INFLUENCE OF BODY WEIGHT AND CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT OF THE COW ON PREWEANING TRAITS OF THE CALF

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-607
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
R. J. PARKER ◽  
S. YODSERANEE ◽  
E. W. STRINGAM
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Selection Experiment ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was designed to estimate and evaluate environmental factors affecting birth weight, weaning weight and preweaning average daily gain (ADG) of purebred Shorthorn calves from the control line of a selection experiment. Nine years of data consisted of 635 birth weight and 607 weaning weight records. Least squares analysis of variance revealed that sex of the calf was the most important source of variation: males averages 2.31 kg heavier at birth, were 14.3 kg heavier at weaning and gained 0.08 kg more per day from birth to weaning than females. Heavier cows in June, October, and December prior to parturition and at parturition produced heavier calves at birth. Heavier cows in October prior to parturition, at parturition, and in June or October following parturition produced calves which grew more rapidly from birth to weaning and were heavier at weaning. There was no apparent effect of cow weight changes before or after parturition on preweaning traits. Correlations of birth weight with weaning weight, preweaning ADG and cow weight at parturition were 0.56 ± 0.03, 0.43 ± 0.04 and 0.24 ± 0.04 respectively. Correlations of weaning weight and preweaning average daily gain with cow weights at parturition were 0.42 ± 0.04 and 0.40 ± 0.04. Correlations among cow weights in June, October, and December prior to parturition, at parturition, and in June and October following parturition were estimated.

FACTORS AFFECTING PREWEANING PERFORMANCE IN BEEF CATTLE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. JEFFERY ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Gain

Two years data involving 176 and 201 cows from the University of Alberta beef breeding herd were used to study the influences on calf preweaning performance of: breed, age, weight, summer and winter weight changes and milk yield of dam; breed of sire; and birth weight, weaning age and sex of calf. All independent variables combined explained 73 and 70% of total variance in average daily gain (ADG) to weaning and 81 and 70% of total variance in weaning weight, respectively, for 1966 and 1967. Of all variables considered, milk yield had the greatest influence on preweaning performance, explaining about 60% of the variation in ADG to weaning and 40 to 50% of the variation in weaning weight. A 1-kg increase in daily milk yield resulted in an 11- to 14-kg increase in weaning weight. Breed of dam explained about 23% of total variance in ADG to weaning, most of which was accounted for by breed differences in milk yield. Breed-of-sire differences accounted for 5.7 and 1.4% of variance in ADG of progeny for 1966 and 1967 data, respectively. Male calves exceeded female calves in birth weight by 2 kg, in ADG to weaning by 0.03 kg, and in weaning weight by 8 to 9 kilograms. Birth weight was positively associated with calf growth rate. A 1-kg increase in birth weight resulted in 1.74- and 1.59-kg increases in weaning weight for 1966 and 1967, respectively. A 10-kg increase in post-calving weight of cow, independent of milk yield and cow age, resulted in approximately a 0.7-kg increase in weaning weight of calf. Average daily gain to weaning was influenced slightly more by cow age than by post-calving weight of cow. However, about 80% of the variation in ADG explained by either cow age or post-calving weight of cow was accounted for by differences in milk yield associated with either variable.

MASS SELECTION FOR POST-WEANING GROWTH IN SWINE. V. CORRELATED RESPONSE OF REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND PRE-WEANING GROWTH

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-801
Author(s):  
I. GARNETT ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Daily Gain

Female reproductive performance and pre-weaning survival and growth were examined in a population of swine over 11 generations of selection for post-weaning average daily gain (ADG). Three separate breeding groups were used: (1) a Lacombe (L) line selected each generation for ADG, (2) a Yorkshire control (Y) line, and (3) a crossbred Lacombe × Yorkshire group (LY) generated each generation from the L and Y lines. Breeding group differences were evident for litter size, perinatal mortality, pre-weaning mortality, gestation length, birth weight, pre-weaning average daily gain (PreADG) and weaning weight. Selection did not affect number born, number born alive, number weaned or birth weight. When the values for the L line were expressed as a deviation from the control, pre-weaning mortality showed an increase. The increase appeared to be due to a decrease in the control rather than an increase in the L line. Gestation length showed a negative response to selection. As in the case of pre-weaning mortality, the response appeared to be a reflection of the instability of the control line. Genetic gains in PreADG of 0.004 kg/day/generation were realized in both the L line and LY group. Correspondingly, responses of 0.18 and 0.19 kg/generation were realized for weaning weight in the L line and LY group.

