THE INHERITANCE OF OZONE INSENSITIVITY IN SELECTED Phaseolus vulgaris L. POPULATIONS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HUCL ◽  
W. D. BEVERSDORF
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Two Populations

Broad sense heritability estimates (H) for ozone (O3) insensitivity in four P. vulgaris F2 populations were high (0.66–0.88) under artifical fumigation conditions. In the F3, under field conditions, broad sense H in two populations had declined to 0.16 and 0.21, probably as a result of the interaction of maturity and injury. The results suggest that selection for O3 insensitivity in early generations should be conducted under controlled fumigation conditions followed by field evaluations as lines approach homozygosity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in early generations for resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) dye

1969 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Varela ◽  
James Beaver ◽  
Mildred Zapata ◽  
Phillip Miklas ◽  
Silvia Cianzio
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The University ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Better Than

Two populations from the crosses DOR 364 x XAN 176 and DOR 364 x WBB-20-1 were tested in the field in the F3 and F4  generations and under greenhouse conditions in the F5 generation to determine the effectiveness of selection for resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli (Xcp) in early generations and to estimate the heritability (h2) of foliage resistance to Xcp. The study was conducted at the Isabela Substation of the University of Puerto Rico in 1991. Significant differences among lines for Xcp reaction were observed in the three generations evaluated.The parents, XAN 176 and WBB-20-1, showed more resistance to Xcp than DOR 364. The h2 of the resistance to Xcp in the leaves was intermediate to high (> 0.60) for the DOR 364 x XAN 176 population. In the DOR 364 x WBB-20-1 population, however, the h2 was low (0.30) in the F3 generation, and intermediate to high (> 0.60) in the F4 and F5 generations. Evaluation in the F3 generation requires at least three replications to have adequate precision to detect differences among lines. Selection in the F4 generation was more effective because of higher heritabilities.The evaluation of the disease on the basis of a 1 to 9 scale was better than estimates of the percentage of leaf area infected because there was less variation among generations. In addition, variances among groups of lines were more homogeneous.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and correlation of agronomic traits in meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm) clones

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Renato Alves de Araújo ◽  
Bruce Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) is a recently introduced pasture grass in western Canada. Its leafy production and rapid regrowth have made it a major grass species for pasturing beef animals in this region. As relatively little breeding work has been done on this species, there is little information on its breeding behaviour. The main objective of this study was to estimate total genetic variability, broad-sense heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations. Forty-four meadow bromegrass clones were evaluated for agronomic characters. Genetic variation for dry matter yield, seed yield, fertility index, harvest index, plant height, plant spread, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, was significant. Broad-sense heritability estimates exceeded 50% for all characters. Heritability estimates were at least 3.5 times greater than their standard errors. Phenotypic and genetic correlation between all possible characters were measured. There was general agreement in both sign and magnitude between genetic and phenotypic correlations. Correlations between the different characters demonstrated that it is possible to simultaneously improve seed and forage yield. Based on the results, it appears that the development of higher yielding cultivars with higher crude protein, and lower acid and neutral detergent fibers concentration should be possible.

scholarly journals Heritability of Simulated Wear and Traffic Tolerance in Three Fine Fescue Species

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin L. Grimshaw ◽  
Yuanshuo Qu ◽  
William A. Meyer ◽  
Eric Watkins ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos
Keyword(s):  
Broad Sense ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
The North ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Traffic Tolerance ◽  
Fine Fescue ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Wear Tolerance

In recent years, turfgrass breeders have given increased attention to the development of lower maintenance turfgrass cultivars. Fine fescues (Festuca spp.) have been identified as potential candidate species for low-maintenance lawns because of their reduced need for water, mowing, and fertilizer. Unfortunately, these species have some weaknesses that must be improved to facilitate their use; perhaps, the most important of these is tolerance to wear and traffic. For this trait to be improved in new cultivars, there must be sufficient heritable variation available for plant breeders to exploit; however, little is known about the heritability of this complex trait in fine fescue species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the heritability of wear and traffic tolerance in three fine fescue species. Replicated field studies were established in North Brunswick, NJ, and St. Paul, MN, and each included 157 Chewing’s fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. fallax), 155 hard fescue (Festuca brevipilia), and 149 strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra L. subsp. rubra) genotypes. Wear tolerance was evaluated in North Brunswick and traffic tolerance was evaluated in St. Paul during 2015 and 2016 using different simulators to determine both plant performance and broad-sense heritability estimates for wear and traffic tolerance. Broad-sense heritability estimates for the three species when calculated on a clonal basis was between 0.69 and 0.82 for wear tolerance in the North Brunswick location and between 0.49 and 0.60 for traffic tolerance in the St. Paul location. On a single-plant basis, broad-sense heritability estimates for the three species were between 0.31 and 0.45 for wear tolerance in the North Brunswick location and 0.09 and 0.12 for traffic tolerance in St. Paul. However, this research does indicate that improvement of wear and traffic tolerance in fine fescues is possible through recurrent breeding methods based on selection of replicated clonally propagated genotypes rather than selection of single individual plants of a population. This was the first study to determine the genetic effects of wear and traffic tolerance in any turfgrass species.

