scholarly journals Eye tracking and pupil size variation as response to affective stimuli: a preliminary study

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lanata ◽  
Antonino Armato ◽  
Gaetano Valenza ◽  
Enzo Pasquale Scilingo
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Preliminary Study

Investigating the Use of Two Low Cost Eye Tracking Systems for Detecting Pupillary Response to Changes in Mental Workload

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Coyne ◽  
Ciara Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Pupillary Response ◽  
Background Luminance ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Size Data

Eye tracking technologies are being utilized at increasing rates within industry and research due to the very recent availability of low cost systems. This paper presents results from a study assessing two eye tracking systems, Gazepoint GP3 and Eye Tribe, both of which are available for under $500 and provide streaming gaze and pupil size data. The emphasis of this research was in evaluating the ability of these eye trackers to identify changes in pupil size which occur as a function of variations in lighting conditions as well as those associated with workload. Ten volunteers participated in an experiment in which a digit span task was employed to manipulate workload as user’s fixated on a monitor which varied in background luminance (black, gray and white). Results revealed that both systems were able to significantly differentiate pupil size differences in high and low workload trials and changes due to the monitor’s luminance. These findings are exceedingly promising for human factors researchers, as they open up the opportunity to augment studies with non-obtrusive, streaming measures of mental workload with technologies available for as little as $100.

Wine labels: an eye-tracking and pupillometry study

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Laeng ◽  
Takashi Suegami ◽  
Samira Aminihajibashi
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Specific Label

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to investigate how attention to wine labels related to preference by using quantitative measures of gaze and of the diameter of the eye pupil. We assessed whether eye fixations could predict choices and willingness to pay and whether pupil size could index the aesthetic value of wine labels. More specific goals were to identify which elements of a wine label captured attention the most and to assess whether an authentic label would be preferred by naïve consumers over other alternative labels, also designed by the same studio but excluded from the market. Design/methodology/approach Infrared eye-tracking was used to measure the amount of time spent on a specific label among four that were simultaneously shown on the computer screen. Participants also made explicit decisions about preferred labels and provided price estimates. Pupillometry was used for labels shown in isolation to obtain a physiological index of their arousing effect and aesthetic appeal. Eye fixations provided an index of what was selected by attention, whereas changes in the pupillary diameter indexed how intensively attention was focused on an item. Findings A strong positive relationship was found between the dwelling of gaze over a specific label and the degree in which a wine bottle was preferred and (virtually) chosen. The pictorial elements of the labels were fixated the most, whereas verbal information was looked at the least. Attractiveness scores of each bottle collected with one independent group of observers were able to predict the willingness to pay in another group. Moreover, pupil size changed non-linearly in relation to the hedonic values of the wine labels, indicating greater responses to the most as well as least attractive labels (i.e. for the most arousing labels). Research limitations/implications A limitation of the present experiments was that only choices and behavior of wine “novices” were probed; hence, the present findings might not be generalized to other segments (e.g. wine connoisseurs). Moreover, the present study could not specify which visual properties of a label affect preference, aesthetic value and estimates of price, as the study of these effects would require a large number and variety of label stimuli. Practical implications Eye monitoring methods could assist marketing studies of preferences and decision-making. Both wine label designers and wine producers could benefit from eye-tracking methods to improve label selection and optimize the design process of a wine label. Originality/value Although both eye-tracking and pupillometry have been used to the investigate aesthetic preferences for at least the past 50 years, the measurement of pupil diameter and eye movements to study attributes of (authentic) wine labels and their effectiveness is entirely novel. The present study confirms that measures based on eye-tracking combined to explicit choices or ratings provide complementary types of market-relevant information. Both methods provide objective, quantitative, information of the effect of the labels on consumers that is independent but predictive of actual choices and verbally reported preferences. Moreover, they appear to index different processes, pupillometry being a proxy of aesthetic value and gaze a reliable index of choice. Thus, the present findings can be of value to the academic researcher as well as industry and design practitioners.

Human intention recognition based on eyeball movement pattern and pupil size variation

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Min Jang ◽  
Rammohan Mallipeddi ◽  
Sangil Lee ◽  
Ho-Wan Kwak ◽  
Minho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Intention Recognition ◽  
Human Intention

Low Cost Eye Tracking: Ready for Individual Differences Research?

