DAMAGE TO FLUE-CURED TOBACCO BY THE NEEDLE NEMATODE LONGIDORUS ELONGATUS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. MARKS ◽  
J. M. ELLIOT
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
De Man ◽  
Longidorus Elongatus ◽  
Specific Control

The ectoparasitic nematode (Longidorus elongatus (de Man 1876) Thorne and Swanger 1936) was associated with severe stunting of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) at Delhi, Ontario in early June 1971. Foliar applications of the nematicide Vydate ((S-methylcarbamoyl)-N-[(methylcarbamoyl oxy)] thioformimidate) to the stunted plants reduced the number of L. elongatus in the soil around the roots but did not improve plant growth. A pot test in a greenhouse indicated that flue-cured tobacco, rye (Secale cereale L.), and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were poor hosts for the nematode whereas sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) were good hosts. Apparently, in the field the small numbers of L. elongatus that had been subsisting in the soil had multiplied to damaging levels on a crop of sorghum grown in the previous year. Because of the rare occurrence of Longidorus spp. in soils of the tobacco-growing areas of Ontario and the crop rotation and soil fumigation in use by most growers of flue-cured tobacco, it is unlikely that any specific control measures will be required to prevent damage to tobacco by L. elongatus.

HOST RANGE AND PERSISTENCE OF THIELAVIOPSIS BASICOLA IN TOBACCO SOIL

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. GAYED
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Cereal Plants

Thielaviopsis basicola was recovered from roots of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), black medick (Medicago lupulina L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.), and round-leaved mallow (Malva neglecta Wallr.) growing in highly to moderately infested tobacco fields. No infection was observed on the rotation crops of rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and corn (Zea mays L.), either in naturally infested fields or in soil artificially infested with T. basicola at a rate up to 50,000 endoconidia per g soil. In artificially infested soil, tobacco cultivar Hicks Broadleaf was less susceptible than cowpsa (Vigna sinensis Endl.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). T. basicola was recovered from decomposing residues of tobacco and cereal plants. Under humid conditions the fungus penetrated and sporulated on shoot fragments of these plants, cowpsa, and bean. The implications of these results on the possible build-up of T. basicola and increase of its virulence in tobacco fields over the years is discussed.

scholarly journals LOS ARABINOXILANOS FERULADOS DE CEREALES. UNA REVISIÓN DE SUS CARACTERÍSTICAS FISICOQUÍMICAS Y CAPACIDAD GELIFICANTE

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Morales-Ortega ◽  
Guillermo Niño-Medina ◽  
Elizabeth Carvajal-Millán ◽  
Alfonso Gardea-Béjar ◽  
Patricia Torres-Chávez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Los arabinoxilanos ferulados son los principales polisacáridos no amiláceos de los granos de cereales, que se localizan en las paredes celulares del endospermo, en la capa aleurona y en el pericarpio de los mismos. Estos polisacáridos se han reportado en los cereales más importantes, como trigo (Triticum aestivum L.), centeno (Secale cereale L. M. Bieb.), cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.), avena (A. sativa), arroz (Oryza sativa L.), sorgo (Sorghum vulgare), maíz (Zea mays L.) y mijo (Panicum miliaceum L.). Recientemente se han realizado esfuerzos enfocados a la extracción de arabinoxilanos ferulados a partir de subproductos de la industria procesadora de cereales, como de los pericarpios de maíz y de trigo, así como del “nejayote” que es el agua residual de la nixtamalización del maíz. Los arabinoxilanos ferulados forman soluciones viscosas y pueden formar geles bajo la acción de ciertos agentes oxidantes. Además, presentan características físico-químicas determinantes para su capacidad gelificante. Los geles de arabinoxilanos han despertado un gran interés debido a que presentan características interesantes como: olor y sabor neutro; estabilidad al pH, a los cambios de temperatura y de concentración de electrolitos; así como una estructura macroporosa. Estas características les confieren aplicación potencial como matrices para la liberación controlada de biomoléculas en aplicaciones alimentarias y no alimentarias, lo cual podría dar valor agregado a los cereales o subproductos de cereales de los cuales pueden ser extraídos estos polisacáridos. Esta revisión incluye los reportes más recientes sobre las características fisicoquímicas y la capacidad gelificante de arabinoxilanos ferulados, tema sobre el cual ha resurgido el interés en los últimos diez años. La generación de nuevo conocimiento sobre este polisacárido y sus geles podría sentar las bases para su aplicación en distintas áreas como la agroalimentaria, la biomédica y la cosmética, entre otras.

