FRUCTANS IN ONION BULBS IN RELATION TO STORAGE LIFE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1327-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHIO SUZUKI ◽  
J. A. CUTCLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Storage Carbohydrate ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates

A 3-yr study with eight different onion cultivars, Allium cepa, was conducted to determine the association of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) with the storability of the bulbs. Onion bulbs were harvested in the fall of 1983, 1984 and 1985, and sample bulbs were analyzed for WSC. Water-soluble carbohydrates of onion bulbs consisted of a series of oligofructans, the maximum degree of polymerization (DP) being between 10 and 15, in addition to fructose, glucose and sucrose. Fructan concentration of onion bulbs harvested in 1985 decreased during storage. Onion cultivars with a short storage life, such as Buffalo, contained a relatively high moisture content, a high concentration of monosaccharides and a low concentration of fructans at harvest. These criteria may be used as an indicator for identifying onion cultivars with a very short storage life but not for the prediction of storability of onions with medium to long storage life.Key words: Onion, Allium cepa, storage, carbohydrate, fructan, HPLC, molecular size

Milk production and N partitioning in early lactation dairy cows offered perennial ryegrass containing a high concentration of water soluble carbohydrates

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 6-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Moorby ◽  
L. A. Miller ◽  
R. T. Evans ◽  
N. D. Scollan ◽  
M. K. Theodorou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
N Partitioning ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates

The efficiency of utilisation of grass nitrogen for milk protein production tends to be low, because rumen fermentable energy sources limit the amount of diet amino acids that are incorporated into microbial protein. As a consequence, absorption of ammonia from the rumen and excretion of high-N waste products is considerable. Previous studies (Miller et al., 1999) have shown that the efficiency of use of feed N can be increased in late-lactation dairy cows by feeding ryegrass bred to contain a high concentration of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC). The objective of this study was to investigate milk production and N partitioning in early lactation dairy cows using the same high WSC ryegrass variety, AberDove.

scholarly journals Dehydrator Onion Bulb Weight and Water-soluble Carbohydrates before and after Maturity

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur D. Wall ◽  
Marisa M. Wall ◽  
Joe N. Corgan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Before And After

Onions (Allium cepa L.) with ≥18% bulb dry weight are dehydrated and used for spices and food ingredients. Bulb weight characteristics and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) of two commercial dehydrator cultivars, GS02 and GS04, and a breeding population, NM9335, were studied before and after maturity to observe phenotypic traits that may be useful for selection during breeding programs, and to study dehydrator onion carbohydrate physiology. At maturity, NM9335, GS02, and GS04 bulbs had 11.9 ± 0.33%, 18.6 ± 0.27%, and 19.4 ± 0.40% dry weight, respectively. Mature GS04 plants had 76.5 ± 0.01% of whole plant dry weight in bulbs, which is an extraordinarily high crop harvest index. NM9335 bulbs had higher fresh (hydrated) weight than bulbs of GS04 and GS02, but bulbs in all populations accumulated similar amounts of dry weight. Bulb percent dry weight before maturity did not indicate percent dry weight at maturity in the high-solids commercial onion cultivars. Bulb percent dry weight declined slightly after maturity in all populations. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose were relatively low, and fructans with degree of polymerization ≥6 were relatively high in GS04, but the converse was observed in NM9335. Relative amounts of GSO4 bulb fructan increased sequentially, in order of rank, from DP4 to DP6, but the converse was observed for NM9335.

scholarly journals Sulfur Nutrition Affects Nonstructural Water-soluble Carbohydrates in Onion Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Randle
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Sulfur Nutrition

Sixty onion (Allium cepa L.) entries were evaluated for nonstructural water-soluble carbohydrates (NWSC) under high (4.0 meq·liter-1) and low (0.1 meq·liter-1) S nutrition. Significant differences were detected among entries for sucrose, fructose, glucose, total fructans, total NWSC, and soluble solids content (SSC). Sucrose, total fructans, and SSC were highly correlated with total NWSC although deviant NWSC concentration was detected. Since a significant S × entry interaction was found for all NWSC concentrations tested. selection should be conducted at S concentrations indicative of targeted production areas.

Water-Soluble Carbohydrates in Johnsongrass

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Storage Carbohydrate ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Plant Emergence

Studies were conducted to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the water-soluble carbohydrates in johnsongrass[Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.]. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose were the only sugars detected in other than trace amounts in leaves, culms, or rhizomes. Sucrose was the major storage carbohydrate, although glucose and fructose were present throughout most of the life cycle in both leaves and rhizomes. Levels of glucose, fructose, and sucrose in rhizomes were maximum when plants began flowering and minimum at 10 to 30 days after plant emergence. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose were at a maximum in leaves within 30 days after plant emergence. Glucose was present only in trace amounts in leaves for about 10 days during initial flowering; fructose was at a maximum at that time. Sucrose in leaves occurred in greatest quantities soon after plant emergence, immediately before flowering, and after flowering. Leaf blades and sheaths contained nearly equal concentrations of carbohydrates, but stems contained greater concentrations than leaves. Basal shoots and secondary culms from nodes on primary culms contained greater concentrations of carbohydrates than leaves on primary culms. Regrowth from clipped shoots had significantly higher concentrations of glucose and sucrose than did unclipped shoots. Rhizomes of clipped plants had significantly less sucrose but more glucose than rhizomes of unclipped plants.

scholarly journals Pungency and Sugars of Short-day Onions as Affected by Sulfur Nutrition

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Randle ◽  
M.L. Bussard
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Sulfur Nutrition

Sixteen short-day onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars with high (4.0 meq·liter-1) and low S (0.1 meq·liter-1) fertility were evaluated for several characteristics associated with bulb flavor. Sulfur levels interacted with cultivars in influencing bulb pungency and concentrations of S and individual sugars, except for fructose. Enzymatically formed pyruvic acid correlated poorly with bulb S concentration, which suggests differential partitioning of S into flavor and nonflavor compounds among cultivars. Bulb percent dry weight correlated negatively with bulb S concentration. Since poor correlations were found between enzymatically formed pyruvic acid and water-soluble carbohydrates, we postulate that pungency and sweetness function independently in bulbs of fresh-market short-day onion cultivars.

scholarly journals Evaluating Sweet Onion Cultivars for Sugar Concentrations and Pungency

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 804-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Vavrina ◽  
Doyle A. Smittle
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Rio Bravo

Six onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars were grown during 2 years to evaluate the effects of environment on bulb quality as measured by sugar and pyruvate (pungency) concentrations. Within each year, bulb fresh weight was not affected by cultivar; however, bulb fresh weights were 36% higher in a year when most of the rain fell during maximum bulb expansion. Total bulb sugar concentration and pungency varied among cultivars and years. Pungency was higher and the sugar: pungency ratio was lower in `Texas 1015Y' and `Sweet Georgia' than in `Dessex', `Rio Bravo', 'Hybrid Yellow Granex', and `Granex 33'. Under low S nutrition, market acceptance of “sweet” onion cultivars that vary slightly in nonstructural water-soluble carbohydrates may be assessed more precisely by the sugar: pungency ratio than by sugar or pungency assessments.

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