Canopy manipulation of Okanagan Riesling vines for improvement of winegrape quality

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Reynolds ◽  
P. L. Sholberg ◽  
D. A. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Canopy Management

Vigorous, Geneva Double Curtain-trained Okanagan Riesling vines were subjected over a 2-yr period (1987–1988) to four canopy manipulation practices: shoot positioning; shoot positioning plus postbloom hedging to 12 leaves per shoot; basal leaf removal; and an untreated control, in combination with the presence or absence of iprodione (Rovral 50WP) fungicide sprays. Shoot positioning and shoot positioning plus hedging reduced weight of cane prunings relative to control vines in 1988, but increased yield, cluster weight, and berries per cluster. Shoot positioning, shoot positioning plus hedging, and basal leaf removal reduced °Brix in 1988, but tended to reduce titratable acidity in both seasons. Shoot positioning plus hedging reduced pH in 1987, while shoot positioning and shoot positioning plus hedging reduced pH and potassium (K+) in 1988. Neither Rovral nor canopy manipulation appeared to have any significant impact on the percentage of bunch rot-affected clusters. Shoot positioning of Geneva Double Curtain-trained Okanagan Riesling is recommended as a method to reduce titratable acidity, pH and K+, hence improving potential winegrape quality.Key words: Vitis, grape, hedging, shoot positioning, leaf removal, canopy management

scholarly journals Fruit Zone Leaf Removal Timing and Extent Alters Bunch Rot, Primary Fruit Composition, and Crop Yield in Georgia-grown ‘Chardonnay’ (Vitis vinifera L.)

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1654-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie R. Vogel ◽  
Rachael S. White ◽  
Clark MacAllister ◽  
Cain C. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
The U.S

Fruit zone leaf removal is a vineyard management practice used to manage bunch rots, fruit composition, and crop yield. We were interested in evaluating fruit zone leaf removal effects on bunch rot, fruit composition, and crop yield in ‘Chardonnay’ grown in the U.S. state of Georgia. The experiment consisted of seven treatments: no leaf removal (NO); prebloom removal of four or six leaves (PB-4, PB-6), post–fruit set removal of four or six leaves (PFS-4, PFS-6), and prebloom removal of two or three leaves followed by post–fruit set removal of two or three leaves (PB-2/PFS-2, PB-3/PFS-3). Although leaf removal reduced botrytis bunch rot and sour rot compared with NO, effects were inconsistent across the two seasons. Fruit zone leaf removal treatments reduced titratable acidity (TA) and increased soluble solids compared with NO. PB-6 consistently reduced berry number per cluster, cluster weight, and thus crop yield relative to PFS-4. Our results show that post–fruit set fruit zone leaf removal to zero leaf layers aids in rot management, reduces TA, increases soluble solids, and maintains crop yield compared with no leaf removal. We therefore recommend post–fruit set leaf removal to zero leaf layers over no leaf removal if crops characterized by relatively greater soluble solids-to-TA ratio and reduced bunch rot are desirable for winemaking goals.

scholarly journals Response of `Reliance' Table Grapes to Canopy Management and Ethephon Application

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fitzgerald ◽  
W. Keith Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
B Value ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
B Values ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Skin Redness ◽  
Canopy Management

Canopy management and ethephon application (100 mg·liter-1 2 weeks after veraison) were investigated for 2 years as possible ways to improve color and overall quality of `Reliance' grapes (Vitis spp.). Canopy management consisted of leaf removal, shoot positioning, and cluster thinning. Grapevines were subjected to one of two levels of leaf removal and one of two levels of preharvest ethephon spray and were either thinned to a basal cluster or nonthinned. Thinning and ethephon advanced harvest dates by 5 to 8 days and 2 to 3 days, respectively. In 1989, berry weight was increased by thinning but was not affected by leaf removal or ethephon. Leaf removal (direct sun exposure) of thinned and nonthinned treatments increased “L” values (lighter colored fruit) in 1989. In 1990, leaf removal, ethephon, and thinning resulted in higher “L” values. The “a” values were significantly increased by leaf removal in 1989 and 1990 and by thinning in 1989, a result indicating increased skin redness. Exposed clusters of nonthinned treatments had significantly higher “b” values due to more yellow fruit in 1989 than in 1990. Ethephon increased “b” values in thinned and nonthinned treatments. In 1990, leaf removal increased “b” values. Thinning resulted in more evenly colored, redder fruit. Leaf removal caused a lightening and yellowing of the skin. Juice from leaf removal treatments in 1990 had significantly higher “L”, “a”, and “b” values. Ethephon significantly increased the “a” value of juice in 1989, and leaf removal significantly increased the “b” value in 1989. The percent soluble solids of juice was generally decreased by ethephon and increased by leaf removal and thinning. Titratable acidity was decreased by leaf removal and ethephon and increased by thinning in both years. Leaf removal decreased berry pH in 1990. Thinning increased coloration, and direct exposure to light decreased coloration. The results with ethephon were not conclusive. Chemical name used: 2-chloro-ethyl-phosphonic acid (ethephon).

