SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, MOISTURE, AND TEMPERATURE: EFFECT ON WILD OATS CONTROL WITH TRIFLURALIN

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. MOYER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Dose Recommendations ◽  
Dose Levels

The effect of soil organic matter (OM), clay content, temperature, and soil moisture on dose levels of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) required for 90% control of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was assessed in growth chamber experiments. In the first experiment, where soil moisture was constant, variation in soil OM accounted for 94% of the variability in trifluralin dose rates required for 90% reduction in fresh weight of wild oats (GR90) whereas clay content and temperature had no significant effect. In a second experiment, where temperature was constant, required dose rates were slightly higher at low and high moisture levels than at intermediate levels. Variation in OM explained 80% of the variability in GR90 while the inclusion of moisture and (moisture)2 terms in the multiple regression analysis explained an additional 7% of the variability. The results indicate that trifluralin efficacy was primarily related to OM content and that current recommendations for trifluralin could be improved if based on this parameter. An even more accurate trifluralin dose could be predicted from OM content and soil moisture content but the improvement in efficacy would be slight. Soil OM content determined the amount of trifluralin, dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine), and fluchloralin [N(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline] adsorbed to soil. This suggests that dose recommendations and efficacy of dinitramine and fluchloralin could be predicted from OM content.

Multi-algorithm comparison to predict soil organic matter and soil moisture content from cell phone images

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 385 ◽  
pp. 114863
Author(s):  
Perry Taneja ◽  
Hitesh Kumar Vasava ◽  
Prasad Daggupati ◽  
Asim Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Algorithm Comparison

Dependence of soil respiration on soil moisture, clay content, soil organic matter, and CO2 uptake in dry grasslands

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balogh ◽  
K. Pintér ◽  
Sz. Fóti ◽  
D. Cserhalmi ◽  
M. Papp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Dry Grasslands

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KETERSEDIAAN AIR TANAH DAN SIFAT-SIFAT DASAR FISIKA TANAH

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Enny Dwi Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Wilting Point

This research was conducted to study relationship between soil moisture content and soil physical characteristics that affected the moisture.The soil samples were collected from 22 scattered sites of West Java and Central Java. Analysis of soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and soil moisture retention) and soil chemical property (organic matter) was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Analysis of simple linier regression was applied to know the correlation between soil moisture content and other basic soil physical properties.Availability of soil moisture (pF 4.20 – pF 2.54) significantly correlated with organic matter, total porosity, and micro pores. The higher organic matter content as well as total porosity and micro pores the higher available soil moisture. Soil moisture of field capacity significantly correlated with clay content, sand content, micro and macro pores. The higher clay content and micro pores the higher soil moisture of field capacity. In the contrary, the higher macro pores and sand content the lower the field capacity. Soil moisture of wilting point significantly correlated with clay content and macro pores. The higher clay content the higher the wilting point, while the higher macro pores the lower soil moisture of wilting point. Keywords : Available soil water, field capacity, organic matter, soil pores, wilting point

scholarly journals Respirasi Tanah Akibat Sistem Olah Tanah dan Aplikasi Mulsa In Situ pada Pertanaman Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) di Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu, Universitas Lampung

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Yuves Menti ◽  
Sri Yusnaini ◽  
Henrie Buchari ◽  
Ainin Niswati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Soil respiration is an indicator of the activity of microorganisms in the soil. The treatment of soil tillage system and the use of organic mulch given to the soil will affect the activity of soil microorganisms. The research aims to study the effect of soil tillage systems, application of in situ mulch, and the interaction between both in soil respiration. This research was conducted from April to July 2017 at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) factorially prepared with two treatment factors. The first factor is the soil tillage system (T), which consists of minimum tillage (T0) and conventional tillage (T1). The second factor is the treatment of mulch (M), which consists of no mulch (M0) and the application of in-situ mulch 5 t. ha-1 (M1). The data obtained were tested for various homogeneity by the Bartlett test and additivity by the Tukey test. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with LSD test at a 5% level. The relationship between soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil organic matter, and soil pH with soil respiration was tested by correlation test. The results showed that the soil tillage system and application of in-situ mulch had no significant effect on soil respiration, and there was no interaction between the soil tillage system and application of in-situ mulch in soil respiration on observations before tillage, 1 day after planting (HST), 41 HST, and 88 HST. There is no correlation between soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil organic matter, and soil pH with soil respiration on pre-tillage observations, 1 HST, 41 HST, and 88 HST.

