scholarly journals An evaluation of biochar pre-conditioned with urea ammonium nitrate on maize (Zea mays L.) production and soil biochemical characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Dil ◽  
Maren Oelbermann ◽  
Wei Xue
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Dil, M., Oelbermann, M. and Xue, W. 2014. An evaluation of biochar pre-conditioned with urea ammonium nitrate on maize (Zea mays L.) production and soil biochemical characteristics. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 551–562. Biochar can enhance soil fertility, plant nutrient uptake and crop production. Using a potted study, we quantified the effects of adding biochar at 1 t ha−1 (Char), biochar pre-conditioned with urea ammonium nitrate [UAN (Char+)], or UAN only to a control (Contr) with no amendments on maize (Zea mays L.) biomass production, tissue carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, N uptake (NU), N utilization efficiency (NUtE), and soil chemistry and biology in coarse-, medium- and fine-textured soils over 6 wk. Soil pH decreased (P<0.05) in Char+ and UAN treatments for all soil textures. Soil organic carbon (SOC) increased (P<0.05) in the coarse and medium textured soil in Char and Char+ treatments. Soil ammonium and soil nitrate were different (P<0.05) among treatments; increasing or decreasing depending upon soil texture. Soil microbial biomass C was lowest (P<0.05) in the UAN treatment for all soil textures. Soil potential microbial activity was significantly greater in the coarse-textured soil in only the Char and Char+ treatments. Maize biomass, tissue N concentration, and NU increased (P<0.05) in soils amended with Char+ or UAN only. NUtE was lower (P<0.05) in Char+ and UAN treatments in the coarse- and medium-textured soils, but this was reversed for the fine-textured soil.

scholarly journals Pronitridine Nitrification Inhibitor With Urea Ammonium Nitrate for Corn

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Claypan Soil ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Nitrification inhibitors have been used to enhance the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. This research evaluated the effectiveness of nontreated urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 0, 67, 135, 202, and 270 kg N ha-1 as well as UAN treated with nitrification inhibitors (pronitridine at 9.4 and 18.8 L ha-1 or nitrapyrin at 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1) to enhance N uptake and increase yield of corn (Zea mays L.). The study took place from 2012-2014 in upstate Missouri on a claypan soil. During the experiments, environmental conditions (high, medium, and low yielding years) affected corn response to pronitridine and nitrapyrin. In general, UAN plus pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 had similar effects on corn compared pronitridine at a higher (18.7 L ha-1) rate. During a high-yielding year (2014), in order to produce yields equivalent to 67 kg N ha-1 plus pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 or nitrapyrin, UAN needed to be increased 14 to 19%. Similarly, the amount of nontreated UAN needed to be increased 8 to 11% for yields to be equivalent to UAN at 135 kg N ha-1 plus pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 or nitrapyrin. Grain N removal and agronomic efficiency was highest with pronitridine at 9.4 L ha-1 and nitrapyrin combined with 67 and 135 kg N ha-1, respectively. This research indicates that pronitridine was as effective as nitrapyrin when added to a pre-emergence application of UAN placed between the rows in a dribble band.

DETERMINATION OF VARIABILITY IN SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROBIAL BIOMASS UNDER CONTINUOUS DIRECT-PLANTED CORN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. CARTER ◽  
R. P. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Winter Period

The spatial variability of soil strength, porosity, and microbial biomass was determined under 4-yr continuous direct-planted silage corn (Zea mays L.) on Prince Edward Island. All soil properties changed relative to the row position. Microbial biomass C and N were lower in the in-row compared to the between-row position. Positional and depth differences for soil bulk density and volume of macropores (EPD > 50 μm) were only evident at the soil surface (0–8 cm). Temporal and spatial variations in soil strength indicated the extent of the rooting potential within the soil profile, the depth to compacted soil layers, and the degree of soil structure regeneration during the winter period. Key words: Spatial variability, soil strength, soil porosity, microbial biomass, direct-planted corn, Zea mays L.

