Is There an Association Between Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Values and Serum Testosterone Levels in Healthy Men?

The present study made use of the female transsexual model and sought to evaluate the contributions of the ovarian, endometrial, and breast tissues to the androgen up-regulated production of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Serum levels of PSA were significantly raised in female transsexuals before surgery, after long-term androgen therapy (mean ± se = 35.3 ± 6.2 pg/mL) when compared with female transsexuals before surgery, but with no androgen therapy (mean ± se = 1.53 ± 0.25 pg/mL). In addition, in androngenized female transsexuals, after surgery, concentrations of PSA (mean ± se = 14.5 ± 2.8 pg/mL) were significantly lowered compared with androngenized female transsexuals after surgery, but the levels were, nevertheless, significantly higher than in normal females. Monthly im injection of 250 mg Sustanon-250 to female transsexuals had raised serum testosterone levels to within the male range. In five subjects, in whom serial measurements were taken, serum testosterone levels were greatly raised 24 h after the testosterone therapy; the mean level (±se) was 19.5 ± 2.1 ng/mL. But in spite of these high testosterone levels, serum PSA levels (mean ± se= 2.2 ± 0.9 pg/mL) were not significantly raised. However, after 12 months of androgen therapy, the mean (±se) PSA level in these five subjects was 47 ± 11.6 pg/mL and was significantly higher than the mean level in nonandrogenized female transsexuals. The present study confirmed that high levels of testosterone were able to up-regulate PSA production in women. This up-regulation of PSA production is both a dose- and time-dependent process. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that breast tissues are possibly a nonprostatic source of androgen up-regulated production of PSA women.

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Physiologic variations of serum testosterone within the normal range do not affect serum prostate-specific antigen

Urology ◽

10.1016/s0090-4295(99)80159-9 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 58-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

James R. Monath ◽

David L. McCullough ◽

Lois J. Hart ◽

Jonathan P. Jarow

Keyword(s):

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Normal Range ◽

Serum Prostate Specific Antigen

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Effects of EPA, γ-linolenic acid or coenzyme Q10 on serum prostate-specific antigen levels: a randomised, double-blind trial

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512004783 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 164-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Safarinejad ◽

Nayyer Shafiei ◽

Shiva Safarinejad

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Coenzyme Q ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Reproductive Hormones ◽

Double Blind ◽

Healthy Men ◽

Serum Prostate Specific Antigen

The main objective of the present study was to determine the potential ofn-3 andn-6 fatty acids or coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) to alter serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in normal healthy men. A total of 504 healthy men with serum PSA level ≤ 2·5 ng/ml were recruited into the study. Serum PSA values were not segregated by decade of age. Participants were randomly assigned to a daily dietary supplement containingn-3 fatty acids (1·12 g of EPA and 0·72 g of DHA per capsule) (group 1,n126),n-6 fatty acid (600 mg γ-linolenic acid (GLA) each capsule) (group 2,n126), CoQ10(100 mg per capsule) (group 3,n126) or a similar regimen of placebo (group 4,n126) for 12 weeks. Study medication was administered as two capsules to be taken twice daily. Serum levels of PSA, EPA, DHA, GLA, lipid profile and reproductive hormones were also measured. EPA treatment significantly reduced serum PSA level by 30·0 (95 % CI 25, 36) % (P= 0·004) from baseline. In contrast, GLA therapy significantly increased serum PSA concentration by 15·0 (95 % CI 11, 20) % (P= 0·02). CoQ10therapy also significantly reduced serum PSA level by 33·0 (95 % CI 27, 40) % (P= 0·002). In multivariable analysis, serum values of PSA were strongly correlated with duration of EPA (r− 0·62; 95 % CI − 0·42, − 0·77;P= 0·003),n-6 (r0·42; 95 % CI 0·31, 0·58;P= 0·02) and CoQ10use (r− 0·77; 95 % CI − 0·56, − 0·87;P= 0·001). There were also significant correlations between serum values of DHA, EPA, GLA and CoQ10and serum PSA levels. The present study demonstrates that dietary supplements containing EPA, GLA or CoQ10may significantly affect serum PSA levels.

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