Gibberellin Application Improved Bunch Rot Control of Vignoles Grape, but Response to Mechanical Defoliation Varied between Training Systems

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. PDIS-06-20-1184
Author(s):  
Bryan Hed ◽  
Michela Centinari
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Training System ◽  
Cluster Architecture ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Cluster Compactness ◽  
Bunch Rot

Late-season bunch rot causes significant crop loss for grape growers in wet and humid climates. For 3 years (2016 to 2018), we integrated prebloom mechanized defoliation (MD) in the fruit zone and bloom gibberellin (GA) applications, either alone or in combination, into the bunch rot control program of Vignoles, a commercially valuable grape variety that is highly susceptible to bunch rot. We hypothesized that both treatments would decrease bunch rot through modification of cluster architecture or fruit zone microclimate compared with vines treated with the standard chemical control program. Grapevines were trained to two popular training systems, four-arm Kniffin (4AK) and high-wire bilateral cordon (HWC). Treatment responses varied between training systems. MD, alone or in combination with GA, reduced bunch rot incidence and severity every year on 4AK-trained vines, an effect attributed mainly to fruit zone improvements. Conversely, MD alone did not reduce bunch rot incidence on HWC-trained vines, despite significant improvements in cluster architecture (reduced number of berries per cluster and cluster compactness). GA applications were more effective than MD at reducing cluster compactness, regardless of training system. As a result, GA reduced bunch rot incidence and severity when applied alone or with MD on 4AK- and HWC-trained vines. All treatments positively improved fruit-soluble sugar concentration on both training systems, while positive effects on titratable acidity were more consistent across training systems with MD.

scholarly journals Response of `Chardonnay' Grapevines to Training and Crop Control

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 800G-801
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Zabadal ◽  
Gary R. VanEe ◽  
Thomas W. Dittmer ◽  
Richard L. Ledebuhr
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Intermediate Response ◽  
Cluster Compactness ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Growing Conditions

Growing conditions in Michigan can threaten the yield and acceptable fruit quality of `Chardonnay' grapevines. Three grapevine training systems, mid-wire cordon (MWC), umbrella kniffin (UK), and a combination of the two (MWC-UK) were evaluated under Michigan growing conditions to determine their influence on yield, fruit quality, cluster compactness, incidence and severity of Botrytis bunch rot, and trellis fill. Vines were grown on C3309 rootstock and pruned to 44 nodes per kilogram of cane prunings. The MWC-UK treatment had an additional 30 nodes per vine retained, and the crop level on these nodes was removed after fruitset. Over a 2-year period, UK and MWC-UK trained vines had fruit soluble solids about 1 °Brix higher and yields were 48% and 63% higher than MWC trained vines, respectively. MWC-UK trained vines consistently out-performed MWC trained vines for all variables measured, while UK-trained vines provided an intermediate response.

scholarly journals Performance of 'Seyval Blanc' Grape in Four Training Systems Over Five Years

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ferree ◽  
T. Steiner ◽  
J. Gallander ◽  
D. Scurlock ◽  
G. Johns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Training System ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
System Average

Own-rooted 'Seyval Blanc' vines were evaluated over 5 years in the following training systems: bilateral cordon, bilateral cordon sylvos (sylvos), upright cordon-spur pruned, and upright cordon-cane pruned. Vines in all systems were spaced 1.8 x 2.7 m and were shoot thinned to 40 shoots and cluster thinned to one cluster per shoot. Cumulative yields over 5 years of the upright cordon systems were higher than vines in the sylvos system. Average weight of cane prunings was higher in the upright cordon vines than in all other systems. Vines trained to the sylvos system had more canopy gaps, less Botrytis bunch rot, and higher juice soluble solids than other systems in some years. The chemical constituents of the must and wine or evaluation by tasting showed little influence of training system.

scholarly journals Training systems, rootstocks and climatic conditions influence quality and antioxidant activity of ‘BRS Cora’ grape

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e49054
Author(s):  
Rayssa Ribeiro da Costa ◽  
Talita de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Maria Auxiliadora Coêlho de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Training System ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Lower Variation

Environmental and production factors might affect grapevine physiology. Estimating these effects is essential for planning the harvest and predicting the quality of grapes. The aim of this study was to characterize the quality and antioxidant potential of ‘BRS Cora’ grapes with different training systems and rootstocks in production cycles of the second half of the year under tropical conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks with sub-subdivided plots over time. Three training systems and two rootstocks were studied in production cycles referring to the second halves of 2017 and 2018. In 2017, the grapes of plants trained with lyre and vertical shoot positioning (VSP) had the highest soluble solids and sugars contents, and in 2018, this response occurred with the overhead trellis system. There was lower variation in titratable acidity between cycles of grapevines trained with VSP and lyre, as well as in those grafted onto ‘IAC 572’. In 2018, lyre with ‘IAC 572’ promoted higher pigment accumulation. Climatic conditions in 2017 provided a higher accumulation of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in grapes of plants trained with lyre with ‘IAC 766’. The efficiency of the training system within each cycle, associated with the effect of the rootstock, resulted in differentiated responses according to climatic conditions.

