THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF (2-CHLOROETHYL) TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE ON BARLEY

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Larter ◽  
M. Samii ◽  
F. W. Sosulski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Moisture Regimes

A study was made of the effects of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) applied to the varieties Parkland and Hannchen barley grown under controlled environmental conditions and predetermined soil moisture regimes. When applied to seedlings as either a soil drench or as a foliar spray, CCC retarded internode elongation thereby significantly reducing the height of plants as measured at maturity. A varietal difference in the response to a given treatment was evident with Parkland being more sensitive than Hannchen. Moreover, measured in terms of growth responses, application of CCC as a soil drench was more effective than as a foliar spray.Treatments in the range of 10−1–10−4 M significantly increased tiller number and seed yield on plants grown under a high moisture regime (daily watering). Under restricted soil moistures, however, neither grain yield nor plant weights (tops) were affected by CCC treatment. Treated plants grown under soil moisture stress used less water per unit weight of dry matter than did untreated plants.

Soybean (Glycine max) Response to AC 263,222 and Chlorimuron as Influenced by Soil Moisture

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Newsom ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Field experiments conducted in 1992 and 1993 evaluated differential response of 20 soybean cultivars to POST application of AC 263,222 or chlorimuron, as influenced by soil moisture. Natural rainfall was supplemented with overhead sprinkler irrigation to achieve three moisture regimes: excessive (12.5 cm/wk), optimum (5 cm/wk), and low (non-irrigated). Chlorimuron and AC 263,222 injured soybean. Excessive moisture did not increase soybean injury with chlorimuron for any of the cultivars tested compared to optimum moisture; however, 17 of 20 cultivars were injured more by AC 263,222 in combination with excessive moisture than optimum moisture. AC 263,222 reduced the height of five cultivars. Photosynthetic rate of several cultivars was reduced by both AC 263,222 and chlorimuron. Neither herbicide affected the number of nodes per main stem or seed weight; however, pod numbers were reduced for several cultivars with both herbicides. In the low moisture regime, AC 263,222 delayed the maturity of 18 of 20 cultivars with ‘Hutcheson’ maturity delayed 7.1 d. Excessive moisture when combined with AC 263,222 reduced yields for 12 cultivars, compared to five cultivars with chlorimuron. Under optimum moisture conditions, AC 263,222 reduced the yield of 10 cultivars, whereas chlorimuron reduced the yield of 9 cultivars. Low moisture stress only resulted in a yield reduction with 3 cultivars treated with AC 263,222.

The effects of severity of defoliation and soil moisture stress on Desmodium intortum

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
BC Imrie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Significant Line ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Genetic Shift

The responses of five introductions and one cultivar of Desmodium intortum to two defoliation intensities under stress and non-stress soil moisture regimes were studied in a pot experiment. Both heavy defoliation and moisture stress reduced yield. Significant line X defoliation interactions occurred, including differences among the component lines of the cultivar Greenleaf. Evidence was found that genetic shift has occurred in Greenleaf in the direction of the lower yielding components which were more adversely affected by severe defoliation. The wisdom of releasing mixtures of 'pure' lines as commercial varieties of perennial pasture species is questioned.

scholarly journals Effect of different soil moisture regimes and salinity level on growth and yield in mustard

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagbir Singh ◽  
S. K. Varma ◽  
J. N. Bhatia ◽  
Lekh Raj
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Almost All

Soil moisture stress and salinity resulted reduction in almost all the growth, yield and yield attributes in mustard var. RH-30. Salinity behaved similarly to soil moisture stress and the magnitude of reduction increased with the increase in their level accordingly. Chloride type of toxicity was found to be more harmful than that of sulphate toxicity. The results obtained in the present study suggested that maintenance of wetter irrigation under salinity could go a long way in maximizing the crop production in mustard

scholarly journals Growth sensitivity to climate varies with soil moisture regime in spruce–fir forests in central British Columbia

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardy Griesbauer ◽  
S. Craig DeLong ◽  
Bruce Rogers ◽  
Vanessa Foord
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Summer Temperatures

