AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION FROM LIQUID DAIRY CATTLE MANURE IN THE FIELD

The volatilization of ammonia from applied liquid dairy cattle manure was measured in the field during 6- to 7- day periods in early May of 4 yr. An "open" system involving an aerodynamic diffusion method was employed for these measurements. Ammonia flux followed a diurnal pattern with maxima occurring shortly after midday and minima occurring during the early morning hours. The magnitude of daily flux values tended to decrease with time. However, both temperature and rainfall influenced the magnitude of ammonia flux. Generally, ammonia flux values increased with temperature but were suppressed by rainfall. Over periods of 6 or 7 days following the time of manure application, between 24 and 33% of the ammoniacal N applied in the manure was lost by volatilization. Samples of manure taken immediately following application and 5 days later showed a decrease in ammoniacal N concentration during this period. Although some ammonium moved into the 0- to 2- cm soil layer, immediately following application, most appeared to remain in the manure layer in spite of rainfalls which occurred during the experimental periods. Five days following manure application, the relatively large quantities of ammoniacal N remaining in the manure layer were subject to potential volatilization.

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Characterisation and Antibiotic Resistance of Selected Bacterial Pathogens Recovered from Dairy Cattle Manure during Anaerobic Mono-Digestion in a Balloon-Type Digester

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8112088 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2088

Author(s):

Christy Manyi-Loh ◽

Sampson Mamphweli ◽

Edson Meyer ◽

Anthony Okoh

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Plate Count ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Isolates

Dairy cattle manure serves as a potential source of contamination and infection of animals, humans and the environment. Manure samples withdrawn from a balloon-type digester during anaerobic digestion were evaluated for the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. The bacterial load of the samples was determined via a viable plate count method and the recovered isolates were subjected to characterisation and identification. These isolates were employed in antibiotic susceptibility testing using a disc diffusion method against a suite of 10 conventional antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was calculated and MAR phenotypes were generated. Although all the bacterial pathogens showed a certain degree of resistance to the studied antibiotics, a marked resistance was demonstrated by Campylobacter sp. to co-trimoxazole (87.5%) and nalidixic acid (81.5%). Remarkably, a high resistance (82.42%) was demonstrated against the antibiotic class, macrolide, followed by beta-lactams (40.44%), suggesting that bacterial resistance depended on the chemical structure of the antibiotics. However, individual bacterial isolates varied in resistance to particular antibiotics. Of the 83 bacterial isolates, 40(48.19%) observed MAR > 0.2 and, thus, were described as multidrug-resistant isolates. A total of 28 MAR phenotypes were revealed with the highest frequency of MAR phenotypes (37.5%) expressed against 3 antibiotics. Results indicated a high risk of exposure to various antibiotics and wide diversity of antibiotic resistance.

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81 Compare two methods to analyse total nitrogen from freeze-dried dairy cattle manure

Animal - science proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.anscip.2021.03.082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Yumeng Song ◽

Mei Bai ◽

Deli Chen ◽

Michael Hall ◽

Zelin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Freeze Dried

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Virtuous utilization of biochar and carbon dioxide in the thermochemical process of dairy cattle manure

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2021.129110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 416 ◽

pp. 129110

Author(s):

Sungyup Jung ◽

Jung-Hun Kim ◽

Dong-Jun Lee ◽

Kun-Yi Andrew Lin ◽

Yiu Fai Tsang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Thermochemical Process

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Rethinking Manure Application: Increase in Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Agricultural Soil Following Chicken Litter Application

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9050885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 885

Author(s):

Dorcas Oladayo Fatoba ◽

Akebe Luther King Abia ◽

Daniel G. Amoako ◽

Sabiha Y. Essack

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Agricultural Soil ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Manure Application ◽

Unamended Soil ◽

Enterococcus Spp ◽

Chicken Litter ◽

Amended Soil

The current study investigated the impact of chicken litter application on the abundance of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. in agricultural soil. Soil samples were collected from five different strategic places on a sugarcane farm before and after manure application for four months. Chicken litter samples were also collected. Enterococci were enumerated using the Enterolert®/Quanti-Tray 2000® system and confirm and differentiated into species using real-time PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method following the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. The overall mean bacterial count was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in manure-amended soil (3.87 × 107 MPN/g) than unamended soil (2.89 × 107 MPN/g). Eight hundred and thirty-five enterococci (680 from soil and 155 from litter) were isolated, with E. casseliflavus being the most prevalent species (469; 56.2%) and E. gallinarum being the least (16; 1.2%). Approximately 56% of all the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested, with the highest resistance observed against tetracycline (33%) and the lowest against chloramphenicol (0.1%); 17% of E. faecium were resistant to quinupristin-dalfopristin. Additionally, 27.9% (130/466) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, with litter-amended soil harbouring more multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (67.7%; 88/130) than unamended soil (10.0%; 13/130). All isolates were susceptible to tigecycline, linezolid and gentamicin. About 7% of the isolates had a multiple antimicrobial resistance index > 0.2, indicative of high antibiotic exposure. Although organic fertilizers are regarded as eco-friendly compared to chemical fertilizers for improving soil fertility, the application of untreated animal manure could promote the accumulation of antibiotics and their residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the soil, creating an environmental reservoir of antimicrobial resistance, with potential human and environmental health risks.

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