scholarly journals From Harvest To Consumer: Are Grape's Health-Beneficial Properties Modified With Time In Storage?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 427-427
Author(s):  
Lima Marta ◽  
Sideman Rebecca ◽  
Chandrakala Annasamy ◽  
Hanlon Molly
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Training System ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Cold Hardy

Abstract Objectives Currently, the intake of fruits and vegetables is lower than the recommended amounts, despite the known association between consumption of plant foods and prevention of several chronic diseases. Grapes are a widely accepted and consumed fruit, and one of the richest in phytochemicals that are beneficial to human health. Previously, we reported that growing cold hardy table grapes on two different grapevine training systems, Modified Munson (MM) and Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP), modulates their amount of total phenolics and antioxidant potential at harvest. However, consumers access to fruit is usually not immediate upon harvest, but could take weeks/months before reaching stores. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether phenolics and antioxidant potential of table grapes grown on different training systems could be maintained post-harvest in cold storage. Methods Cold-hardy table grapes variety Mars were grown on two grapevine training systems, MM and VSP. At harvest, randomly picked grape clusters from each training system were placed in clamshells (2 clusters per clamshell) and placed in cold storage (0 ± 1°C). After 1, 2 and 3 weeks post-harvest, grapes (triplicate clamshells) were homogenized and Brix, titratable acidity, antioxidant potential and total phenolics were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using 2-way ANOVA. Results Total phenolics were greater for MM compared with VSP (MM 2.56 vs. VSP 1.84 mM Catechin equivalents; P = 0.0001), but were reduced in cold storage irrespective of training system (P = 0.0002). The MM training system had greater Brix (MM 17.9 vs. VSP 15.8°Bx; P < 0.0001) and antioxidant potential (MM 1.24 vs. VSP 1.01 mM Fe2+ Equivalents; P = 0.0379) than VSP system. The results also showed an effect of training system x time interaction (P = 0.0371) on titratable acidity. Conclusions Our data suggest that greater total phenolics, antioxidant potential and Brix associated with the MM compared with VSP training system are maintained in the post-harvest period. Our data also suggest that nutritional properties of grapes is reduced post-harvest, despite being in cold storage. Thus, grapevine training system and cold-storage play a role in producing grapes with increased health-beneficial properties. Funding Sources USDA NIFA Hatch.

scholarly journals Techniques to modify cluster architecture and their effect on the viticultural performance of the Sauvignon Blanc cultivar

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Fontanella Brighenti ◽  
Bruno Munhoz ◽  
Douglas André Würz ◽  
Mateus da Silveira Pasa ◽  
Felipe Augusto Moretti Ferreira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Cluster Architecture ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cluster Compactness ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different techniques to modify grape cluster architecture on the incidence and severity of botrytis bunch rot, as well as on the viticultural performance of the 'Sauvignon Blanc' grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Associated with fungicides, four treatments were tested: control, 30 ppm gibberellic acid sprayed at full bloom, 1,000 ppm prohexadione calcium sprayed at full bloom, and berry thinning at the stage of beginning of berry touch. The experiment was carried out in the 2015, 2016, and 2017 vintages. Clusters were treated with fungicides during the stages of full bloom, beginning of berry touch, veraison, and around 15 days before harvest. Berry thinning does not cause losses in the yield and quality of 'Sauvignon Blanc', and, despite having little effect on cluster architecture, is effective in reducing the incidence and severity of Botrytis cinerea. Prohexadione calcium improves grape phenolic maturation, is effective in reducing the incidence and severity of B. cinerea, and reduces cluster compactness by decreasing berry diameter. The application of gibberellic acid spray at full bloom is not recommended because it decreases yield and bud fertility and increases berry susceptibility to B. cinerea infection.

scholarly journals Botrytis bunch rot on 'Sauvignon Blanc' grapevine on the Y-trellis and vertical shoot-positioned training systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betina Pereira de Bem ◽  
Amauri Bogo ◽  
Ricardo Allebrandt ◽  
José Luiz Marcon Filho ◽  
Douglas André Würz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cluster Compactness ◽  
Bunch Rot

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the Y-trellis (YT) and vertical shoot-positioned (VSP) training systems on the incidence and severity of Botrytis cinerea, on cluster compactness, and total polyphenol (TP) contents of 'Sauvignon Blanc' grapevine in the municipality of São Joaquim, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Field trials were carried out in a randomized complete block design during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons, with assessments performed at harvest. The YT system causes a higher incidence and severity of botrytis bunch rot under climatic conditions favorable to the pathogen, as well as greater cluster compactness, than the VSP system, without affecting the content of total polyphenols of 'Sauvignon Blanc' grapevine.

scholarly journals A Taxonomy in Robot-Assisted Training: Current Trends, Needs and Challenges