Seed coat specific weight in Lupinus angustifolius: influence of genotype and environment and relationship with seed coat proportion

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mera ◽  
R. Jerez ◽  
H. Miranda ◽  
J. L. Rouanet
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Selection For

Abstract. The relatively high seed coat proportion of the narrow-leafed lupin reduces its economic value. This character has been shown to be affected by seed weight, and this limits the use of seed coat proportion as a selection criterion. We examined the variation for seed coat specific weight, a potential alternative selection criterion, and tested its relationship with seed coat proportion and seed weight. Seeds were sampled from mainstem pods of 14 winter-sown genotypes of Lupinus angustifolius L. grown at 4 southern Chile sites over 2 years. Seed coat specific weight had an overall mean of 30.1 mg/cm2. Highly significant genotypic effects were found (range 28.9–32.1 mg/cm2). The ranges for sites and years were 29.1–31.1 and 28.9–31.2 mg/cm2, respectively. Genotypes interacted significantly with years, but not with sites. Broad-sense heritability was 0.59, a value that predicts a good response to selection for this character. Seed coat specific weight was weakly correlated (rph = 0.11*) with seed coat proportion, and was not associated with mean seed weight. Seed coat proportion was negatively correlated with mean seed weight (rph = –0.75***) and had high broad-sense heritability (0.95). The correlation between seed coat specific weight and a theoretical seed coat thickness, calculated under the assumptions of equal mass density of seed coat, cotyledons, and embryo, and a spherical-shaped seed, was r = 0.14*. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between seed coat specific weight and number of seeds per pod were 0.41 and 0.84, respectively. Our results indicate that selection for low seed coat proportion will lead to larger seeded genotypes, but will not reduce seed coat specific weight. Selection for low seed coat proportion after crosses would presumably be effective in reducing seedcoat specific weight if all segregating materials were uniformly large seeded, but that scenario is unrealistic. The evidence presented here suggests that selection for low seed coat specific weight (or measures correlated with it) in segregating populations will be necessary in order to increase the proportion of higher value kernels in seeds and to improve the economic yield of lupins.

Selection for bean fly (Ophiomyia spp) resistance and agronomic performance in selected common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions

2021 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 105404
Author(s):  
Wilson Nkhata ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Rob Melis ◽  
Rowland Chirwa ◽  
Tenyson Mzengeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Ophiomyia Spp ◽  
Bean Fly

Achieving higher heritabilities through improved design and analysis of clonal trials

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2148-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador A Gezan ◽  
Timothy L White ◽  
Dudley A Huber
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Method ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Clonal testing was studied under different environmental patterns and experimental designs through simulation with the criteria of maximizing broad-sense heritability estimates and genetic gain from clonal selection. Several experimental designs were studied together with three patterns of environmental variability. In addition, empirical 95% confidence intervals for heritability estimates were compared with Dickerson's approximate method. Other elements studied included (i) conditions under which different environmental patterns yield high or low heritabilities and (ii) effects of varying the number of ramets per clone. Row-column designs produced the highest mean individual broad- sense heritability, but these designs were only slightly more efficient than incomplete block designs with small block sizes. For all experimental designs, Dickerson's approximate method for estimating the variance of heritability estimates produced reasonable 95% confidence intervals but overestimated the upper confidence limit of complex designs. Larger heritabilities were found with higher tree-to-tree spatial correlations and lower amounts of microsite residual variance, and varying gradients had negligible influence. The effect of implementing Latinization was significant on increasing heritability, but small in practical terms, and was more important for patchy surfaces. Experiments with more ramets per clone yielded higher clonal mean heritabilities, and using between four and six ramets per clone per site is recommended.

scholarly journals Heritability and Correlations Among Popping Characteristics and Seed Weight in a Broad-based Temperate-adapted Nuña Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Population

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Vorwald ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
South America ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Unique Property ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Nuña beans are a type of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from the Andean region of South America that possess the unique property of popping. To develop temperate-adapted nuña bean cultivars, knowledge is needed regarding the inheritance and relationships among popping characteristics and seed weight. Nuña bean landraces are often photoperiod-sensitive; thus, to obtain estimates of the genetic parameters associated with seed characteristics, populations adapted to the long days of northern temperate climates were developed. Four sets of 10 families, sampled from a temperate-adapted population, were crossed in a Design II mating design. The heritabilities of seed weight, popping percentage, and the coefficient of expansion were relatively high, 0.77 ± 0.04, 0.87 ± 0.07, and 0.74 ± 0.09, respectively. Large positive phenotypic (0.773) and additive genetic (0.539) correlations were observed between popping percentage and the coefficient of expansion. Correlations with seed weight were not significant. The results indicate that direct selection for either increased popping percentage or coefficient of expansion will simultaneously improve both traits with little or no change in seed weight.

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