Abstract Key message Growth sensitivity to climate varies with soil moisture regime in spruce–fir forests in central British Columbia. Stands growing at their dry edaphic limits displayed especially strong and unique climatic sensitivities. Abstract Soil moisture regime is an important influence of productivity, process, and structure in forested ecosystems. In western North America, projected warming trends may result in decreasing available soil moisture; however, the potential effects on forest growth remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the influence of stand-level soil moisture regime on the climatic sensitivity of mature hybrid white spruce (Picea glauca (Moensch) Voss x Picea engelmannii Parry) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) forests in central British Columbia, Canada. We collected and analyzed tree-ring data from 51 stands spanning a range of soil moisture regimes. Dendroecological analyses of climate–growth relationships indicated that warm summer temperatures and drought limit growth for both species across all soil moisture regimes; however, responses were strongest on the driest sites. Spruce populations across the gradient of soil moisture regimes displayed unique climate-growth relationships; growth in populations on wetter sites was more correlated with summer climate from the year prior to growth. Radial growth responses to prior summer temperatures strengthened over the past ca. 80 years in both species and across most sites, suggesting that climate–growth relationships are shifting in this region. This study presents evidence of the importance of considering site-level ecological factors such as soil moisture regime when studying forest growth responses to climate.

scholarly journals Improved understanding of drought controls on seasonal variation in Mediterranean forest canopy CO<sub>2</sub> and water fluxes through combined in situ measurements and ecosystem modelling

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1423-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Keenan ◽  
R. García ◽  
A. D. Friend ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
C. Gracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Forest Growth Model

Abstract. Water stress is a defining characteristic of Mediterranean ecosystems, and is likely to become more severe in the coming decades. Simulation models are key tools for making predictions, but our current understanding of how soil moisture controls ecosystem functioning is not sufficient to adequately constrain parameterisations. Canopy-scale flux data from four forest ecosystems with Mediterranean-type climates were used in order to analyse the physiological controls on carbon and water flues through the year. Significant non-stomatal limitations on photosynthesis were detected, along with lesser changes in the conductance-assimilation relationship. New model parameterisations were derived and implemented in two contrasting modelling approaches. The effectiveness of two models, one a dynamic global vegetation model ("ORCHIDEE"), and the other a forest growth model particularly developed for Mediterranean simulations ("GOTILWA+"), was assessed and modelled canopy responses to seasonal changes in soil moisture were analysed in comparison with in situ flux measurements. In contrast to commonly held assumptions, we find that changing the ratio of conductance to assimilation under natural, seasonally-developing, soil moisture stress is not sufficient to reproduce forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes. However, accurate predictions of both CO2 and water fluxes under all soil moisture levels encountered in the field are obtained if photosynthetic capacity is assumed to vary with soil moisture. This new parameterisation has important consequences for simulated responses of carbon and water fluxes to seasonal soil moisture stress, and should greatly improve our ability to anticipate future impacts of climate changes on the functioning of ecosystems in Mediterranean-type climates.

scholarly journals Erratum: Effect of soil moisture stress from flowering to grain maturity on functional properties of Sri Lankan rice flour

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 392-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Gunaratne ◽  
Upul Kumari Ratnayaka ◽  
Nihal Sirisena ◽  
Jennet Ratnayaka ◽  
Xiangli Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress

scholarly journals Soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1465-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Meena Sewhag
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Crop Geometry ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season 2011-2012 at Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agri-cultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) to study the periodic soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes under shallow water table conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications keeping combinations of three cultivars viz., BH 393, BH 902 and BH 885 and two crop geometries viz 2 rows per bed and 3 rows per bed (70 cm wide with 40 cm top and 30 cm furrow) in main plots and three moisture regimes (irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5) in sub plots. The results revealed that maximum soil moisture depletion (105 mm) and ground water contribution (62 mm) were recorded in BH 902, followed by BH 393 and BH 885. Among crop geometries, soil moisture depletion (96.6 mm) and ground water contribution (61 mm) were recorded higher in 3 rows per bed than 2 rows per bed. Among three moisture regimes, the soil moisture depletion (108 mm) and ground water contribution (65 mm) decreased with increase in moisture regime from irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3 to irrigation at IW/CPE 0.4 or 0.5.

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