Gibberellin Application Improved Bunch Rot Control of Vignoles Grape, but Response to Mechanical Defoliation Varied between Training Systems

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. PDIS-06-20-1184
Author(s):  
Bryan Hed ◽  
Michela Centinari
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Training System ◽  
Cluster Architecture ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Cluster Compactness ◽  
Bunch Rot

Late-season bunch rot causes significant crop loss for grape growers in wet and humid climates. For 3 years (2016 to 2018), we integrated prebloom mechanized defoliation (MD) in the fruit zone and bloom gibberellin (GA) applications, either alone or in combination, into the bunch rot control program of Vignoles, a commercially valuable grape variety that is highly susceptible to bunch rot. We hypothesized that both treatments would decrease bunch rot through modification of cluster architecture or fruit zone microclimate compared with vines treated with the standard chemical control program. Grapevines were trained to two popular training systems, four-arm Kniffin (4AK) and high-wire bilateral cordon (HWC). Treatment responses varied between training systems. MD, alone or in combination with GA, reduced bunch rot incidence and severity every year on 4AK-trained vines, an effect attributed mainly to fruit zone improvements. Conversely, MD alone did not reduce bunch rot incidence on HWC-trained vines, despite significant improvements in cluster architecture (reduced number of berries per cluster and cluster compactness). GA applications were more effective than MD at reducing cluster compactness, regardless of training system. As a result, GA reduced bunch rot incidence and severity when applied alone or with MD on 4AK- and HWC-trained vines. All treatments positively improved fruit-soluble sugar concentration on both training systems, while positive effects on titratable acidity were more consistent across training systems with MD.

TOMATO YIELD AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS IN RELATION TO BASAL LEAF REMOVAL

2004 ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Leonardi ◽  
F. Giuffrida ◽  
V. Seiglitano
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Tomato Yield

Fruit zone leaf removal influences vegetative, yield, disease, fruit composition, and wine sensory attributes of Vitis vinifera L. 'Optima' and 'Cabernet franc'

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Staff ◽  
D. C. Percival ◽  
J. A. Sullivan ◽  
K. H. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Wine Composition ◽  
Bunch Rot

The influence of fruit zone leaf removal treatments (0, 50, and 100%) on grapevine canopy structure, incidence of bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.), yield components, fruit and wine composition and wine sensory attributes was studied on Vitis vinifera L. 'Optima' and 'Cabernet franc'. The 50 and 100% leaf removal reduced leaf layer number, percent interior leaves and percent interior clusters. Yield was reduced between 29 and 46%. Severity of bunch rot in Optima and incidence and severity for Cabernet franc were reduced by leaf removal. Leaf removal improved colour, aroma and palatability of both Optima and Cabernet franc wines. Key words: Botrytis cinerea, defoliation, canopy management

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFECTS OF REFLECTIVE MULCH AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SOME OTHER PREHARVEST APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS PROFILE AND ANTHOCYANIN ACCUMULATION OF CV. SYRAH WINE GRAPE (V. vinifera L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Demir Kok ◽  
Erdinç Bal
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content

In today’s modern viticulture, reflective mulches and summer pruning practices are remarkable tools thatmay facilitate grape growers to increase yield and improve the grape quality. This study aimed to assess howreflective mulch application (RM) affects components of phenolic compounds and anthocyanin of cv. Syrahthe compared to other preharvest applications such as basal leaf removal application (BLR), foliar prolineapplication (PRO) and their various combinations, including applications of basal leaf removal + proline(BLR+PRO), basal leaf removal + reflective mulch (BLR+RM), proline + reflective mulch (PRO+RM) andbasal leaf removal + proline + reflective mulch (BLR+PRO+RM). The study findings demonstrated that reflectivemulch application (RM) may considerably enhance light distribution in the canopy of grapevine byincreasing reflected light from the ground. In the current study, it was observed that combined applicationshad significant roles on improving yield and quality characteristics. In terms of total phenolic compoundscontent, the highest values were obtained from applications of BLR+RM and PRO+RM. Moreover, all applicationshad a rise to crucial increases in total anthocyanin content of cv. Syrah wine grape when the comparedwith C application.

