older Adults: A Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghana Gudala ◽  
Sunitha Mogalla ◽  
Mandi Lyons ◽  
Padmavathy Ramaswamy ◽  
Mary Ellen Trail Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Medication Information ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Medication Side ◽  
The Many

BACKGROUND One of the most complicated medical needs of older adults is managing their complex medication regimens. However, the use of technology to aid older adults in this endeavor is impeded by the fact that their technological capabilities are lower than much of the rest of the population. What is needed to help manage medications, then, is a technology that seamlessly integrates within their comfort levels, including the use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) agents. OBJECTIVE To assess the benefits, barriers, and information needs that can be provided by an AI-powered medication information chatbot for older adults. METHODS Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with geriatric experts. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Each interview was coded by two investigators using a semi-open coding method for qualitative analysis and reconciliation was performed with a third investigator. All codes are organized into Benefit/Non-Benefit , Barrier/Non-Barrier, and Need categories. Iterative re-coding and member checking was performed until convergence was reached for all interviews. RESULTS The greatest Benefits of a medication information chatbot would be to overcome vision and dexterity hurdles experienced by most older adults as it uses voice-based technology. Next, it also helps with increasing older adult’s medication knowledge, adherence and supports their overall health. The main Barriers were technology familiarity and cost, especially in lower socio-economic older adults as well as security and privacy concerns. It was noted, however, that technology familiarity was not an insurmountable Barrier for younger seniors (ages 65-75), who have mostly owned smartphones, whereas older seniors (75+) may have never been major users of technology in the first place. The most important Needs were to be usable, to help patients with reminders, and to provide information on medication side effects and usage instructions. CONCLUSIONS Our needs analysis derived from expert interviews clarifies that a voice-based chatbot could be very beneficial to improve adherence and overall health if it is built to serve the many medication information needs of older adults like reminders, instructions, etc. However, the chatbot would have to be usable and affordable for its widespread use.

scholarly journals Benefits, Barriers, and Needs for an AI-powered Medication Information Voice Chatbot for Older Adults: A Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)

JMIR Aging ◽  
10.2196/32169 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghana Gudala ◽  
Sunitha Mogalla ◽  
Mandi Lyons ◽  
Padmavathy Ramaswamy ◽  
Mary Ellen Trail Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Medication Information

scholarly journals Improving Medication Understanding and Adherence Using Principles of Memory and Metacognition

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B. Hargis ◽  
Alan D. Castel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Medication Nonadherence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medication Information ◽  
Metacognitive Accuracy

More than half of older adults regularly take multiple medications. Rates of medication nonadherence are high, which undermines both patients’ health and the economy. Memory and metacognitive factors (such as misplaced confidence) help explain why patients across the life span may not understand or follow prescribed regimens. These factors include difficulties in remembering confusing information, patients’ and practitioners’ potential overconfidence in memory, and misunderstandings about memory. Patients, practitioners, and the public can use these principles to improve memory, enhance understanding, and promote metacognitive accuracy with respect to complex medication information, which may increase the likelihood of adherence.

Designing Medication Instructions for Older Adults

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Morrow ◽  
Von Leirer ◽  
Jill Andrassy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
General Information ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Medication Information ◽  
Health Care Beliefs

We examined if medication instructions were better remembered when organized in terms of older adults' pre-existing schemes for taking medication. A preliminary study suggested that older adults share a general scheme with medication information grouped into 3 categories: (a) General Information (e.g., medication purpose), (b) How to take (dose), and (c) Possible Outcomes (side-effects). In the present study, we investigated age differences in this scheme and in instruction recall. We also examined if individual differences in organization related to cognitive abilities, health care beliefs, and medication taking experience. For the most part, the results provided further evidence that older adults share a scheme for taking medication and revealed few age differences in this organization. Verbal ability was more important than health attitudes for predicting individual differences in instruction organization. Most important, older and younger subjects preferred and better remembered instructions that were organized in terms of their medication taking scheme.

