Influence of Girdling and Gibberellic Acid on Yield Components, Fruit Composition, and Vestigial Seed Formation of `Sovereign Coronation' Table Grapes

Vestigial seeds of `Sovereign Coronation' table grapes frequently form partial seedcoats that are perceptible during consumption. This problem was addressed through cane/cordon girdling and gibberellic acid (GA3) sprays. `Sovereign Coronation' vines were subjected to one of five treatments [untreated control; cane/cordon girdled; 15 ppm GA3 at bloom (GA1); GA1 + 40 ppm GA3 14 days later (GA2); GA2 + 40 ppm GA3 14 days later]. GA3 had no effect on yield or clusters per vine, but postbloom GA3 treatments increased cluster and berry weights and reduced berries per cluster. Fruit maturity was not consistently affected by the treatments, although slight increases in °Brix and pH and decreases in titratable acidity (TA) were associated with postbloom GA3 treatments. Use of postbloom GA3 applications reduced the number and weight of vestigial seeds with developed seedcoats, and reduced the number and weight of undeveloped seeds as well in 2 of 3 years. Girdling increased cluster and berry weights, decreased °Brix and TA, and increased pH. Transpiration rate of leaves on girdled vines was also higher than control vines on one sampling date. Data suggest that use of bloom and postbloom GA3 applications to `Sovereign Coronation' may reduce the formation of perceptible vestigial seeds and thus improve the marketability of this cultivar.

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Influence of gibberellic acid and N6-benzyladenine on the development of seed and shot berries in the seedless grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Perlette

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar04202 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

K. Usha ◽

D. Kashyap ◽

B. Singh

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

High Concentration ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Seed Formation ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Seedless Grape

Gibberellins have been used to improve quality of grapes in several cases. However, gibberellic acid (GA) alone is not enough to improve the quality in Perlette. A field experiment was conducted on 3-year-old grape cv. Perlette trained on pergolas, to investigate the effect of bunch dipping with GA3 and N6-benzyladenine (BA) on reducing the problem of shot berries and improving the productivity of grapevines. Our observations proved that the stage of application of GA3 and BA is crucial to avoiding seed formation in seedless varieties such as Perlette for table grapes. The results showed that BA at low (10 µL/L) or high concentration (30 µL/L) at 50% of full bloom caused seed development in the seedless grape cv. Perlette, whereas no seed was formed when BA was used later at the fruit set stage. Based on our studies, we found that bunch dipping with 30 µL/L GA3 (at 50% of full bloom) and 10µL/L BA (at pea size) significantly reduced the problem of shot berries, and improved the yield and quality in grape cv. Perlette.

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Advancement of `Riesling' Fruit Maturity by Paclobutrazol-induced Reduction of Lateral Shoot Growth

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.117.3.430 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 430-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.G. Reynolds ◽

D.A. Wardle ◽

A.C. Cottrell ◽

A.P. Gaunce

Keyword(s):

Growth Yield ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

First Year ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Lateral Shoot ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Lateral Shoots ◽

Fruit Maturity

Paclobutrazol (PB) was sprayed on hedged `Riesling' (Vitis vinifera L.) vines at one of five concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, 3000, or 4000 mg·liter-1) as single annual applications over 3 years (1987-89). Observations were made on growth, yield, and fruit composition during the years of application and 1 year thereafter (1990) to test carryover effects. PB had no effect on vine vigor, expressed as weight of cane prunings, during the three application years, but reduced vine vigor linearly with concentration in 1990. Yield was reduced by PB in the first 2 years of the trial, while in one season cluster weight and berries per cluster were also reduced. °Brix was increased by PB during all 3 years of application; titratable acidity was reduced and pH increased in the first year of application. PB sprays significantly reduced lateral shoot length, mean leaf size on both main and lateral shoots, and total leaf area on main and lateral shoots. Winter injury to buds, cordons, and trunks was also reduced with increasing PB level. Residues of PB in fruit in the first year of application ranged from 9 μg·kg-1 at the 0-m·gliter-1 level to 638 μg·kg-1 at the 4000-mg·liter-1 level. PB shows promise as a viticultural tool for advancement of fruit maturity, with possible additional benefits such as improved vine winter hardiness. Chemical name used β -[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-α -dimethylethyl)-1-H-1,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol (paclobutrazol, PB).