The relationships between pre- and post-weaning growth traits in lambs of Iranian fat-tailed sheep and their crosses with Corriedale and Targhee rams

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Farid ◽  
M. Makarechian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Total Gain

ABSTRACTThe pre-weaning records (birth weight, weaning weight and gain from birth to weaning) of 291 male and female lambs and the post-weaning records (body weight, feedlot gain and food conversion) of 136 male lambs were used to study relationships between different traits. The lambs were derived from three fat-tailed Iranian sheep breeds (Karakul, Mehraban and Naeini) and their crosses with Corriedale and Targhee rams. All lambs were weaned at 75 + 5 days of age and the males were fed in a feedlot for 100 days after weaning. Feedlot measurements were taken at 20-day intervals.Weaning weight and pre-weaning average daily gain showed positive and significant associations with birth weight. Birth weight, weaning weight and gain from birth to weaning were positively associated with body weight at subsequent ages in feedlot as well as with final weight (P<0·01). Birth weight, weaning weight and pre-weaning average daily gain were positively and significantly associated with total feedlot gain.Of the different traits, total gain during the first 20 days in feedlot (adjust period) had the lowest and total gain during the second 20 days had the highest association with total feedlot daily gain. There was no evidence that the heavier lambs at weaning and those showing high growth rate before weaning, were more efficient in the feedlot. Gain during the second 20-day period in the feedlot had a significant negative association with the total food conversion (unit food/unit gain) and therefore was a good predictor for food conversion.When the feedlot period was divided into two 40-day periods, it was found that gain during both had a significant negative association with the corresponding food conversion. A similar association was observed between total feedlot gain and food conversion, indicating that the rate and efficiency of gain improved simultaneously.

scholarly journals PSVII-9 Evaluating Performance Trends of the Four Most Represented Breeds of Bulls in the Utah Beef Improvement Performance Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Matthew D Garcia ◽  
Madelyn Kunzler ◽  
Kim Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This study evaluated changes in performance of bulls enrolled in the Utah Beef Improvement Association’s (UBIA) annual performance tests conducted in accordance with central bull test standards established by the Beef Improvement Federation. Breeds with over 500 bulls enrolled over the period of 2004 to 2018 were included in the evaluation. The breeds with greater than 500 animals evaluated included the Angus, Red Angus, Hereford and Simmental Breeds. Traits evaluated included birth weight, initial weight, a 205-day adjusted weaning weight, final test weight, average daily gain, adjusted yearling weight, and weight per day of age. The mixed model procedure of SAS and interval regression analyses were utilized to evaluate the yearly rate of change for each breed and to determine if that rate of change was significantly different (P &lt; 0.05) between the evaluated breeds. When evaluating all breeds represented across years, significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were observed for rate of change when evaluating birth weight and 205-day adjusted weaning weight. However, no differences were observed between breeds with more than 500 animals represented. Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) for rate of change were observed when comparing the top four represented breeds, for average daily gain, initial test weight, final test weight, adjusted yearling weight and weight per day of age. Specifically, a declining trend was noted for all breeds when evaluation all significant traits. When evaluating the previously described traits, the Angus breed was significantly different in its rate of decline when compared to the Red Angus and Hereford breeds. The lone increasing trend was observed in the Hereford breed which had a positive increasing trend for initial test weight which was significantly different (P &lt; 0.05) from both the Angus and Red Angus breeds but not significantly different from the Simmental breed.

Genetic improvement of meat sheep. 1. A comparison of different methods of correcting weaning weight for age of lamb

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
IP Gregory ◽  
EM Roberts ◽  
JW James
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meat Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight For Age

Several methods of correcting lamb weaning weight for age were compared. Lambs were weighed at birth, at 90 � 1 day of age, when the oldest and when the youngest lamb was 90 days and when the average age of lambs was 90 days. Weights were adjusted to 90 days by the methods of regression, regression pooled within sire groups, average daily gain with and without a standard birth weight and weight per day of age. All the correction methods examined gave similar results and there was no significant difference between methods. The correlations between the actual 90-day weight and the adjusted weights ranged from 0.922 to 0.960 and were highest when the weights taken when the average age of lambs was 90 days were used as the basis for adjustment. All adjusted weights were significantly biased as estimates of actual 90-day weight, but the bias was least for weights when average age was 90 days.

Estimates of genetic parameters for pre-weaning and post-weaning growth traits of Chios lambs

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Mavrogenis ◽  
A. Louca ◽  
O. W. Robison
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTData on 792 Chios lambs born during the 1972/73 and 1973/74 lambing seasons were used to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for birth weight, weaning weight, age at weaning, pre-weaning daily gain, body weight at 5, 10, 15 and 20 weeks of age, and postweaning daily gain. Body weight at 15 weeks of age had the highest heritability estimate (0·73 ± 0·17) and that of post-weaning daily gain was also high (0·56 ± 0·15). Selection for either weight at 15 weeks or post-weaning daily gain would be expected to yield a greater response than selection for pre-weaning daily gain or weaning weight. Genetic correlations among weights and/or gains were positive (approximately 0·20). Phenotypic correlations among weights and gains were generally higher than genetic correlations. However, the correlation between pre— and post-weaning daily gain was small (0·08). Likewise, post-weaning daily gain had low correlations with all weights before 10 weeks. Age at weaning had moderate negative associations with all weights but a very low positive correlation with post-weaning daily gain.