scholarly journals Highly-Efficient Release of Ferulic Acid from Agro-Industrial By-Products via Enzymatic Hydrolysis with Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes: Part I–The Superiority of Hydrolytic Enzymes Versus Conventional Hydrolysis

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Karina Juhnevica-Radenkova ◽  
Jorens Kviesis ◽  
Diego A. Moreno ◽  
Dalija Seglina ◽  
Fernando Vallejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

Historically Triticum aestívum L. and Secale cereále L. are widely used in the production of bakery products. From the total volume of grain cultivated, roughly 85% is used for the manufacturing of flour, while the remaining part is discarded or utilized rather inefficiently. The limited value attached to bran is associated with their structural complexity, i.e., the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which makes this material suitable mostly as a feed supplement, while in food production its use presents a challenge. To valorize these materials to food and pharmaceutical applications, additional pre-treatment is required. In the present study, an effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly approach to ferulic acid (FA) production was demonstrated through the biorefining process accomplished by non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes. Up to 11.3 and 8.6 g kg−1 of FA was released from rye and wheat bran upon 24 h enzymatic hydrolysis with multi-enzyme complex Viscozyme® L, respectively.

Sugar and Soluble Solids Changes in Refrigerated Sweet Corn (Zea mays L)

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ZHU ◽  
J. R. MOUNT ◽  
J. L. COLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Soluble Solids

scholarly journals Sistemas de cultivo e características do solo afetando a estabilidade de agregados

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Silva ◽  
J. Mielniczuk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum

Em um Latossolo Roxo de Santo Ângelo (RS), e em um Podzólico Vermelho-Escuro de Eldorado do Sul (RS), ambos com textura argilosa, submetidos o primeiro à exploração com cultivo convencional de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) e soja (Glycine max L.) e sob setária (Setaria anceps L.), e o segundo à exploração com capim-pangola (Digitaria decumbens L.), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum L.), plantio direto com aveia (Avena bizantina L.)/milho (Zea mays L.) e área sem vegetação, foi realizado o presente trabalho durante a safra de verão (1990/1991), com o objetivo de avaliar a estabilidade e a agregação do solo sob diferentes sistemas de cultivo. Constatou-se, nessa avaliação, que as gramíneas perenes por meio do seu sistema radicular tiveram grande efeito na agregação e estabilidade dos agregados do solo e que os teores de carbono orgânico, de ferro e alumínio-oxalato, argila e grau de dispersão tiveram também efeitos na agregação do solo, porém insuficientes para explicar as variações entre o diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados sob os diferentes sistemas de cultivo.

scholarly journals Comparative Population Growth of the Psocid Liposcelis yunnaniensis (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) on Different Diets

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S4590 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Hassan ◽  
W. Dou ◽  
H.B. Jiang ◽  
J.J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Hulled Barley ◽  
Comparative Population

In this study, we investigated the population growth of the Liposcelis yunnaniensis (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) feeding on ten different diets. Out of the ten diets, eight were made of plain cereals namely wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), corn ( Zea mays L.), barley ( Hordeum vulgar L.), oats ( Avena sativa L.), rice ( Oryza sative L.), and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolour L.) while two were the artificial diets named Nayak wheat diet and Universal diet. The population growth was recorded as corn > wheat > universal diet > hulled barley > rice (hulls intact) > barley (hulls intact) > sorghum > Nayak wheat diet > oats > hulled rice. After 32 d culture, the initial 5 psocids developed to the populations as 41.8 ± 4.26, 41.5 ± 4.09 and 39.1 ± 7.64 on corn, wheat and universal diet, respectively. Meanwhile, psocids feeding on Nayak wheat diet, oats and hulled rice had significantly lower populations with 25.6 ± 2.42, 22.5 ± 3.09 and 13.6 ± 2.36 respectively. Rice and barley were included in the diets with and without hulls to see their effect on population growth. In case of barley, hulls had no significant effect on population growth while rice with hulls had significantly higher populations than rice alone. This study has confirmed the relative level of suitability of different cereals for this species when damaged. We have described a method to get the uniform age adults that can be helpful in research experiments.

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