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Phenylureas CPPU and Thidiazuron Affect Yield Components, Fruit Composition, and Storage Potential of Four Seedless Grape Selections

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.117.1.85 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 117 (1) ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

A.G. Reynolds ◽

D.A. Wardle ◽

C. Zurowski ◽

N.E. Looney

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effects ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Great Promise ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Subsequent Trial ◽

Berry Weight ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Seedless Grape ◽

And Storage

One of three levels (O, 1, 10 mg·liter-1) of the cytokinin-active substituted phenylurea compound CPPU was applied with or without 100 mg GA/liter to developing clusters of `Sovereign Coronation' and Summerland Selection 495 grapes (Vitis spp.). In a similar experiment, one of three levels (0, 1, 10 mg·liter-) of either CPPU or the related compound thidiazuron was applied to `Simone' and Summerland Selection 535. Both phenylurea chemicals tended to linearly increase cluster weight and berry weight while reducing degrees Brix, pH, and anthocyanins and increasing titratable acidity. A subsequent trial with O, 4, and 8 mg thidiazuron/liter on all four varieties yielded similar results. GA had no individual or synergistic effects. Due to the very low concentrations required, CPPU and thidiazuron show great promise as chemical tools for the increase of berry weight in seedless table grapes. Chemical names used: N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl) -N'-phenylurea (CPPU); N1-phenyl-N'-l,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl urea (thidiazuron);

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Impacts of using polyethylene sleeves and wavelength selective mulch in vineyards. II. Effects on growth, leaf gas exchange, yield components and fruit quality of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p03-094 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 555-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. A. Bowen ◽

C. P. Bogdanoff ◽

B. Estergaard

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Yield Components ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Maturation ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Apparent Reduction ◽

Shoot Growth Rate ◽

Effect On Yield

Response of Merlot vines to wavelength-selective polyethylene mulch in the planted row and clear polyethylene enclosures (sleeves) around canes or cordons for 7 wk in the spring was studied in three Okanagan Valley vineyards. The mulch had no detectable effects on vine development, yield components and fruit quality. The sleeves advanced budbreak by 3 to 6 d, depending on the vineyard site, and increased the early growth rate of shoots. Time of budbreak and shoot growth rate were better predicted by cumulative daily mean temperature than by cumulative degree days (base 10°C). On the day sleeves were removed or opened at top, photosynthesis rates were higher in open-top sleeves than under ambient conditions due to higher mesophyll and stomatal conductances. Sleeves advanced the date of 50% bloom in all vineyards by approximately 10 d. Time of bloom, onset of veraison and the rate of fruit maturation were predictable from degree day accumulation. Sleeves advanced fruit maturation by 7 to 26 d, depending on the site, and reduced juice titratable acidity relative to °Brix at the coolest site. Sleeve effects on yield and yield components were inconsistent among sites. Sleeves reduced yield at one site due to lower cluster weights and apparently fewer berries per cluster. At another site, higher berry weights compensated for the apparent reduction in the number of berries per cluster in response to sleeves, and there was no effect on yield. At the third site, berry weights were lower in response to sleeves, likely in compensation for a higher number of berries per cluster. At one site where vines were shoot-thinned to retain primary shoots in the following year, the number of clusters per vine was unaffected by the treatments indicating that the treatments had no effect on bud fruitfulness. Key words: Wine grapes, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, plasticulture

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Corrigendum to: Influence of gibberellic acid and N6-benzyladenine on the development of seed and shot berries in the seedless grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Perlette

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar04202_co ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

pp. 1009

Author(s):

K. Usha ◽

D. Kashyap ◽

B. Singh

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

High Concentration ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Seed Formation ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Seedless Grape