AGE AND WEIGHT AT PUBERTY OF CROSSBRED HEIFERS SIRED BY CHAROLAIS, LIMOUSIN, AND SIMMENTAL BULLS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. SWIERSTRA ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
R. L. CLIPLEF ◽  
J. H. STRAIN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Visual Observations

Age and weight at first observed estrus (puberty) were studied in 471 crossbred heifers produced by inseminating Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn cows with semen from Charolais, Limousin, and Simmental bulls. Heifers were kept in drylots after weaning and gained an average of 0.68 kg/day. Visual observations and vasectomized bulls fitted with marking harnesses were used for estrous detection. At puberty, the median and mean ages were 336 and 342 days, and the median and mean weights 296 and 305 kg. At puberty, Charolais- and Simmental-sired heifers were about 22 days younger (median age; P < 0.01) than Limousin-sired heifers (324 and 326 vs. 347 days, respectively). Charolais-sired heifers were significantly heavier (median weight) than Limousin- and Simmental-sired heifers (306 vs. 294 and 292 kg, respectively). Heifers from Angus and Hereford dams were about 22 days older (P < 0.01) at puberty than heifers from Shorthorn dams (median 347 and 346 vs. 324 days). Heifers with high preweaning growth rates attained puberty at an earlier age (r = −0.24; P < 0.01). Day of birth within the year had a significant effect on age and weight at puberty; i.e., heifers born early in the calving season were older and heavier at puberty. Weight at puberty was associated with weaning weight (r = 0.61; P < 0.01), birth weight (r = 0.41; P < 0.01), and preweaning average daily gain (r = 0.54; P < 0.01). Calves that were heavy at birth tended to be heavy at weaning, and heavy weaning weights, in turn, were associated with heavy weights at puberty. By 15 mo of age, 99% of all heifers were cycling.

scholarly journals Effect of Birth Weight and Sex on Pre-Weaning Growth Rate of Piglets

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Škorjanc ◽  
M. Brus ◽  
M. Čandek Potokar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract. A study was conducted to find out the effect of birth weight and sex on growth rate of piglets in pre-weaning period. A total of 466 piglets from 48 litters of multiparous sows (Landrace) were involved in the experiment. Using a clustering approach piglets were assigned into three birth weight groups (Heavy (H), Intermediate (I), Light (L)). For the analysis of growth performance, pigs were weighed every 7 days until weaning at 28 days of age and average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. During lactation, body weight of L piglets was 5.5-fold increased, whereas the increase in I and H piglets were only 4.7-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively. Piglets of L group were significantly lighter at all studied ages compared to piglets of I and H group. The highest ADG was noted in the second week for all three groups; thereafter it decreased in H and L piglets (24% and 17%, respectively). The average birth weight of piglets was positively and significantly correlated with body weight at days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Sex did not affect significantly the ADG of the investigated animals during the four weeks of lactation. The present results indicate that neither milk production after the second week of lactation nor consumption of creep feed are sufficient enough to cover nutrition needs of fast growing piglets. There’s still a lack of optimization of nutrition in pre-weaning period especially for heavier piglets with their higher growth potential.

THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON PREWEANING GROWTH OF YANKASA SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
E. M. Awemu ◽  
B. Y. Abubakar ◽  
L. N. Nwakalor
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Inbreeding Level ◽  
Daily Gain

The accumulated and annual levels of inbreeding and their effects on growth traits of lambs were investigated using data collected over 11 years at the National Animal Production Research Institute Zaria. Inbreeding level averaged 1.313% per year, cumulating to 14.45% over the years. Average individuals inbreeding coefficients of offspring from sires used for more than one breeding period was 0.103% across the inbred individuals and 0.004% over all lambs. Regression coefficients of growth traits (everage values per year) on inbreeding levels by year were – 0.185kg ± 1.820g and -0.391kg for birth weight, preweaning average daily gain and weaning weight, respectively. All regression coefficients indicated that birth weight and weaning weight declined by 0.185kg and 0.391kg, respectively while preweaning average daily gain increased by 1.820g. Conscious efforts to reduce inbreeding level and its effects on growth traits will greatly lead to improved productivity

A note on the association between transferrin types and some productive traits in Iranian sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pasdar ◽  
M. Makarechian ◽  
A. Farid
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Daily Gain

SummaryAn investigation was made of the association of transferrin types with birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain from birth to weaning in three breeds of Iranian sheep. Transferrin type was not a significant source of variation in weight.

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