Forsythoside A Alleviates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis in Mice by Regulating Th17 Cells and IL-17A Expression

Psoriasis is a recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness and scaly skin lesions with itchy or painful sensations. Forsythoside A, one of the main active compounds isolated from the fruit of Forsythia suspensa, has been widely applied to treat inflammatory diseases in the clinical use of traditional oriental medicine. However, the effect of forsythoside A on psoriasis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and immune regulation of forsythoside A on psoriasis. C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups and treated with imiquimod cream on their shaved back skin to induce psoriasis-like dermatitis. Different doses of forsythoside A (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 20 mg/kg) were administered to the respective treatment groups. Skin redness, scaling, and ear thickness were measured; keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory cytokine expression were detected by hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Th17 cells in the inguinal lymph nodes were detected by flow cytometric analysis. IL-17A levels were measured using ELISA. The results showed that forsythoside A relieved psoriatic skin symptoms such as skin redness, thickness, scaling, and reduced epidermal thickening. The expression of IL-6, IL-17, and Ki-67 was downregulated in the forsythoside-A-treated groups. Th17 cell expression in inguinal lymph nodes and IL-17A secretion was suppressed by forsythoside A. In conclusion, forsythoside A was found to alleviate imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice by suppressing Th17 development and IL-17A secretion. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of forsythoside A in treating human psoriasis.

Case Report on Cellulitis with Diabetes

Introduction: Cellulitis is a bacterial skin condition that is very frequent. In reality, cellulitis affects about 14 million people in the United States each year. If left untreated, the infection can spread to any part of the body and cause serious problems. Obesity and an inactive lifestyle are two of the most common causes of type 2 diabetes. Clinical Findings: Pain or tenderness in the leg, Skin redness or inflammation that gets bigger as the infection spreads, Skin sore or rash that starts suddenly, and grows quickly , Warm skin. Diagnostic Evaluation: Hb%- 10.7, MCHC- 33.4, MCV- 88.8, MCH- 29.8, Total RBC count- 3.6, Total WBC count- 7200, Total platelets count - 1.63, HCT- 37, Monocytes- 01, Granulocytes- 75, Lymphocytes - 20, RDW - 17.2, Eosinophils - 01. Therapeutic Interventions: Inj. Ceftriaxone 1mg x BD (IV), Inj. Pan 40 mg x OD (IV), Tab. Limcee 500 mg x OD, Tab. Pan 40 mg x OD, Protein powder 2 tsp x TDS, Inj. Insulin. Outcomes: A Male Patient of 88 year old was admitted in AVBRH with a chief Complaint of Cellulitis after getting treatment his condition is improving. Conclusion: Diabetic foot infections that aren't treated well or aren't treated at all result in lower-extremity amputation in about 10% of patients. Amputations of the lower extremities can be debilitating and have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life.

A Review on SLN and NLC for Management of Fungal Infections

Fungal disease is an invasive, serious, and systemic topical infection that affects the mucous membranes, tissues, and skin of humans. Oral medicines, on the other hand, have significant side effects, making topical treatments a viable alternative. Many antifungal medications applied through the skin in various conventional forms (gels or creams) may cause skin redness, erythema, stinging, and burning sensations. A promising approach to overcome the limitation of conventional form is the use of Nanocarriers for the treatment of skin infections since it allows targeted drug delivery, enhanced skin permeability, and controlled release and hence offers a lower risk of side effects. During the last few decades, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have gained a lot of attention. SLNs were designed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional colloidal carriers, such as emulsions, liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles, by offering benefits such as a good release rate and drug targeting with high physical stability. NLCs are SLNs that have been modified (Second generation SLN) to improve stability and capacity loading. This review discusses the pathophysiology of the fungal diseases, the application of SLN and NLC, its method of preparation, Characterization, and an overview of clinical trials on SLN and NLC for the treatment of fungal infection.

