COMBINED EFFECTS OF SOIL-INCORPORATED AND FOLIAR-APPLIED INSECTICIDES IN BED-SYSTEM PRODUCTION OF BRASSICA CROPS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. FINLAYSON
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Percentage Parasitism ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

In a 4-yr study (1974–1977), combinations of selected soil-incorporated insecticides (carbofuran, chlorfenvinphos, disulfoton, fensulfothion, terbufos and isofenphos) and foliar-applied insecticides (Dipel®, methomyl, ethiofencarb/Thuricide®, methamidophos and permethrin) were studied to determine their effects on occurrence of cabbage maggot (Hylemya brassicae [Bouché]) and its parasites, and of various leaf-feeding lepidopterous larvae and aphids during bed-system production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck), Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Zenker), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). Several soil-incorporated insecticides reduced the numbers of emergent seedlings. Plants treated with carbofuran and chlorfenvinphos had least maggot damage in their roots. Disulfoton was ineffective. The best aphicide was ethiofencarb closely followed by methamidophos. Permethrin was ineffective as an aphicide but very effective against lepidopterous larvae. Numbers of overwintering puparia of H. brassicae were greatest from untreated plants and least from plants treated with chlorfenvinphos. Percentage parasitism by the staphylinid beetle Aleochara bilineata Gyll. averaged 32% in puparia from untreated plots, but only 5.5% in those from treated plots.

Notes on the Stages and the Biology of Baryodma ontarionis Casey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), a Parasite of the Cabbage Maggot, Hylemya brassicae Bouché (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Colhoun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
European Species ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

During investigations on the natural enemies of root maggots attacking Cruciferae, the beetle Baryodma ontarionis Casey was reared from puparia of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché). This was not unexpected, for Gibson and Treherne (1916) had reported a similar occurrence; the staphylinid beetles reared at that time were identified by Casey (1916), who decided that they belonged to the verna group of Baryodma and assigned the name Baryodma ontarionis. Casey (loc. cit.) considered the species rather common and stated that it did not seem to resemble any European species; but Mr. W. J. Brown (in litt.), Systematic Entomology, Division of Entomology, Ottawa, who identified the beetles collected in 1950, is of the opinion that B. ontarionis is synonymous with Aleochara bilineata Gyll., tvhich attaclrs the cabbage maggot in Europe. Wadsworth (1915) dealt with the biology of A. bilineata, giving detailed descriptions of the immature stages. A study of the biology of B. ontarionis was carried out at the Belleville laboratory as part of n program of parasite introduction with the purpose in view of using the information to evaluate the beetle as a factor in the control of root maggots that are severe pests of cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, and radish.

ECOLOGY OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), IN RUTABAGA IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON OTHER ROOT MAGGOTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S.S. Nair ◽  
F. L. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Strongwellsea Castrans ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), had three generations per year from 1970 to 1973 inclusive, a partial fourth was noted in most years. A small proportion of first generation pupae entered aestivation in 1971.Thermal units required for fly emergence from overwintered pupae fell within a narrow range (174 to 199), but there was little correlation between thermal units and fly emergence in subsequent generations. Lack of adequate moisture delayed establishment of larvae in roots in some generations. Lack of adequate soil moisture delayed establishment of larvae in roots in some generations, and this appeared to be the chief reason for the lack of correlation between thermal units and fly peaks.Throughout this investigation the over-all population remained remarkably constant. Parasitism by a staphylinid, Aleochara bilineata Gyll., and a fungus, Strongwellsea castrans Batko and Weiser, and soil moisture were the most important biological and climatic factors affecting survival. Parasitism of the adult by a nematode, Heterotylenchus sp., was recorded for the first time.Although large numbers of seed maggot adults, Hylemya florilega (Zett.) and H. platura (Meig.), were recorded, few infested rutabaga. Other species trapped included Euxesta notata (Weid.) and Muscina spp.

Notes on the Life History of Aleochara bilineata (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and on Its Potential Value as a Control Agent for the Cabbage Maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Aleochara Bilineata ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

The rove beetle, Aleochara bilineata Gyll., is known as a predator and a parasite of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), in most areas where the latter is an economic pest of cruciferous crops (Wishart, 1957; Wishart et al., 1956, 1957; Hughes, 1959). However, although A. bilineata is an extremely prolific insect (Colhoun, 1953; Wishart et al., 1956), in that the adult beetles destroy root maggot eggs and larvae and the parasite larvae destroy root magpt pupae, little has been reported concerning the economic value of the predator-parasite as a natural control agent. Preliminary studies in Prince Edward Island indicated that the predator destroved large numbers of root maggots but it did not appear to sive economic control (Read, 1960). Details of the biology of this predator have been presented by Colhoun (1953). This is a report of studies conducted to determine the potential value of A. bilineata as a natural control agent, and includes observations on the comparative life histories of host and parasite and notes on predation and parasitism in the greenhouse and on parasitism in the field.