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

Cognitive Load Affects Speech Motor Performance Differently in Older and Younger Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Speech Motor

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive load imposed by a speech production task on the speech motor performance of healthy older and younger adults. Response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory were the primary cognitive processes of interest.MethodTwelve healthy older and 12 healthy younger adults produced multiple repetitions of 4 sentences containing an embedded Stroop task in 2 cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. The incongruent condition, which required participants to suppress orthographic information to say the font colors in which color words were written, represented an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which word text and font color matched. Kinematic measures of articulatory coordination variability and movement duration as well as a behavioral measure of sentence production accuracy were compared between groups and conditions and across 3 sentence segments (pre-, during-, and post-Stroop).ResultsIncreased cognitive load in the incongruent condition was associated with increased articulatory coordination variability and movement duration, compared to the congruent Stroop condition, for both age groups. Overall, the effect of increased cognitive load was greater for older adults than younger adults and was greatest in the portion of the sentence in which cognitive load was manipulated (during-Stroop), followed by the pre-Stroop segment. Sentence production accuracy was reduced for older adults in the incongruent condition.ConclusionsIncreased cognitive load involving response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory processes within a speech production task disrupted both the stability and timing with which speech was produced by both age groups. Older adults' speech motor performance may have been more affected due to age-related changes in cognitive and motoric functions that result in altered motor cognition.

Effects of Aging on the Subcortical Encoding of Stop Consonants

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Dania Rishiq ◽  
Ashley Harkrider ◽  
Cary Springer ◽  
Mark Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Purpose The main purpose of this study was to evaluate aging effects on the predominantly subcortical (brainstem) encoding of the second-formant frequency transition, an essential acoustic cue for perceiving place of articulation. Method Synthetic consonant–vowel syllables varying in second-formant onset frequency (i.e., /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ stimuli) were used to elicit speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABRs) in 16 young adults ( M age = 21 years) and 11 older adults ( M age = 59 years). Repeated-measures mixed-model analyses of variance were performed on the latencies and amplitudes of the speech-ABR peaks. Fixed factors were phoneme (repeated measures on three levels: /b/ vs. /d/ vs. /g/) and age (two levels: young vs. older). Results Speech-ABR differences were observed between the two groups (young vs. older adults). Specifically, older listeners showed generalized amplitude reductions for onset and major peaks. Significant Phoneme × Group interactions were not observed. Conclusions Results showed aging effects in speech-ABR amplitudes that may reflect diminished subcortical encoding of consonants in older listeners. These aging effects were not phoneme dependent as observed using the statistical methods of this study.

Partner-Specific Communication Deficits in Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Eun Jin Paek ◽  
Si On Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Referential Communication ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Audience Design ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Communication Task ◽  
Design Skills ◽  
Referential Expressions

Purpose Speakers adjust referential expressions to the listeners' knowledge while communicating, a phenomenon called “audience design.” While individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show difficulties in discourse production, it is unclear whether they exhibit preserved partner-specific audience design. The current study examined if individuals with AD demonstrate partner-specific audience design skills. Method Ten adults with mild-to-moderate AD and 12 healthy older adults performed a referential communication task with two experimenters (E1 and E2). At first, E1 and participants completed an image-sorting task, allowing them to establish shared labels. Then, during testing, both experimenters were present in the room, and participants described images to either E1 or E2 (randomly alternating). Analyses focused on the number of words participants used to describe each image and whether they reused shared labels. Results During testing, participants in both groups produced shorter descriptions when describing familiar images versus new images, demonstrating their ability to learn novel knowledge. When they described familiar images, healthy older adults modified their expressions depending on the current partner's knowledge, producing shorter expressions and more established labels for the knowledgeable partner (E1) versus the naïve partner (E2), but individuals with AD were less likely to do so. Conclusions The current study revealed that both individuals with AD and the control participants were able to acquire novel knowledge, but individuals with AD tended not to flexibly adjust expressions depending on the partner's knowledge state. Conversational inefficiency and difficulties observed in AD may, in part, stem from disrupted audience design skills.

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