GROWTH AND FEEDING CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE BREEDS OF SWINE AND THEIR CROSSES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-936
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
W. E. REMPEL ◽  
S. G. CORNELIUS ◽  
C. E. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Animal Growth

Data from 200 hogs, representing all possible two-breed and purebreed crosses of Minnesota No. 1 (M), Pietrain (P), and Yorkshire (Y) breeds and two sexes, barrows (1) and gilts (2), were recorded following slaughter at four developmental stages (22.5 kg, 45.0 kg, 67.5 kg, and 90.0 kg liveweight). The objectives were to examine: (a) breed and sex effects on allometric growth coefficients (AGC) and lean tissue growth rates (LTGR); (b) breed differences for feed efficiency on a live animal basis (GF) and lean tissue basis (LTGF); (c) heterosis and differences between reciprocal crosses for these traits; and (d) the relationship between live animal growth rate and LTGR. Breed differences were: P × P(2) < [M × M(1,2) = P × P(1) = Y × Y(1,2)] for AGC and (P = Y)> M for LTGR, GF, and LTGF. Differences (P < 0.05) between barrows and gilts were found in the P × P and Y × P crosses for AGC but none were found for LTGR. Heterosis estimates for LTGR increased in magnitude with stage of development, but were stable when expressed on a percent basis, and differences between reciprocal crosses remained constant. Heterosis estimates were found to be significant (P < 0.05) for AGC and GF but not for LTGR. Significant (P < 0.05) differences between reciprocal crosses were reported for GF and LTGF but not for AGC. Live animal growth rate was found to be a good predictor of LTGR with R2 ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. Key words: Allometric growth coefficients, feed efficiency, breed differences, heterosis, reciprocal differences, swine

Developments of carcass cuts, organs, body tissues and chemical body composition during growth of pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Landgraf ◽  
A. Susenbeth ◽  
P.W. Knap ◽  
H. Looft ◽  
G.S. Plastow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Carcass Cuts

A serial slaughter trial was carried out to examine the developmental change of physical and chemical body composition in pigs highly selected for lean content. A total of 48 pigs (17 females and 31 castrated males) were serially slaughtered and chemically analysed. Eight pigs were slaughtered at 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 140 kg live weight, (LW) respectively. The carcass was chilled and the left carcass side was dissected into the primal carcass cuts ham, loin, shoulder, belly and neck. Each primal carcass cut was further dissected into lean tissue, bones and rind. Additionally, the physical and chemical body composition was obtained for the total empty body as well as for the three fractions soft tissue, bones and viscera. Viscera included the organs, blood, empty intestinal tract and leaf fat. The relationship between physical or chemical body composition and empty body weight (EBWT) at slaughter was assessed using allometric equations (log10y=log10a+b log10 EBWT). Dressing percentage increased from 69·4 to 85·2% at 20 to 120 kg and then decreased to 83·1% at 140 kg LW, whereas percentage of soft tissue, bones and viscera changed from 23·5 to 33·0%, 10·1 to 6·3% and 14·7 to 10·3%, respectively, during the entire growth period. Substantial changes in proportional weights of carcass cuts on the left carcass side were obtained for loin (10·5 to 17·5%) and belly (11·3 to 13·8%) during growth from 20 to 140 kg. Soft tissue fraction showed an allometric coefficient above 1 ( b=1·14) reflecting higher growth rate in relation to the total empty body. The coefficients for the fractions bones and viscera were substantially below 1 with b=0·77 and 0·79, respectively, indicating substantial lower growth relative to growth of the total empty body. Lean tissue allometric growth rate of different primal cuts ranged from b=1·02 (neck) to 1·28 (belly), whereas rates of components associated with fat tissue growth rate ranged from b=0·62 (rind of belly) to 1·79 (backfat). For organs, allometric growth rate ranged from b=0·61 (liver) to 0·90 (spleen). For the entire empty body, allometric accretion rate was 1·01, 1·75, 1·02 and 0·85 for protein, lipid, ash and water, respectively. Extreme increase in lipid deposition was obtained during growth from 120 to 140 kg growth. This was strongly associated with an increase in backfat and leaf fat in this period. Interestingly, breeds selected for high leanness such as Piétrain sired progeny showed an extreme increase in lipid accretion at a range of LW from 120 to 140 kg, which indicates that selection has only postponed the lipid deposition to an higher weight compared with the normally used final weight of 100 kg on the performance test. The estimates obtained for allometric growth rates of primal carcass cuts, body tissue and chemical body composition can be used to predict changes in weight of carcass cuts, determine selection goals concerning lean tissue growth, food intake capacity, etc. and generally as input parameters for pig growth models that can be used to improve the efficiency of the entire pig production system for pigs highly selected for lean content.

Muscle histochemical and biochemical properties in relation to meat quality during selection for increased lean tissue growth rate in pigs1

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Karlsson ◽  
Ann-Charlotte Enfält ◽  
Birgitta Essén-Gustavsson ◽  
Kerstin Lundström ◽  
Lotta Rydhmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Selection For

The influence of level of feeding on nutrient partition and energy metabolism in pigs of different growth potential

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
G.H. Laswai ◽  
W.H. Close ◽  
C.E. Sharpe ◽  
H.D. Keal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Body Weights

Continued improvement through genetic selection and the use of entire males has resulted in pigs with considerable potential for lean tissue growth rate. These animals have, however, lower appetites and this suggests that there may be considerable differences in the partition and in the efficiency of utilisation of dietary nutrients, compared with those previously recommended by ARC (1981). There may also be differences in energy expenditure since Campbell and Taverner (1988) and Rao and McCracken (1990) have suggested that animals of high potential for lean tissue growth rate have higher maintenance energy requirements. There is little information on the energy requirements of pigs of different growth potential and the present experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of feeding levels on nutrient partition and energy metabolism of pigs of different body weights and sex.

Osteochondrosis and leg weakness in pigs selected for lean tissue growth rate

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Stern ◽  
Nils Lundeheim ◽  
Kjell Johansson ◽  
Kjell Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Leg Weakness

Growth of bovine tissues 1. Genetic influences on growth patterns of muscle, fat and bone in young bulls

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Berg ◽  
B. B. Andersen ◽  
T. Liboriussen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Sire Breed

AbstractCarcass composition and growth patterns for muscle, fat and bone were compared among 277 young male progeny of eight sire breeds, serially slaughtered at 300 kg live weight, 12 months and 15 months of age. The sire breeds were Simmental (SIM), Charolais (CHA), Danish Red and White (DRK), Romagnola (ROM), Chianina (CHI), Hereford (HER), Blonde d'Aquitaine (BDA) and Limousin (LIM). Tissue growth patterns among breeds were examined by regression estimates from the allometric growth equation (Y = axb) and compositional differences were estimated from the intercepts. No significant sire breed differences were found in the regression of muscle, fat or bone on various size dimensions. In regressions involving fat, however, the fattest (HER) had higher regressions and the leanest (BDA) fattened more slowly relative to muscle and bone growth. Breeds differed significantly in amount of muscle, fat and bone when compared at standard weights.Sire breed ranking for muscle at common bone weights was LIM, BDA, CHA, SIM, HER, ROM, DRK and CHI, while at common carcass weights the ranking was BDA, CHA, LIM, CHI, ROM, SIM, DRK and HER, reflecting differences in fatness. Minor changes in ranking occurred when comparisons were made at a common live weight reflecting differences in dressing percentage. For fat at standard muscle, carcass or live weight the breeds ranked HER, LIM, DRK, SIM, ROM, CHA, CHI and BDA.

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