scholarly journals Nitrogen Uptake by Table Beet—Validation of a Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Feller ◽  
Matthias Fink
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Total N ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities

To reduce nitrogen (N) losses from vegetable fields, fertilizer recommendations should be adjusted according to the large range in yield and thus in N uptake of vegetable crops. Therefore, a model was used to predict total N uptake based on expected yield. The model has been validated successfully in a series of studies for Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera), white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes). The objective of this study was to validate the model for table beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva), a crop with a considerable variability in N uptake, which is caused by a large potential range of selecting sowing dates, plant densities and cultivars. Field experiments were carried out over two years. Fifty-five combinations of N fertilizer levels, plant densities, cultivars and sowing dates were tested. Plants were sampled at 2- or 3-week intervals, and fresh matter, dry matter and N content of leaves and roots were measured. Crop specific model parameters for table beets were determined from independent data. The model wverestimated N uptake for N-limiting conditions, but for optimally fertilized table beets measured and estimated N uptake showed a close correlation (R2 = 0.93) when total yield was used as an input parameter for the model. Although the error of estimation (35 kg·ha-1) was considerable, studies with other vegetable crops using the model found the error even higher if other tools, such as look-up tables, were used for predicting N uptake.

scholarly journals VARIETAL FEATURES OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS ACCORDING TO THE ADAPTED TECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATION IN OPEN GROUND

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Serhii Vdovenko ◽  
Oleksandra Ivanovych ◽  
Pavel Shvydkyi ◽  
Oleg Zatolochny
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Independent Species

Vegetable growing is one of the most important and, at the same time, the most complex plant growing branches of agriculture in Ukraine. Firstly, this is due to the value and irreplaceability of vegetable products for human nutrition, which determines the spread of vegetable crops in all regions of the country and the allocation of large areas of agricultural land for their cultivation. On the other hand, a feature of the industry is low transportability and high labor intensity of vegetable production, a large set of cultivated vegetable crops and the mechanization of individual production processes of their cultivation, in particular harvesting, is complicated. Therefore, it is very important to expand better than the cultivation of new vegetable crops, the cultivation areas of which are currently relatively small. One of these crops is Brussels sprouts, which is characterized by excellent nutritional and medicinal properties, but whose cultivation areas are insignificant, due to insufficient study of the characteristics of crop cultivation. Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. Gemmifera) - vegetable crop. Traditionally regarded as a variety of the species Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) of the genus Cabbage (Brassica) of the Cabbage family (Brassicaceae), some modern sources do not consider Brussels sprouts as an independent species, but consider it a group of varieties of the species Brassica oleracea L., with this approach, the correct name of this group considered Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group. Keywords: brussels sprouts, variety studies, hybrid, vegetable growing, seed, growing season, shoots.

scholarly journals Nutritive and photosynthetic ecology of subsurface chlorophyll maxima in Canadian Arctic waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 5353-5371 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martin ◽  
J. É. Tremblay ◽  
N. M. Price
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Assimilation

Abstract. Assessments of carbon and nitrogen (N) assimilation in Canadian Arctic waters confirmed the large contribution of subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) to total water-column production from spring to late fall. Although SCM communities showed acclimation to low irradiance and greater nitrate (NO3−) availability, their productivity was generally constrained by light and temperature. During spring–early summer, most of the primary production at the SCM was sustained by NO3−, with an average f-ratio (i.e., relative contribution of NO3− uptake to total N uptake) of 0.74 ± 0.26. The seasonal decrease in NO3− availability and irradiance, coupled to the build up of ammonium (NH4+), favoured a transition toward a predominantly regenerative system (f-ratio = 0.37 ± 0.20) during late summer and fall. Results emphasize the need to adequately consider SCM when estimating primary production and to revisit ecosystem model parameters in highly stratified Arctic waters.