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 741-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Sibley ◽  
Cyrus Foroughi ◽  
Noelle Brown ◽  
Joseph T. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Student Pilots ◽  
Partial Operation ◽  
Selection Test

The recent availability of low cost of eye tracking hardware provides researchers a fruitful opportunity to collect additional human subject data for under $700. This current study sought to investigate whether low-cost eye tracking is capable of replicating a large effect showing a relationship between resting pupil size and working memory capacity. Seventy-nine Navy and Marine Corps student pilots participated in this study and granted access to their aviation selection test scores. The study demonstrated the capability of the Gazepoint GP3 system to detect the pupillary light reflex within every participant. However, in contrast to findings from other researchers, analyses revealed a negative correlation between resting pupil size and partial Operation Span scores and no correlation between resting pupil size and two cognitive components of the aviation selection test. These findings, in addition to other reasons discussed herein, suggest that the Gazepoint GP3 system’s millimeter pupil size measurements should not be used in isolation to compare values between individuals. They also suggest the need for further investigation of the relationship between baseline pupil size and working memory capacity.

scholarly journals A pupil size, eye-tracking and neuropsychological dataset from ADHD children during a cognitive task

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rojas-Líbano ◽  
Gabriel Wainstein ◽  
Ximena Carrasco ◽  
Francisco Aboitiz ◽  
Nicolás Crossley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Adhd Children

Objective Eye Tracking Metrics of Vision and Autonomic Dysfunction Distinguish Adolescents With Acute Concussion and Those with Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms from Uninjured Controls

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S6.2-S7
Author(s):  
Divya Jain ◽  
Kristy Arbogast ◽  
Catherine McDonald ◽  
Olivia Podolak ◽  
Susan Margulies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Saccadic Movement ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Injury Status ◽  
Tracking Technology

ObjectiveTo explore the utility of an eye-tracking assessment in distinguishing binocular alignment, saccadic movement, and pupillary dynamics among uninjured adolescents, acute cases (= 28 days since concussion), and persistent cases (>28 days since concussion).BackgroundVisual and autonomic system disturbances are common sequelae of concussion. Quantification of visual and autonomic dysfunction via an eye tracking device could provide an objective method of acute diagnosis and subacute identification of ongoing injury.Design/MethodsWe compared 347 eye tracking metrics, derived from a 220 seconds eye-tracking assessment, among 132 uninjured adolescents (mean age: 15.3, 56.2% female), 110 acute cases (mean days since injury: 12.5, mean age: 15.4, 46.4% female), and 95 persistent cases (mean days since injury: 53.6, mean age: 15.4, 70.2% female) using Kruskal-Wallis tests with Bonferroni corrections to account for multiple comparisons.ResultsNine eye-tracking metrics were significantly associated with injury status. One measure of binocular alignment (acute v. control: p = 0.003, persistent v. control: p = 0.001) and one measure of saccadic movement (acute v. persistent: p = 0.03, acute v. control: p = 0.03, persistent v. control: p < 0.001) were worse in cases. Cases had larger left and right mean and median pupil size than uninjured adolescents (acute v. control, p < 0.001; persistent v. control, p < 0.001). Cases had greater differences in mean (acute v. control: p < 0.001, persistent v. control: p < 0.001), median (acute v. control, p < 0.001, persistent v. control, p = 0.003), and variance of (acute v. control: p < 0.001, persistent v. control: p < 0.001) left and right pupil size. Eight of these metrics distinguished female cases from uninjured adolescents, but similar differences were not observed in male participants.ConclusionsObjective eye tracking technology can identify vision and pupillary disturbances after concussion. These metrics could be integrated into clinical practice to monitor recovery in a heterogeneous adolescent concussion population and may identify sex-specific differences in autonomic dysfunction.

Analyzing Stimuli Presentations and Exit-Interview Protocols to Improve Wearable Eye-Tracking Data Collection Guidelines for Reading Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Hazita Azman ◽  
Warid Mihat ◽  
Or Kan Soh
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Exit Interview ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Authentic Materials ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Made In

Setting up an eye tracking experiment involves multitier processes that cover important issues such as developing the data collection guidelines, establishing data analysis protocols, and giving meaning to data. Although eye tracking handbooks have established imperative discussion on how the data should be analysed and written, there is still a dearth in the literature on data collection guidelines caused by the variety of features in different kinds of eye trackers. In this study, the researchers review the use of a wearable eye tracking apparatus with authentic materials and interview protocols. Exemplified through a preliminary study conducted on Year Six students in a primary school that investigates the internal processes of reading ESL texts, the significance and implications of using a wearable eye-tracking apparatus with a single point calibration are reported to improve the data collection guidelines. Relatedly, considerations for research procedures and instrument designs are also made in this paper.

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