VESSEL FOR LONG TERM SOIL-SOLUTION EQUILIBRATION

The amendment of biochar to soils is often considered for its potential as a climate change mitigation and adaptation tool through agriculture. Its presence in tropical agroecosystems has been reported to positively impact soil productivity whilst successfully storing C on the short&#8201;and long-term. In temperate systems, recent research showed limited to no effect on productivity following recent biochar addition to soils. Its long-term effects on productivity and nutrient cycling have, however, been overlooked yet are essential before the use of biochar can be generalized.Our study was set up in a conventionally cropped field, containing relict charcoal kiln sites used as a model for century old biochar (CoBC, ~220 years old). These sites were compared to soils amended with recently pyrolyzed biochar (YBC) and biochar free soils (REF) to study nutrient dynamics in the soil-water-plant system. Our research focused on soil chemical properties, crop nutrient uptake and soil solution nutrient concentrations. Crop plant samples were collected over three consecutive land occupations (chicory, winter wheat and a cover crop) and soil solutions gathered through the use of suctions cups inserted in different horizons of the studied Luvisol throughout the field.Our results showed that YBC mainly influenced the soil solution composition whereas CoBC mainly impacted the total and plant available soil nutrient content. In soils with YBC, our results showed lower nitrate and potassium concentrations in subsoil horizons, suggesting a decreased leaching, and higher phosphate concentrations in topsoil horizons. With time and the oxidation of biochar particles, our results reported higher total soil N, available K and Ca in the topsoil horizon when compared to REF, whereas available P was significantly smaller. Although significant changes occurred in terms of plant available nutrient contents and soil solution nutrient concentrations, this did not transcend in variations in crop productivity between soils for neither of the studied crops. Overall, our study highlights that young or aged biochar behave as two distinct products in terms of nutrient cycling in soils. As such the sustainability of these soils differ and their management must therefore evolve with time.

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Calcium and magnesium in atmospheric precipitation, groundwater and the soil solution in long-term meadow experiments

Journal of Elementology ◽

10.5601/jelem.2014.19.1.597 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Barbara Sapek

Keyword(s):

Soil Solution ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Calcium And Magnesium

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Leaching of nutrient cations from the forest floor: effects of nitrogen saturation in two long-term manipulations

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x99-033 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 609-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

William S Currie ◽

John D Aber ◽

Charles T Driscoll

Keyword(s):

Soil Solution ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Nitrogen Saturation ◽

Pinus Resinosa ◽

Pine Forest ◽

Oak Forest ◽

N Saturation ◽

Harvard Forest ◽

Negative Relationships

Nitrogen saturation results in greater mobility of nitrate, which in turn is often correlated with concentrations of nutrient cations in soil solution and streamwater. At the Harvard Forest, U.S.A., under long-term NH4NO3 inputs, a Pinus resinosa Ait. forest has exhibited signs of N saturation more rapidly than a mixed-Quercus forest. We test the hypothesis that increased nitrate leaching causes increased concentrations of nutrient cations in soil solution. Over 2 years (years 6 and 7 of treatment) we measured SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, H+, and NH4+ in throughfall solution and in forest-floor (Oa) leachate. Concentrations of NO3- in forest-floor leachate increased with rates of N amendment and correlated positively with cation concentrations, with stronger overall correlations in the pine forest: r2 values were 0.51 (pine forest) and 0.39 (oak forest) for Ca2+, 0.45 (pine) and 0.16 (oak) for K+, and 0.62 (pine) and 0.50 (oak) for Mg2+. In summer and fall, the oak forest showed some negative relationships between nutrient cation leaching and rate of N amendment. These contrasts showed retention of cations and N to occur together in an N-limited system, whereas increased nitrate mobility occurred with increased cation losses in an N-saturated system.

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Influence of plant roots on rhizosphere soil solution composition of long-term contaminated soils

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.028 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 155 (1-2) ◽

pp. 86-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Kwon-Rae Kim ◽

Gary Owens ◽

Ravi Naidu ◽

Soon-lk Kwon

Keyword(s):

Soil Solution ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Solution Composition

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Changes in soil solution composition and aluminium speciation under legume based pastures in response to long term phosphate fertiliser applications

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9960985 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 985 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

V Manoharan ◽

P Loganathan ◽

RL Parfitt ◽

RW Tillman

Keyword(s):

Soil Solution ◽

Phosphate Rock ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Single Superphosphate ◽

Phosphate Fertiliser ◽

Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽

Subsurface Soil ◽

Aluminium Speciation

This study describes some of the effects of 8 years of annual application of 6 types of phosphatic fertilisers on the chemical composition and aluminium (Al) speciation in soil solution extracted from a soil under pasture. Soil samples at 2 depths, 0-30 and 30-75 mm, were collected at the end of 8 years. Soil solutions were extracted by centrifuging at 12 000 RCF and analysed for Al, Na, K, Ca, Mg, F, NO3, Cl, and SO4, as well as pH and ionic strength. Soil and soil solution pH were significantly increased at both depths by application of North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) compared with the control. In contrast, diammonium phosphate (DAP) significantly decreased the soil and solution pH. Single superphosphate (SSP) did not have any significant effect on soil or solution pH compared with the untreated control. The surface soil (0-30 mm) solution pH was on average 0.6 of a unit higher than the subsurface soil (30-75 mm) solution pH. Total monomeric Al concentration [Al], measured by the pyrocatecol violet (PCV; 4 min) method, ranged from 1.5 to 4.8 �M in the surface soil and 2.5 to 12.2 �M in the subsurface soil. The DAP and higher rates of SSP application resulted in a large increase in total and inorganic monomeric [Al] in the soil solution extracted from the subsurface soil. Total soluble [F] ranged from 2.7 to 23.5 �M and 3.2 to 25.6 �M in the surface and subsurface soils, respectively, and was significantly increased by the application of NCPR and by higher rates of SSP. The predominant forms of inorganic monomeric Al present in the soil solution were estimated to be the non-phytotoxic Al-F complexes, AlF2+, and AlF2+. There was a marked decrease in toxic Al species (Al3+, Al(OH)2+, Al(OH)2+) in soil solution following NCPR and SSP application. This was due primarily to complexation of Al with F derived from these fertilisers forming non-toxic AI-F complexes. The results suggest that the long-term application of reactive phosphate rock such as NCPR may contribute to amelioration of soil acidity and Al toxicity under legume-based pastures. In contrast ammonium-containing phosphate fertilisers such as DAP probably decrease soil pH and increase the formation of toxic Al species in the soil solution.

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Soil micronutrient availability to crops affected by long-term inorganic and organic fertilizer applications

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/914/2013-pse ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

B. Rutkowska ◽

W. Szulc ◽

T. Sosulski ◽

W. Stępień

Keyword(s):

Soil Solution ◽

Field Trial ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Manure Application ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Micronutrient Availability ◽

Term Field

The effects of mineral and organic fertilization on the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B and Mo in soil and in the soil solution as well as on availability of these elements for crops were investigated in the long-term field trial. The highest contents of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in soil and soil solution were observed in the treatment with the lowest pH (NPK). In this same combination the content of B and Mo was the lowest. The concentration of Zn, B and Fe in the soil solution significantly increased under farmyard manure application. Liming significantly decreased contents extractable by 1 mol/L HCl forms of Mn and Zn and significantly increase the content of Mo in the soil. Regardless of fertilization applied, microelement concentrations in the soil solution are sufficient for fulfilling nutritional needs of plants cultivated during the trial.

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