THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON THE EXPRESSION OF TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH WINTERHARDINESS OF TWO WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS

Two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Fredrick and Norstar, which differ in their winterhardiness potential, were compared with regard to the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application, during acclimation, on the expression of four traits associated with winterhardiness — freezing, ice-encasement, and low temperature flooding tolerances and crown moisture content. Modified Hoagland’s nutrient solutions containing five levels of each nutrient were applied to the seedlings during a 5-wk acclimation period at 2 °C, and subsequently the crowns were tested for their ability to survive varying intensities of the stress treatments. Increasing the level of applied N from 0, caused a reduction in the level of all stress tolerances. Increased P did not significantly alter the expression of freezing tolerance, but tended to increase tolerance of the anaerobic stresses, icing and low temperature flooding, to an optimum. Increased K had minimal effects on stress tolerance at the levels tested. Increased levels of each nutrient increased crown moisture content. The cultivar Norstar was consistently more tolerant of freezing and icing stress than Fredrick and this relative ranking was not influenced by mineral nutrition. However, the relative ranking for low temperature flooding tolerance varied depending on the nutrients provided to the seedlings. The results suggest that environmental and growth regulatory factors which influence the uptake of mineral nutrients would be expected to influence crown moisture content, and the expression of stress tolerance.Key words: Freezing, ice-encasement, flooding

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Genome-wide identification of CCT genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their expression analysis during vernalization

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0262147 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e0262147

Author(s):

HongWei Zhang ◽

Bo Jiao ◽

FuShuang Dong ◽

XinXia Liang ◽

Shuo Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Leaf Tissues ◽

Extended Exposure

Numerous CCT genes are known to regulate various biological processes, such as circadian rhythm regulation, flowering, light signaling, plant development, and stress resistance. The CCT gene family has been characterized in many plants but remains unknown in the major cereal wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Extended exposure to low temperature (vernalization) is necessary for winter wheat to flower successfully. VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2), a specific CCT-containing gene, has been proved to be strongly associated with vernalization in winter wheat. Mutation of all VRN2 copies in three subgenomes results in the eliminated demands of low temperature in flowering. However, no other CCT genes have been reported to be associated with vernalization to date. The present study screened CCT genes in the whole wheat genome, and preliminarily identified the vernalization related CCT genes through expression analysis. 127 CCT genes were identified in three subgenomes of common wheat through a hidden Markov model-based method. Based on multiple alignment, these genes were grouped into 40 gene clusters, including the duplicated gene clusters TaCMF6 and TaCMF8, each tandemly arranged near the telomere. The phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into eight groups. The transcriptome analysis using leaf tissues collected before, during, and after vernalization revealed 49 upregulated and 31 downregulated CCT genes during vernalization, further validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Among the differentially expressed and well-investigated CCT gene clusters analyzed in this study, TaCMF11, TaCO18, TaPRR95, TaCMF6, and TaCO16 were induced during vernalization but decreased immediately after vernalization, while TaCO1, TaCO15, TaCO2, TaCMF8, and TaPPD1 were stably suppressed during and after vernalization. These data imply that some vernalization related CCT genes other than VRN2 may exist in wheat. This study improves our understanding of CCT genes and provides a foundation for further research on CCT genes related to vernalization in wheat.

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A COMPARISON OF COLD HARDINESS AND ICE ENCASEMENT TOLERANCE OF TIMOTHY GRASS AND WINTER WHEAT

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps83-049 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 429-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C. J. ANDREWS ◽

B. E. GUDLEIFSSON

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Similar Rate ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Temperature Growth ◽

Low Temperature Growth ◽

Timothy Grass ◽

Ice Encasement

In the falls of 1979 and 1980 Salvo timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) showed cold hardiness similar to Norstar winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) but significantly greater hardiness than Fredrick winter wheat. Ice tolerance of Salvo, with LI50 values of 29 and 45 days in the 2 yr, was more than twice that of the wheats. In controlled environments, seedlings of three timothy cultivars showed relatively low cold hardiness, but about threefold greater ice tolerance than the wheats. An Icelandic timothy cultivar, Korpa, showed greater ice tolerance than the Norwegian Engmo, and the Canadian cultivar Salvo. Fredrick wheat, and Korpa timothy cold hardened at a similar rate for 4 wk, but Korpa continued to harden to − 18 °C up to 6 wk of low temperature growth. Korpa rapidly attained a high tolerance to ice encasement in 2 wk of low temperature growth while Fredrick attained relatively low ice tolerance reaching a maximum at 3 wk of growth. There is little association between cold and ice tolerance in timothy, and there is a major difference in the ice tolerances of timothy and winter wheat. This high ice tolerance is likely to be a major cause of the superior survival of timothy in conditions of high winter stress. Key. words: Triticum, Phleum, acclimation, resistance, low temperature, frost

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COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT TILLERS ACCLIMATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps83-111 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 879-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