EFFECTS OF ADDED NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM ON LEAF TISSUE BORON CONCENTRATION OF THREE VEGETABLE CROPS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. CUTCLIFFE ◽  
UMESH C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The effects of various rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the boron concentration of leaf tissue of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. ’Snowball Y’), Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Zenker ’Jade Cross’) and peas (Pisum sativum L. ’Dark Skin Perfection’) were investigated at several locations in Prince Edward Island. Except for N on cauliflower, B concentrations of leaf tissues of these crops were not greatly affected by the N, P, or K treatments. Applied N increased the B concentration of cauliflower leaf tissue at eight of the nine locations investigated.

The use of measurements of soil mineral N in understanding the response of crops to fertilizer nitrogen in intensive cropping rotations

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. RAHN ◽  
C. D. PATERSON ◽  
L. V. VAIDYANATHAN
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen

The effects on succeeding crops of nitrogen in residues returned to the soil of brassica vegetable crops (Brassica oleracea) were studied on a nitrogen-retentive silt loam soil at Horticulture Research International, Kirton, Lincolnshire, UK. A sequence of four crops was started in 1988 and again in 1989. In the first sequence, two successive cauliflower crops (Brassica oleracea cv. botrytis L.), crops 1 and 2 in the first year, were followed by Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea cv. Gemmifera D.C.), crop 3, in the second and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare), crop 4, in the third year. The second sequence, started in spring 1989, was on an area adjacent to the first, but with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) as crop 4. The sites followed an unfertilized, 1-year grass ley (1987) or spring barley (1988) with 73 and 107 kg N/ha soil mineral nitrogen (SMN, NH4+NO3) in the 0–90 cm soil profile at the start of each sequence. The marketable yield of the first cauliflowers in both sequences increased with fertilizer nitrogen up to 240 or 300 kg/ha. The response of the second cauliflower crop to fresh N declined with increasing amounts of SMN (0–90 cm) at planting, with no response when SMN exceeded c. 270 kg N/ha. Crop 3 apparently responded to fresh N in sequence 1 but not in sequence 2 even though SMN at planting ranged up to c. 400 kg N/ha. This difference in response was largely explained by the amount and distribution of SMN in the 0–30 and 30–60 cm layers when the sprouts were planted. Soil mineral N to 90 cm when the cereals were sown was only c. 100 kg N/ha, which did not reflect the large amounts of N applied to the previous crops. In spite of this, barley yield without any fresh fertilizer N did vary with the amounts of N applied to the previous crops. The results showed that SMN was a useful predictor of fertilizer response in some, but not all, situations. To use SMN more generally requires interpretation using dynamic simulation models.

scholarly journals Nutritive and photosynthetic ecology of subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the Canadian Arctic waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 6445-6488 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martin ◽  
J.-É. Tremblay ◽  
N. M. Price
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Total N ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
System F

Abstract. Assessments of carbon and nitrogen (N) assimilation in Canadian Arctic waters confirmed the large contribution of subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) to total water-column production from spring to late fall. Although SCM communities showed acclimation to low irradiance and greater nitrate (NO3−) availability, their productivity was generally limited by light and temperature. During spring-early summer, most of the primary production at the SCM was sustained by NO3−, with a f-ratio (i.e. relative contribution of NO3− uptake to total N uptake) of 0.74 ± 0.26 on average. The seasonal decrease in NO3− availability and irradiance, coupled to the build up of ammonium (NH4+), favoured a transition toward a predominantly regenerative system (f-ratio = 0.37 ± 0.20). Results emphasize the need to include SCM in remote-sensing algorithms and to revisit ecosystem model parameters in highly stratified environments such as the Canadian Arctic waters.