Gibberellins have been used to improve quality of grapes in several cases. However, gibberellic acid (GA) alone is not enough to improve the quality in Perlette. A field experiment was conducted on 3-year-old grape cv. Perlette trained on pergolas, to investigate the effect of bunch dipping with GA3 and N6-benzyladenine (BA) on reducing the problem of shot berries and improving the productivity of grapevines. Our observations proved that the stage of application of GA3 and BA is crucial to avoiding seed formation in seedless varieties such as Perlette for table grapes. The results showed that BA at low (10 �L/L) or high concentration (30 �L/L) at 50% of full bloom caused seed development in the seedless grape cv. Perlette, whereas no seed was formed when BA was used later at the fruit set stage. Based on our studies, we found that bunch dipping with 30 �L/L GA3 (at 50% of full bloom) and 10�L/L BA (at pea size) significantly reduced the problem of shot berries, and improved the yield and quality in grape cv. Perlette.

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Gibberellic Acid Accelerates ‘Honeycrisp’, but not ‘Cameo’, Apple Fruit Maturation

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.18.1.39 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Torrance R. Schmidt ◽

Don C. Elfving ◽

James R. McFerson ◽

Matthew D. Whiting

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Malus Domestica ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Fruit Maturation ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Flesh Firmness ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Return Bloom ◽

Starch Conversion

Gibberellins inhibit flowering in apple (Malus domestica) and show promise as tools to promote annual bearing. The authors validated the efficacy of gibberellic acid (GA) to reduce return bloom dramatically in two biennial cultivars. ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit treated in 2004 with GA4+7 at 0, 200, 400, or 600 mg·L−1 demonstrated advanced maturity in terms of starch levels, flesh firmness, and titratable acidity, whereas ‘Cameo’ fruit showed variable treatment effects. In 2005, 0, 300, 600, 900, or 1200 mg·L−1 GA4+7 was applied to ‘Cameo’, and fruit maturity was once again unaffected. Two commercial GA products (GA4, GA4+7) were applied in 2005 to ‘Honeycrisp’ at 400 mg·L−1. Both formulations caused fruit to have less flesh firmness and acidity, and increased levels of starch conversion compared with the untreated control at harvest and after 140 d of common storage. All GA treatments in all four trials profoundly diminished flowering in the season after treatment. Results demonstrate differences in sensitivity to GA between the two cultivars.

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Garden pea Varietal Susceptibility to Mycosphaerella pinodes and its Effect on Yield Components of Single Plants

Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin ◽

10.2478/v10032-009-0004-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lech Boros ◽

Anna Wawer

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽

Garden Pea ◽

Varietal Susceptibility ◽

Effect On Yield

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Salicylic acid and oxalic acid in enhancing the quality and extending the shelf life of grape cv. Thompson seedless

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/10820132211020612 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108201322110206

Author(s):

TK Hazarika ◽

Tangkasil Marak

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Fungal Decay ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Overall Acceptability ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Acid Ratio

Postharvest life of table grapes is usually shortened by berry softening, berry drop, stem browning, fungal decay. Salicylic acid reduces fruit respiration and ethylene biosynthesis, during storage of fruits. Similarly, application of oxalic acid is a secure and hopeful postharvest handling technology for keeping quality and prolonging storage life of fruit. To study the effect of Salicylic acid and oxalic acid in enhancing the quality and extending the shelf life of grape, the present investigation was conducted. The grape berries were treated with Oxalic acid (OA) (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mM) and Salicylic acid (SA) (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM). The treatments were compared within 16th days at an interval of 4 days. Among the treatments, SA (2 mM) showed superiority in different quality attributing characters like physiological loss in weight (PLW), berry firmness, rachis browning, berry appearance, fungal decay, berry shattering, TSS, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars, TSS: acid ratio, taste, overall acceptability and shelf life. Hence, SA (2 mM) can be used as an effective strategy for maintaining quality of table grapes.

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