Pressure Injury Surveillance and Prevention in Australia: Monash Partners Capacity Building Framework

A hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) is a common complication across the globe. The severity of HAPI ranges from skin redness and no skin breakdown to full skin and tissue loss, exposing the tendons and bones. HAPI can significantly impact the quality of life. In addition to the human cost, this injury carries a high economic burden with the cost of treatment far outweighing the preventative measures. The HAPI rates are a key indicator of health services performance. Globally, healthcare services aim to reduce its incidence. In Australia, the federal health minister has prioritised the need for improvement in HAPI surveillance and prevention. Capacity building is vital to optimise pressure injury (PI) surveillance and prevention in acute care services. In this perspective article, we provide a framework for capacity building to optimise HAPI prevention and surveillance in a large cross-sector collaborative partnership in Australia. This framework comprises six key action areas in capacity building to optimise the HAPI outcomes, such as research, organisational development, workforce development, leadership, collaboration, and consumer involvement.

Mucormycosis in COVID 19 patients: A review

not only worried about this fatal communicable virus but also other difficulties that are being declared by the patients.One such deadly problem being reported in patients in India in current times, who have produced positive result for COVID-19 and are slowly regaining health, is a fungal disease called mucormycotic or black fungus. With many such cases being announced incities and states like Mumbai Bengaluru, Delhi, and Gujarat it has provoked an extra wave of fear among the general population.Mucormycosis, previouslycalledaszygomycosis, is an uncommon fungal infection. It is caused by the mould related to mucorales, that is found mainly in decayed wood organic matters soil and leaves. They can cause blackening of skin, redness, inflammation,sores and can encroach the eyes, lungs and even the brain, substantiating to be dangerous if left without treatment. So, it is necessary to knowthe etiological factors and prominent symptoms associated withclinical implications of mucormycosismainly invasiveness and perforation into deeper part of the bone.That is why it is necessary to identify immediately any possible badsigns of mucormycosisarising in both, COVID-19 patients, and other individuals. The report must be communicated to the healthcare workerswithout delay so that treatment can be provided at a suitable time and the patient recovers completely.

Identifikasi Kandungan Hidrokuinon pada Krim Pemutih yang Beredar di Pasar Tradisional Wilayah Kabupaten Banjarnegara

Cosmetics that are sold in the market are in great demand by many women. The type of cosmetics that is often used is a whitening cream. This cream can provide a whitening effect on facial skin so that it can increase self-confidence. One of the ingredients that have skin whitening properties and is often added to whitening creams is hydroquinone. This material has the effect of inhibiting the formation of melanin so that it can whiten the skin. The use of hydroquinone without medical supervision is not allowed because it can have negative effects such as allergies, skin redness, and a burning feeling. In this paper, we will report the identification results of the hydroquinone content in the whitening cream which is not a distribution license number from the BPOM (Indonesia Food and Drug Supervisory Agency) which is marketed in the Banjarnegara Region area. Samples were taken from the Banjarnegara area and the analysis was carried out at the Pharmacy Laboratory of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The analytical method used was the identification of the hydroquinone content carried out by the TLC-densitometry method. Qualitative analysis used TLC, where the stationary phase used was silica GF254 while the mobile phase used was toluene - glacial acetic acid at a ratio of 8: 2. Samples were dotted using a microsyringe of 25 µL after extraction. Furthermore, the spot identification was carried out under 254 nm UV light and then the Rf value was calculated. Quantitative analysis was used. It was carried out by densitometry by looking at the area produced by the spots on TLC. In this analysis, the level calculation was carried out by comparing the area of the hydroquinone sample with the area of the positive control hydroquinone multiplied by the known hydroquinone level in the positive control. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that of the 21 samples, there were 6 samples or 28.57% of the samples containing hydroquinone. Quantitative analysis shows the levels in the six samples containing hydroquinone, namely sample no.11: 7,12%, sample no.12: 3.69%, sample no.15: 0.06%, sample no.16: 11.18%, sample no.18: 4.67%, and sample no.19: 1.07%. Based on the results of the analysis, several preparations contain hydroquinone exceeding a safe level of 5%, so it is necessary to regularly check testing and supervision from the authorized institution so that the circulating whitening cream is safe for use by the public.