Effect of sowing dates, mulching and seed rates on nutrient uptake and productivity of soybean in sub - humid Punjab, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sikka ◽  
J. S. Deol ◽  
Jagmohan Kaur ◽  
D. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Available N ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Sowing Dates

A field experiment was conducted for three years to study the effect of sowing dates, mulching and seed rates on nutrient uptake and productivity of soybean under irrigated conditions in sub-humid Punjab on a silty clay loam soil which was low in available N, medium in available P and available K. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with the combination of three sowing dates and mulch in main plots and three seed rates in sub-plots with three replications on fixed site. The results revealed that sowing on June 30 and mulching recorded the highest number of pods plant-1.There was no significant influence of seed rates on yield attributes. Seed yield also remained at par under different sowing dates, mulching and seed rate treatments. Stover yield however, was significantly higher under the earlier sowing dates and mulching. Highest total N uptake was observed under June 30 sowing date whereas total P and K uptake was highest in May 20 sowing date. No significant effect of mulching was observed on total N and K uptake. Among seed rates maximum total N uptake was observed under 75 kg seed ha-1. The results suggest that soybean performed better when sown with 60 kg seed rate ha-1 on June 30 and mulched with wheat straw.

scholarly journals Produção e teor de nitrato em rúcula sob adubação orgânica com cama de frango e esterco bovino

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Adilson Pelá ◽  
Geovani Soares da Silva Júnior ◽  
Renan Cesar Dias da Silva ◽  
Camila Santos Silva ◽  
Gláucia De Mello Pelá
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Total N ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Abundant Element

<p class="Padro">O nitrogênio é um dos nutrientes mais exigidos pelas plantas. Também é normalmente encontrado em grandes quantidades nos adubos orgânicos. Se absorvido em excesso, pode se acumular no vacúolo das células das plantas como nitrato, e levar à metamioglobina tóxica e à formação de nitrosaminas. Este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a adubação com cama de frango e esterco bovino de curral na produtividade, teores de N total e nítrico na parte aérea da cultura da rúcula. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x5, com quatro repetições. Foram testados dois adubos orgânicos (cama de frango e esterco bovino), e cinco doses (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 t ha<sup>-1</sup>). O experimento foi implantado em condições de campo, em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico. A parcela experimental foi constituída por quatro linhas, espaçadas de 0,25 m, e com 1 m de comprimento. Aos 40 dias após o transplante das mudas, foram avaliados a altura de plantas (usando-se uma régua, a partir do nível do solo até a extremidade das folhas mais altas), número de folhas por planta (folhas maiores que cinco centímetros de comprimento, partindo-se das folhas basais até a última folha aberta). A maior massa fresca de plantas foi obtida com 24,14 t ha<sup>-1</sup> de esterco bovino, enquanto que com cama de frango a produtividade aumentou até 40 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. Os teores de N- NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-<strong> </strong></sup> aumentaram linearmente com as doses de esterco bovino de curral, mas não ultrapassaram os limites toleráveis com ambas as fontes.</p><p align="center"> <strong><em>P</em></strong><strong><em>roduction and </em></strong><strong><em>nitrate content of rocket fertilized with poltry litter or cattle manure</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Plants needs high amount of nitrogen. It is also an abundant element in organic fertilizers. If absorbed in excess can accumulate in the vacuole of the cells of the plants as nitrate. Excessive intake of nitrate for human or animal can result in the formation of toxic metmyoglobin and nitrosamines. This study aimed to evaluate the fertilization with poultry litter and cattle manure on productivity, and total nitric N content in rocket culture. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2x5 factorial, with four replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of two organic fertilizers (cattle mannure and  poltry litter) and five doses (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha<sup>-1</sup>). The experiment was carried out in field conditions, in a Oxisol dystrophic. The experimental plot consisted of four rows, spaced 0.25 m, and 1 m in length. 40 days after transplanting the seedlings were evaluated the plant height, number of leaves per plant, total N uptake and nitrate (N-NO3) in the rocket leaves. The highest value of fresh matter plants was obtained with 24.14 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of manure, whereas with poultry litter productivity increased up to 40 t ha-1. The N-NO3 content increased linearly with cattle manure doses, but did not exceed the tolerable limits with both sources.</p>