INTERACTIONS OF SEVERAL INSECTICIDES AND A CARABID PREDATOR (BEMBIDION LAMPROS (HRBST.)) AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (BOUCHÉ)

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. OBADOFIN ◽  
D. G. FINLAYSON
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Egg Predator ◽  
Bembidion Lampros ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot ◽  
Experimental Plots

Bembidion lampros (Hrbst.) is an important egg predator of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), but populations may be seriously reduced by application of broad spectrum insecticides for the control of other pests. The efficiency of B. lampros as a predator of H. brassicae eggs and the effects of three insecticides on the beetle were determined in experimental plots of Brussels sprouts. In untreated plots, B. lampros ate 45% of the H. brassicae eggs. In plots treated with methomyl, Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel), and chlorfenvinphos, egg numbers were reduced 35, 44 and 66%, respectively. One subsurface application of chlorfenvinphos granules, early in the season, prevented damage by the cabbage maggot and was not toxic to the beetle. Foliar applications of methomyl significantly reduced the number of B. lampros. In laboratory tests with methomyl at 0.1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.0125%, the mortality of B. lampros was 100, 70, 40 and 0%, respectively. Dipel sprays at 0.1 or 0.5% and chlorfenvinphos in the soil at 10 or 40 ppm caused only slight mortality.

SPATIAL PATTERN OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF HYLEMYA BRASSICAE ON CABBAGE

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Mukerji ◽  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Binomial Series ◽  
Binomial Parameter ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

AbstractCounts of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), on cabbage did not conform to the Poisson distribution, there being an excess of uninfested and highly infested plants over the expected number. But when the negative binomial series was fitted to the observed distribution, the discrepancies were not significant when tested by chi-square. The negative binomial parameter k tended to increase with density. Using a common k, the distribution of the various stages may be described by expansion of (q − p)−k, when values of k are as follows: egg 0.78, larva 0.71, pupa 0.84. Three different transformations are offered for stabilizing the variance of field counts.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Uptake by Table Beet—Validation of a Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Feller ◽  
Matthias Fink
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Total N ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities

To reduce nitrogen (N) losses from vegetable fields, fertilizer recommendations should be adjusted according to the large range in yield and thus in N uptake of vegetable crops. Therefore, a model was used to predict total N uptake based on expected yield. The model has been validated successfully in a series of studies for Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera), white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes). The objective of this study was to validate the model for table beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva), a crop with a considerable variability in N uptake, which is caused by a large potential range of selecting sowing dates, plant densities and cultivars. Field experiments were carried out over two years. Fifty-five combinations of N fertilizer levels, plant densities, cultivars and sowing dates were tested. Plants were sampled at 2- or 3-week intervals, and fresh matter, dry matter and N content of leaves and roots were measured. Crop specific model parameters for table beets were determined from independent data. The model wverestimated N uptake for N-limiting conditions, but for optimally fertilized table beets measured and estimated N uptake showed a close correlation (R2 = 0.93) when total yield was used as an input parameter for the model. Although the error of estimation (35 kg·ha-1) was considerable, studies with other vegetable crops using the model found the error even higher if other tools, such as look-up tables, were used for predicting N uptake.

DIAPAUSE IN THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 890-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. R. McLeod ◽  
G. R. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

AbstractThe cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae, has a facultative diapause induced by the appropriate conditions of light and temperature: 16 hours of light per 24 hours at 20 °C produce nondiapause pupae while 12 hours of light per 24 hours at 20 °C produce diapause pupae. Diapause can be terminated if the pupae are exposed to temperatures from 0 to 5 °C for 4–5 months. Discrepancies in the literature with regard to the foregoing facts are explained.

Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts)

2019 ◽  
pp. 310-310
Author(s):  
K. Subramanya Sastry ◽  
Bikash Mandal ◽  
John Hammond ◽  
S. W. Scott ◽  
R. W. Briddon
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brussels Sprouts
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