Technologies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Tsiakas ◽  
Maria Kyrarini ◽  
Vangelis Karkaletsis ◽  
Fillia Makedon ◽  
Oliver Korn
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Training System ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Robot Perception ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
And Behavior

In this article, we present a taxonomy in Robot-Assisted Training; a growing body of research in Human–Robot Interaction which focuses on how robotic agents and devices can be used to enhance user’s performance during a cognitive or physical training task. Robot-Assisted Training systems have been successfully deployed to enhance the effects of a training session in various contexts, i.e., rehabilitation systems, educational environments, vocational settings, etc. The proposed taxonomy suggests a set of categories and parameters that can be used to characterize such systems, considering the current research trends and needs for the design, development and evaluation of Robot-Assisted Training systems. To this end, we review recent works and applications in Robot-Assisted Training systems, as well as related taxonomies in Human–Robot Interaction. The goal is to identify and discuss open challenges, highlighting the different aspects of a Robot-Assisted Training system, considering both robot perception and behavior control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of production conditions of tomato grafted with different tobacco rootstocks and determining nicotine content and quality of fruit

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Seda TUNÇAY ÇAĞATAY ◽  
Gülşah ÇALIK KOÇ ◽  
Fereshteh REZAEİ ◽  
Özlem DARCANSOY İŞERI ◽  
Feride İffet ŞAHIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soluble Solid

<p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of grafting tomato on different tobacco rootstocks on quality factors and nicotine content. The commercial variety (Solanum lycopersicum ‘H2274’) (BIOTECH) of the tomato was used as the scion plant, and six different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) rootstocks were used: Taşova, Tekel, Muş, Samsun, Dişbudak, Hasankeyf cultivars. Cleft grafting method was used in all plants. Yield of non-grafted and grafted plants grown in open-field conditions was calculated, and there was a significant increase in yield in grafted tomatoes compared to non-grafted tomatoes. There was significantly increased lycopene and β-carotene levels (mg kg-1), especially in ‘Tekel’, ‘Taşova’, ‘Samsun’, and ‘Hasankeyf’ tobacco grafts. There was a statistically significant difference between grafted and non-grafted plants according to 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical retention capacities and total phenol (TP) values. Evaluation of quality determinants including pH values, titratable acidity values (citric acid %), soluble solid content (SSC)(oBrix) , fruit size ratios, showed that tomatoes grafted with ‘Muş’ tobacco rootstock were of higher quality. There was no significant difference between grafted and non-grafted plants according to nicotine analysis of the tobacco-grafted tomatoes, and due to acceptable ranges of nicotin level on tobacco grafted tomato plants were considered to be suitable for consumption. It could be concluded that grafting practices have significantly positive effects on tomato yield and quality.<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Physicochemical and aromatic composition of 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines obtained from the Y-trellis and VSP training systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luiz Marcon Filho ◽  
Douglas André Wurz ◽  
Alberto Fontanella Brighenti ◽  
Aike Anneliese Kretzschmar ◽  
Leo Rufato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Training System ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Commercial Vineyard

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare the effect of the Y-trellis and vertical shoot position trellis (VSP) training systems on the physicochemical composition and aromatic profile of 'Sauvignon Blanc' (Vitis vinifera) wines in a high-altitude region of the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. The experiment was conducted during the 2015 vintage in a commercial vineyard located in the municipality of São Joaquim. The treatments consisted of the training systems: Y-trellis and VSP pruned in spur cordon. Sixty kilograms of grapes were harvested from each training system to make the wines, which were evaluated as to their chemical and phenolic composition and aromatic profile. There is no effect of the training system on the wine chemical variables pH, total acidity, color, and total polyphenols. The aromatic profile and phenolic composition of the wines are affected by the training systems, being related to the variables ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, propanoic acid, and gallic acid in the Y-trellis, and to 1-hexanol, isovaleric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, and catechin in VSP. The Y-trellis system can be an alternative for high-altitude regions of Southern Brazil.

scholarly journals PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COCONUT ECOTYPES IN BENIN COASTAL ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Ulysse Ayihaou Daa-Kpode ◽  
Patrice Hodonou Avogbe ◽  
Gustave Djedatin ◽  
Daniel Datchiglo ◽  
Aristide Bakpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Physico Chemical

Coconut water is highly consumed for refreshment due to its nutritional value. However, its nutritional value varies according to the ecotype and stage of maturity of ecotype. In order to identify best ecotypes with high nutritious value, a physico-chemical composition of ten (10) ecotypes was performed at earlier stage of maturity (3 months). The measured parameters were: coconut height, mass of water, total sugar content, soluble sugar content, protein, titratable acidity and pH.  The obtained results showed that all parameters vary from one ecotype to another. All coconut ecotypes contain water slightly acid with a pH value less than 7.  Furthermore, there is no relationship between physical and biochemical parameters. However, within characterized ecotypes, Ecotype_2, appeared to have the best biochemical composition with a significant amount of water. This study provided important informations related to physico-chemical characteristics of coconuts ecotypes found in the coastal zone.

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