scholarly journals Influence of leaf removal and reflective mulch on phenolic composition of white wines

OENO One ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Mirela Osrečak ◽  
Marko Karoglan ◽  
Bernard Kozina ◽  
Darko Preiner
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Transparent Film ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
White Wines ◽  
Consistent Effect

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: The aim of this research was to evaluate if leaf removal and red geotextile reflective mulch “Vitexsol” could affect phenolic composition of wines from three white cultivars, Riesling italico, Traminer, and Manzoni bianco.<strong></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: A two-year study was conducted to evaluate the effects of leaf removal and reflective mulch on the phenolic composition of white wines from Zagreb vineyards in northwestern Croatia. Leaf removal (LR) and reflective mulch (RM) “Vitexsol”, made from weave of aluminum platelets protected by a transparent film and sewn together with red polypropylene threads, were tested separately and combined (LR+RM) on vines of Traminer, Riesling italico and Manzoni bianco in 2008 and 2009. LR and RM had no consistent effect on must sugar content and titratable acidity. All treatments resulted in higher total phenol and flavan-3-ol content in wines of all cultivars, but in different years. LR+RM generally resulted in the highest phenolic acid and individual flavan-3-ol content in all wines except Traminer. RM treatment had the least effect on phenolic composition of wines.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: LR+RM generally resulted in the highest content of most phenolic compounds, especially when compared to control wines.</p><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: This work provides some useful informations for adjusting vineyard practices and thus optimizing phenolic quality of white wines.

scholarly journals Influence of Girdling and Gibberellic Acid on Yield Components, Fruit Composition, and Vestigial Seed Formation of `Sovereign Coronation' Table Grapes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Reynolds ◽  
Christiane de Savigny
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Effect On Yield

Vestigial seeds of `Sovereign Coronation' table grapes frequently form partial seedcoats that are perceptible during consumption. This problem was addressed through cane/cordon girdling and gibberellic acid (GA3) sprays. `Sovereign Coronation' vines were subjected to one of five treatments [untreated control; cane/cordon girdled; 15 ppm GA3 at bloom (GA1); GA1 + 40 ppm GA3 14 days later (GA2); GA2 + 40 ppm GA3 14 days later]. GA3 had no effect on yield or clusters per vine, but postbloom GA3 treatments increased cluster and berry weights and reduced berries per cluster. Fruit maturity was not consistently affected by the treatments, although slight increases in °Brix and pH and decreases in titratable acidity (TA) were associated with postbloom GA3 treatments. Use of postbloom GA3 applications reduced the number and weight of vestigial seeds with developed seedcoats, and reduced the number and weight of undeveloped seeds as well in 2 of 3 years. Girdling increased cluster and berry weights, decreased °Brix and TA, and increased pH. Transpiration rate of leaves on girdled vines was also higher than control vines on one sampling date. Data suggest that use of bloom and postbloom GA3 applications to `Sovereign Coronation' may reduce the formation of perceptible vestigial seeds and thus improve the marketability of this cultivar.

scholarly journals 579 Effect of Shoot Positioning, Leaf Removal, Cluster Shading, and Curtain Orientation on Fruit Composition and Primary Bud Cold Hardiness in `Norton/Cynthiana' Grapevines (Vitis aestivalis)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 546D-546
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Susanne Howard ◽  
Martin K. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Vitis Aestivalis

The effects of shoot positioning, leaf removal, cluster shading, and curtain orientation on fruit composition and primary bud cold hardiness were investigated in mature `Norton/Cynthiana' grapevines (Vitis aestivalis) trained to Geneva double curtain (GDC) trellis system. For four years (1995–1998) juice soluble solids content, total titratable acidity, and pH were not affected shoot positioning. Cluster shading, curtain orientation, and leaf removal affected fruit composition at harvest. Fruit from the south-facing curtain of the GDC trellis system had higher juice soluble solid content, pH, and skin pigmentation than fruit from the north-facing curtain. Cluster shading decreased skin pigmentation while cluster shading at the highest level only (95%) increased pH and decreased total titratable acidity. Leaf removal, which increases light exposure of the fruit, increased juice pH in the 1997 experiment only. Juice potassium level was decreased by shoot positioning, but not cluster shading or curtain orientation. Cold hardiness of primary buds was affected by these treatments early in the winter, but the differences in primary bud cold hardiness among the treatments diminished toward the end of the dormant season.

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