Loss of Willpower: Abnormal Neural Mechanisms of Impulse Control and Decision Making in Addiction

2012 ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Bechara ◽  
Xavier Noel ◽  
Eveline A. Crone
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Neural Mechanisms

Neural Mechanisms of the Testosterone–Aggression Relation: The Role of Orbitofrontal Cortex

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 2357-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranjal H. Mehta ◽  
Jennifer Beer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Reduced Activity

Testosterone plays a role in aggressive behavior, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that testosterone influences aggression through the OFC, a region implicated in self-regulation and impulse control. In a decision-making paradigm in which people chose between aggression and monetary reward (the ultimatum game), testosterone was associated with increased aggression following social provocation (rejecting unfair offers). The effect of testosterone on aggression was explained by reduced activity in the medial OFC. The findings suggest that testosterone increases the propensity toward aggression because of reduced activation of the neural circuitry of impulse control and self-regulation.

The Oxford Handbook of Impulse Control Disorders

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Impulse Control Disorders ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Intermittent Explosive Disorder ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Psychopathological Disorders

Impulsivity, to varying degrees, is what underlies human behavior and decision-making processes. As such, a thorough examination of impulsivity allows us to better understand modes of normal behavior and action as well as a range of related psychopathological disorders, including kleptomania, pyromania, trichotillomania, intermittent explosive disorder, and pathological gambling—disorders grouped under the term "impulse control disorders" (ISDs). Recent efforts in the areas of cognitive psychology, neurobiology, and genetics have provided a greater understanding of these behaviors and given way to improved treatment options. The Oxford Handbook of Impulse Control Disorders provides a clear understanding of the developmental, biological, and phenomenological features of a range of ICDs, as well as detailed approaches to their assessment and treatment. Bringing together founding ICD researchers and leading experts from psychology and psychiatry, this volume reviews the biological underpinnings of impulsivity and the conceptual challenges facing clinicians as they treat individuals with ICDs.

scholarly journals Birds of a Feather Flock Together: Disadvantageous Decision Making in Augmented Restless Legs Syndrome Patients with and without Impulse Control Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Beatrice Heim ◽  
Philipp Ellmerer ◽  
Ambra Stefani ◽  
Anna Heidbreder ◽  
Elisabeth Brandauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Information Sampling ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Beads Task

Background: Augmentation (AUG) in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) can be associated with impulse control disorder (ICD) symptoms, such as compulsive sexual behavior, gambling disorder or compulsive shopping. In this study, we wanted to assess whether RLS patients with AUG differ in decision making from those patients who have augmentation and in addition ICD symptoms (AUG + ICD) in a post hoc analysis of a patient cohort assessed in a previous study. Methods: In total, 40 RLS patients with augmentation (19 AUG + ICD, 21 AUG without ICDs) were included. RLS diagnosis, severity, and diagnosis of augmentation were made by sleep disorder specialists. ICD symptoms were assessed using semi-structured interviews. All patients performed the beads task, which is an information sampling task where participants must decide from which of the two cups colored beads were drawn. Results were compared to 21 healthy controls (HC). Results: There was no difference in information sampling or irrational decision making between AUG and AUG + ICD patients (p = 0.67 and p = 1.00, respectively). Both patient groups drew less beads and made more irrational decisions than HC (all p-values < 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that augmentation itself is associated with poorer decision making even in the absence of ICD symptoms. Further studies are necessary to explore whether rapid and hasty decision making are a harbinger of augmentation in RLS.

scholarly journals Risky decision-making and affective features of impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Martini ◽  
Simon J. Ellis ◽  
James A. Grange ◽  
Stefano Tamburin ◽  
Denise Dal Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Impulse Control Disorders ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision

Neural mechanisms of sexual decision-making in women with alcohol use disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kess L. Folco ◽  
Daniel J. Fridberg ◽  
Lindsay R. Arcurio ◽  
Peter R. Finn ◽  
Julia R. Heiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Sexual Decision Making

scholarly journals Mice are not automatons; subjective experience in premotor circuits guides behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew C. Schreiner ◽  
Christian Cazares ◽  
Rafael Renteria ◽  
Christina M Gremel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Checking Behavior ◽  
Corticostriatal Circuits

Subjective experience is a powerful driver of decision-making and continuously accrues. However, most neurobiological studies constrain analyses to task-related variables and ignore how continuously and individually experienced internal, temporal, and contextual factors influence adaptive behavior during decision-making and the associated neural mechanisms. We show mice rely on learned information about recent and longer-term subjective experience of variables above and beyond prior actions and reward, including checking behavior and the passage of time, to guide self-initiated, self-paced, and self-generated actions. These experiential variables were represented in secondary motor cortex (M2) activity and its projections into dorsal medial striatum (DMS). M2 integrated this information to bias strategy-level decision-making, and DMS projections used specific aspects of this recent experience to plan upcoming actions. This suggests diverse aspects of experience drive decision-making and its neural representation, and shows premotor corticostriatal circuits are crucial for using selective aspects of experiential information to guide adaptive behavior.

Neural mechanisms mediating association of sympathetic activity and exploration in decision-making

Neuroscience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ohira ◽  
M. Matsunaga ◽  
H. Murakami ◽  
T. Osumi ◽  
S. Fukuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Neural Mechanisms

scholarly journals Brain stimulation reveals crucial role of overcoming self-centeredness in self-control

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. e1600992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Soutschek ◽  
Christian C. Ruff ◽  
Tina Strombach ◽  
Tobias Kalenscher ◽  
Philippe N. Tobler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Discounting ◽  
Number Recognition ◽  
Social Decision Making

Neurobiological models of self-control predominantly focus on the role of prefrontal brain mechanisms involved in emotion regulation and impulse control. We provide evidence for an entirely different neural mechanism that promotes self-control by overcoming bias for the present self, a mechanism previously thought to be mainly important for interpersonal decision-making. In two separate studies, we show that disruptive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the temporo-parietal junction—a brain region involved in overcoming one’s self-centered perspective—increases the discounting of delayed and prosocial rewards. This effect of TMS on temporal and social discounting is accompanied by deficits in perspective-taking and does not reflect altered spatial reorienting and number recognition. Our findings substantiate a fundamental commonality between the domains of self-control and social decision-making and highlight a novel aspect of the neurocognitive processes involved in self-control.

scholarly journals Neural mechanisms of risky decision-making and reward response in adolescent onset cannabis use disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. De Bellis ◽  
Lihong Wang ◽  
Sara R. Bergman ◽  
Richard H. Yaxley ◽  
Stephen R. Hooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision
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