W. G. LEGGE ◽

D. B. FOWLER ◽

L. V. GUSTA

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Cold Hardy

The cold hardiness of tillers separated from the plant immediately before freezing (CTM) or left intact on the crown (ICM) was determined by artificial freeze tests on two sampling dates for four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars acclimated in the field. Plants with 9 and 13 tillers excluding coleoptile tillers were selected in mid-October and at the end of October, respectively. No differences in lethal dose temperature (LT50) were detected among CTM or ICM tillers sampled in mid-October. The three youngest CTM tillers sampled at the end of October were less cold hardy than older tillers. However, younger CTM tillers did not survive the unfrozen control treatment as well as older tillers. ICM tillers sampled at the end of October had the same LT50 except for one of the older tillers. No correlation was found between either the moisture content or dry weight and the LT50 of tillers. Winter survival of tillers was evaluated for two cultivars in the spring. Tillers of intermediate age and two of the youngest tillers had the highest survival rates. Tiller regeneration from axillary buds rather than the apical meristem occurred following cold stress and was negatively correlated to tiller emergence date. It was concluded that differences in cold hardiness among tillers must be taken into consideration if tillers are utilized to estimate the LT50 of a plant.Key words: Cold hardiness, tillers, winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., developmental stage, moisture content

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The apical dominance in winter wheat

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v21.822 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 133-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. I. Zhuk

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Apical Dominance ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Plant Mineral Nutrition ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars

Aim. The aim of this work was to study the influence of apical dominance in winter wheat on stem growth and productivity. Methods. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’, ‘Novokievska’ were grown on mixture of soil and sand in pots with capacity of 7.5 kg. Optimal plant mineral nutrition was N160 P160 K160. The stem growth was measured. After ear maturing the quantity of grains in ear, and mass of 1000 grains were measured. Results were statistically analyzed with ANOVA. Results. The length of winter wheat stems and grain quantity in ear of main and lateral stems were studied under optimal mineral nutrition. The highest number of grains was detected in main stems. The tillers had less quantity of grains than main stems. The wheat cv. ‘Novokievska’ was more productive than cv. ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’. Conclusions. It is shown that the main stem is dominant over lateral stems of winter wheat cultivars ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’, ‘Novokievska’. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, winter wheat, grain, stem, apical dominance.

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DEHARDENING AND REHARDENING OF SPRING-COLLECTED WINTER WHEATS AND A WINTER RYE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps76-126 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 775-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L. V. GUSTA ◽

D. B. FOWLER

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Exposure To Cold ◽

Secale Cereale L

Crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) collected early in the spring readily dehardened upon exposure to 15 C. After 6 days at 15 C, the crowns of both species were completely dehardened. Partially dehardened crowns were unable to reharden upon exposure to cold-acclimating conditions and continued to lose hardiness when stored at − 2.5 C. There was a positive correlation between level of dehardening and crown moisture content. However, this relationship began to break down when attempts were made to reharden partially dehardened plants.

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ON THE INHIBITION OF FROST HARDENING OF WINTER WHEAT BY BASF 13-338, A DERIVATIVE OF PYRIDAZINONE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps79-037 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 249-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. WILLEMOT ◽

H. J. HOPE ◽

J. C. ST-PIERRE

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Frost Hardening ◽

Acid Accumulation ◽

Simultaneous Inhibition

BASF 13-338, a derivative of pyridazinone, inhibits photosynthesis without affecting. respiration in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at low temperature. This inhibition could account for the previously reported inhibition of frost hardening. Therefore, simultaneous inhibition of linolenic acid accumulation and of frost hardening are probably not causally related.

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Effects of five Glomus spp. (Zygomycetes) on growth and mineral nutrition of Triticum aestivum L.

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1993.020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 201-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Janusz Błaszkowski

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽

The Other ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Glomus Spp

In a pot experiment conducted in a growth chamber. the influence of five species of arbuscular fungi (Glomales) on growth and mineral nutrition of winter wheat (Triricum aestivum) cv. Salwa was investigated. After nine weeks of growth, plants inoculated with Glomus calcdonium and G. mosseae were significantly higher than those from control pots and those with G. constrictum, G. deserticola and G. macrocarpum mycorrhizae. All fungi significantly increased root dry weights, although G. caledonium was the most effective species. Except for G. constrictum, the other fungi significantly increased shoot dry weights of plants, with G.caledonium being the most effective species. G. caledonium, G. macrocarpum and G. mosseae significantly decreased root: shoot ratios. Inoculations significantly affected shoot and root N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations. Except for G. constrictum, all the other fungi significantly increased shoot N and Ca contents. Shoot P and K contents were significantly higher in plants harbouring only G. caledonium mycorrhizae. G. caledonium. G. deserticola and G. mosseae significantly increased shoot Mg contents. Except for G.constritum, the other fungi significantly enhanced root N and P contens. The fungi significantly increasing root K supplies were G. caledoniumum, G. macrocarpum , and G. mosseae. Root Ca contents was significantly increased only in G. constrictum treatment. Except for G. constrictum and G. mosseae, the other fungi significantly increased root Mg contents, with G. macrocarpum ranking the first. Shoot and root dry weights and shoot N and K as well as root N and P contents in T. aestivum were significantly correlated with mycorrhizal colonization.

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