Development of an Observer-Reported Outcome Measure to Capture the Signs and Impact of Fever Distress Symptoms in Infants and Young Children

PurposeThis qualitative study aimed to construct an observer-reported outcome measure (ObsRO) that evaluates fever distress in young children.MethodsA literature review was conducted to identify fever-related concepts. Clinical experts were interviewed for feedback on these concepts. Parents of young children were interviewed to identify behaviours the child exhibited during a recent fever episode. Fever sign and behaviour concepts endorsed by ≥20% parents were used to create items for the draft ObsRO. Parents of young children who recently had fever completed the ObsRO and gave feedback during two successive rounds of cognitive interviews.ResultsTwenty-five parents participated in the concept elicitation. Mean child age was 2.7 years (range: 0.6‑5.8). Fever sign and behaviour concepts endorsed by ≥20% participants were high temperature (80%), skin hot to touch (32%), skin redness/flushing (32%), reduced appetite/drink (48‑96%), needy/clingy/irritable (48‑92%), less active/interactive (68‑84%) and lethargic (64‑88%). Eighteen items, four in the Fever Signs Module and 14 in the Fever Behaviours Module, were developed for the draft ObsRO. Chosen recall period was 24 hours. Thirty participants (Round 1: n=17; Round 2: n=13), participated in cognitive interviews. Mean child age was 2.4 years (range: 0.3‑5.8). Round 1 feedback resulted in two Fever Signs items being combined. Three Fever Behaviour items were deleted, six revised and four unchanged. No changes were made following Round 2 feedback. Most participants understood all aspects of the ObsRO and found it user-friendly.ConclusionThe ObsRO will undergo further development in validation studies testing measurement properties of each item.

SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS TREATMENT WITH MUSTARD OIL: A CASE REPORT

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease which is primarily associated with sp. Malassezia infection on the epidermis of the skin. The disease is characterized by massive skin exfoliation of seborrheic regions like forehead, behind pinna of ear, armpits, nasolabial fold, dandruff in the scalp, etc. Around 5% of general population is a victim of this disease. The patient condition often becomes a hindrance for his or her livelihood and results into low self-esteem. Modern medical therapy recommends use of selenium sulfide sulfide, azole group of antibiotics like ketokonazole, Econazole, Clotrimazole, etc. In severe cases corticosteroids like Betamethasone dipropionate (0.05% potency) is also used. But all these have not given clinically efficient results. The clinical symptoms visible in this disease are scaling or exfoliation of skin; redness and swelling of affected regions along with itching. Neutrophilic infiltration in the epidermal crust and dense presence of inflammatory mediators in the region are found in the region on performing histological studies using skin biopsy. In the ancient Indian medical system of Ayurveda, mustard oil or Sarshapa taila has been characterized as deep penetrating, hot potency, pungent smelling fluid effective against skin itching and urticaria. This is a case report of experimental mustard oil therapy on a patient with Seborrheic dermatitis. It is being addressed by the global health community from both the fields of modern medicine and Ayurveda to carry a much deeper study on the topic and the therapy method which is being shown in this research.

MODERN EMERGENCY CARE STRATEGY FOR HYPERTONIC CRISIS

The article is devoted to discussing modern approaches todiagnosis andtreatment in complicated anduncomplicated hypertensive crises.The options for antihypertensive drugs are considereddepending on thenature of target organ damage ina hypertensive crisis.The data on themost frequently prescribed drugs for complicated anduncomplicated hypertensive crisis increases the volumetric velocity of coronary andcerebral blood flowand reduces the pressure inthe pulmonary artery system.It is usually used to relieve the mild uncomplicated hypertensive crisis. Still, a wide range of side effects, including reflex tachycardia, periorbital andperipheral edema, skin redness, pruritus,limits its use.Keywords: cerebral blood flow, routine clinical, hypertension, medical associations, hypertensive crisis