A FIELD COMPARISON STUDY OF AMMONIUM PHOSPHATES AND SUPERPHOSPHATE–UREA OR AMMONIUM NITRATE ON CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) GROWTH IN FIVE QUEBEC SOILS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. OKALEBO ◽  
A. F. MacKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
P Content ◽  
Leaf P

Effects of mono-, diammonium, and superphosphate with added urea or ammonium nitrate on corn (Zea mays L.) growth were studied in the field in 1971 and 1972. At the rate of 100 kg P2O5/ha, none of the carriers affected emergence of seedlings in five Quebec soils. Leaf P content at silking time was of little benefit in predicting P status of the plants, or in differentiating among the carriers. Phosphorous applications gave significant corn yield increases, with carriers performing alike when averaged over all sites. However, some yield differences among carriers occurred on some soil types and seasons. These carrier differences were not consistent and remain to be clarified. The ammonium phosphates compared with the check generally hastened maturity but reduced potassium levels in leaf tissue of corn.

scholarly journals Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) Reveals A Complementary Profile in Response to Phosphate Deficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 1142-1155
Author(s):  
Zhi Nie ◽  
Bowen Luo ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Ling Wu ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Isobaric Tags

A deficiency in the macronutrient phosphate (Pi) brings about various changes in plants at the morphological, physiological and molecular levels. However, the molecular mechanism for regulating Pi homeostasis in response to low-Pi remains poorly understood, particularly in maize (Zea mays L.), which is a staple crop and requires massive amounts of Pi. Therefore, in this study, we performed expression profiling of the shoots and roots of maize seedlings with Pi-tolerant genotype at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels using RNA sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). We identified 1944 differentially expressed transcripts and 340 differentially expressed proteins under low-Pi conditions. Most of the differentially expressed genes were clustered as regulators, such as transcription factors involved in the Pi signaling pathway at the transcript level. However, the more functional and metabolism-related genes showed expression changes at the protein level. Moreover, under low-Pi conditions, Pi transporters and phosphatases were specifically induced in the roots at both the transcript and protein levels, and increased amounts of mRNA and protein of two purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) and one UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase (SQD) were specifically detected in the roots. The new insights provided by this study will help to improve the P-utilization efficiency of maize.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilizer rate for improving inbred maize (Zea mays L.) yield on the semi-arid southern coast of Puerto Rico

2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
Johanie Rivera-Zayas ◽  
David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽  
Ricardo Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Semi Arid

Nitrogen (N) is possibly the most limiting nutrient for crop production on the southern semi-arid coast of Puerto Rico. In efforts to improve inbred maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, fertilizer N is sometimes aggressively managed. In this paper, we report on the results of a field experiment that evaluated the effect of six rates of fertilizer N (0, 34, 68,102,135 and 203 kg N/ha) and of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata cv. Iron-clay), planted as a cover crop during the offseason, on inbred maize grain yield. The soil was Jacaguas series (Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, isohyperthermic Fluventic Haplustolls) on the Dow Agrosciences experimental farm in Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico. Cowpea was planted on 13 July 2013 and incorporated into the soil on 20 September 2013. An inbred maize line was planted on 19 December 2013 and harvested on 19 March 2014 at a plant density of 51,645 plants per hectare. Irrigation was provided via drip system, and fertilizer N was applied at three different stages during the growing season: at emergence, 21 and 37 days after planting. Measurements of plant height, chlorophyll readings using SPAD-502® and GreenSeeker®, and leaf N concentration were used as indicators of treatment response and N sufficiency. The maximum grain yield of 2,918 kg/ha was attained with the fertilizer N rate of 68 kg N/ha. The cowpea cover crop rotation did not affect grain yield (P>0.05). Plant height, and measurements by SPAD-502® and GreenSeeker® provided adequate indicators of crop N sufficiency during the vegetative stages V6 to V12, with optimum values of 149 cm, 46, and 0.67 NDVI, respectively, 52 days after planting with an application of 68 kg N/ ha. Crop response to fertilizer N occurred at a lower rate than in previous studies and those occurring under conventional commercial conditions. Other factors related to fertilizer N management, such as sources, placement and timing of application might be as important for grain yield improvement of inbred maize.

EFFECTS OF MANURES, AMMONIUM NITRATE AND S-COATED UREA ON YIELD AND UPTAKE OF N BY CORN AND ON SUBSEQUENT INORGANIC N LEVELS IN SOILS IN SOUTHERN QUEBEC

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. MILLER ◽  
A. F. MacKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Coated Urea

Effects of added N in the form of ammonium nitrate, S-coated urea, solid cow manure, liquid hog manure, and liquid hog manure plus straw on yield and N uptake of corn (Zea mays L.) were determined in 1971. Residual effects of the fertilizers were measured in 1972. Levels of added N were 150 kg/ha, on three soils varying in texture. In 1971, highest yield and N uptake was found using ammonium nitrate, followed by S-coated urea. The manures were not different than the control, and the average values with liquid manure plus straw were generally lowest. Ammonium nitrate treatments had the lowest mineral N levels in the soil profile in September. Thus, ammonium nitrate was considered to have the lowest pollution potential, assuming that fall-accumulated inorganic soil N was a hazard for pollution of groundwater.

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