NLEAP Computer Model and Multiple Linear Regression Prediction of Nitrate Leaching in Vegetable Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson Minshew ◽  
John Selker ◽  
Delbert Hemphill ◽  
Richard P. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop N Uptake ◽  
Mlr Model

Predicting leaching of residual soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in wet climates is important for reducing risks of groundwater contamination and conserving soil N. The goal of this research was to determine the potential to use easily measurable or readily available soilclimatic-plant data that could be put into simple computer models and used to predict NO3 leaching under various management systems. Two computer programs were compared for their potential to predict monthly NO3-N leaching losses in western Oregon vegetable systems with or without cover crops. The models were a statistical multiple linear regression (MLR) model and the commercially available Nitrate Leaching and Economical Analysis Package model (NLEAP 1.13). The best MLR model found using stepwise regression to predict annual leachate NO3-N had four independent variables (log transformed fall soil NO3-N, leachate volume, summer crop N uptake, and N fertilizer rate) (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.57). Comparisons were made between NLEAP and field data for mass of NO3-N leached between the months of September and May from 1992 to 1997. Predictions with NLEAP showed greater correlation to observed data during high-rainfall years compared to dry or averagerainfall years. The model was found to be sensitive to yield estimates, but vegetation management choices were limiting for vegetable crops and for systems that included a cover crop.

scholarly journals Biochar and urease inhibitor mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions and improve wheat yield in a urea fertilized alkaline soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
M. M. R. Jahangir ◽  
Iqbal Munir ◽  
Syed Sartaj Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Assimilation

AbstractIn this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha−1), BC (10 Mg ha−1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L ton−1)], which were all repeated four times and were carried out in a randomized complete block design. Urea supplementation along with BC and BC + UI reduced soil NH3 emissions by 27% and 69%, respectively, compared to sole urea application. Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertilized plots were also reduced by 24% and 53% applying BC and BC + UI, respectively, compared to urea alone. Application of BC with urea improved the grain yield, shoot biomass, and total N uptake of wheat by 13%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, compared to urea alone. Moreover, UI further promoted biomass and grain yield, and N assimilation in wheat by 38%, 22% and 27%, respectively, over sole urea application. In conclusion, application of BC and/or UI can mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions from urea fertilized soil, improve N use efficiency (NUE) and overall crop productivity.

scholarly journals Combined application of biochar with fertilizer promotes nitrogen uptake in maize by increasing nitrogen retention in soil

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Peng ◽  
Xiaori Han ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Entire Experiment

AbstractCombined application of biochar with fertilizers has been used to increase soil fertility and crop yield. However, the coupling mechanisms through which biochar improves crop yield at field scale and the time span over which biochar affects carbon and nitrogen transformation and crop yield are still little known. In this study, a long-term field trial (2013–2019) was performed in brown soil planting maize. Six treatments were designed: CK—control; NPK—application of chemical fertilizers; C1PK—low biochar without nitrogen fertilizer; C1NPK, C2NPK and C3NPK—biochar at 1.5, 3 and 6 t ha−1, respectively, combined with chemical fertilizers. Results showed that the δ15N value in the topsoil of 0–20 cm layer in the C3NPK treatment reached a peak of 291 ‰ at the third year (2018), and demonstrated a peak of 402 ‰ in the NPK treatment in the initial isotope trial in 2016. Synchronously, SOC was not affected until the third to fourth year after biochar addition, and resulted in a significant increase in total N of 2.4 kg N ha−1 in 2019 in C3NPK treatment. During the entire experiment, the 15N recovery rates of 74–80% were observed highest in the C2NPK and C3NPK treatments, resulting in an annual increase in yields significantly. The lowest subsoil δ15N values ranged from 66‰ to 107‰, and the 15N residual rate would take 70 years for a complete decay to 0.001% in the C3NPK. Our findings suggest that biochar compound fertilizers can increase C stability and N retention in soil and improve N uptake by maize, while the loss of N was minimized. Biochars, therefore, may have an important potential for improving the agroecosystem and ecological balance. Graphic abstract

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