Soil Type, Soil Moisture, and Field Slope Influence the Horizontal Movement of Salmonella enterica and Citrobacter freundii from Floodwater through Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY THERESA CALLAHAN ◽  
SHIRLEY A. MICALLEF ◽  
ROBERT L. BUCHANAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Initial Soil Moisture ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Rate Of Decline

ABSTRACT Pathogens in soil are readily mobilized by infiltrating water to travel downward through the soil. However, limited data are available on the horizontal movement of pathogens across a field. This study used a model system to evaluate the influence of soil type, initial soil moisture content, and field slope on the movement of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport across a horizontal plane of soil under flooding conditions. Three soil types of varying clay content were moistened to 40, 60, or 80% of their maximum water-holding capacities and flooded with water containing 6 log CFU/ml Salmonella Newport and Citrobacter freundii, the latter being evaluated as a potential surrogate for S. enterica in future field trials. A two-phase linear regression was used to analyze the microbial populations recovered from soil with increasing distance from the flood. This model reflected the presence of lag distances followed by a quantifiable linear decrease in the population of bacteria as a function of the distance from the site of flooding. The magnitude of the lag distance was significantly affected by the soil type, but this was not attributable to the soil clay content. The rate of the linear decline with distance from the flood zone was affected by soil type, initial soil moisture content, and soil incline. As the initial soil moisture content increased, the rate of decline in recovery decreased, indicating greater bacterial transport through soils. When flooding was simulated at the bottom of the soil incline, the rate of decline in recovery was much greater than when flooding was simulated at the top of the incline. There was no significant difference in recovery between Salmonella Newport and C. freundii, indicating that C. freundii may be a suitable surrogate for Salmonella Newport in future field studies.

scholarly journals Twenty-Five Years of Radiocarbon Dating Soils: Paradigm of Erring and Learning

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Scharpenseel ◽  
Peter Becker-Heidmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Earthworm Casts ◽  
Initiation Point ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Soil Dating

Soil organic matter sequesters close to three times the carbon existing totally in the living biomass and nearly the same for the total carbon in the atmosphere. Models, such as Jenkinson's or Parton's Century model, help to define soil organic matter fractions of different functions, based on residence time/14C age. Rejuvenation of soil carbon was felt to be the principal impediment to absolute soil dating, in addition to the ambiguity of the initiation point of soil formation and soil age. Recent studies, for example, of Becker-Heidmann (1989), indicate that a soil 14C age of >1000 yr cannot have >0.1% rejuvenation in the total soil organic matter compartments/fractions to be possible and sustainable. Always problematic in earlier observations were age vs. depth increases, in 14C profile curves showing an inflection of reduced age in the deepest samples, i.e., from the rim of the organic matter containing epipedon. We attribute this phenomenon, in mollic horizons, to earthworm casts in the terminal part of the escape tube. Becker-Heidmann (1989) has shown, in thin layer soil profile dating, a highly significant correlation between the highest 14C ages and the highest clay content. Thus, optimization of soil dating is, to a lesser degree, related to the applied extracting solvent system than to soil texture fractions. Such observations allow us to mitigate error ranges inherent in dating dynamic soil systems.

scholarly journals Relationship of soil properties to fractionation, bioavailability and mobility of lead and zinc in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Finžgar ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
D. Leštan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content

Sequential extractions, metal uptake by <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, Ruby&rsquo;s physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), were used to assess the risk of Pb and Zn in contaminated soils, and to determine relationships among soil characteristics, heavy metals soil fractionation, bioavailability and leachability. Regression analysis using linear and 2nd order polynomial models indicated relationships between Pb and Zn contamination and soil properties, although of small significance (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Statistically highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were obtained using multiple regression analysis. A correlation between soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter and clay content was expected. The proportion of Pb in the PBET intestinal phase correlated with total soil Pb and Pb bound to soil oxides and the organic matter fraction. The leachable Pb, extracted with TCLP, correlated with the Pb bound to carbonates and soil organic matter content (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 69%). No highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) for Zn with soil properties or Zn fractionation were obtained using multiple regression.

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